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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><title>Python: module copy</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head><body bgcolor="#f0f0f8">
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="heading">
<tr bgcolor="#7799ee">
<td valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"> <br><big><big><strong>copy</strong></big></big></font></td
><td align=right valign=bottom
><font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><a href=".">index</a><br><a href="file:/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/copy.py">/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/copy.py</a><br><a href="http://docs.python.org/library/copy">Module Docs</a></font></td></tr></table>
<p><tt>Generic (shallow and deep) copying operations.<br>
<br>
Interface summary:<br>
<br>
import copy<br>
<br>
x = copy.<a href="#-copy">copy</a>(y) # make a shallow copy of y<br>
x = copy.<a href="#-deepcopy">deepcopy</a>(y) # make a deep copy of y<br>
<br>
For module specific errors, copy.<a href="#Error">Error</a> is raised.<br>
<br>
The difference between shallow and deep copying is only relevant for<br>
compound objects (objects that contain other objects, like lists or<br>
class instances).<br>
<br>
- A shallow copy constructs a new compound object and then (to the<br>
extent possible) inserts *the same objects* into it that the<br>
original contains.<br>
<br>
- A deep copy constructs a new compound object and then, recursively,<br>
inserts *copies* into it of the objects found in the original.<br>
<br>
Two problems often exist with deep copy operations that don't exist<br>
with shallow copy operations:<br>
<br>
a) recursive objects (compound objects that, directly or indirectly,<br>
contain a reference to themselves) may cause a recursive loop<br>
<br>
b) because deep copy copies *everything* it may copy too much, e.g.<br>
administrative data structures that should be shared even between<br>
copies<br>
<br>
Python's deep copy operation avoids these problems by:<br>
<br>
a) keeping a table of objects already copied during the current<br>
copying pass<br>
<br>
b) letting user-defined classes override the copying operation or the<br>
set of components copied<br>
<br>
This version does not copy types like module, class, function, method,<br>
nor stack trace, stack frame, nor file, socket, window, nor array, nor<br>
any similar types.<br>
<br>
Classes can use the same interfaces to control copying that they use<br>
to control pickling: they can define methods called __getinitargs__(),<br>
__getstate__() and __setstate__(). See the documentation for module<br>
"pickle" for information on these methods.</tt></p>
<p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#aa55cc">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Modules</strong></big></font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#aa55cc"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><table width="100%" summary="list"><tr><td width="25%" valign=top><a href="weakref.html">weakref</a><br>
</td><td width="25%" valign=top></td><td width="25%" valign=top></td><td width="25%" valign=top></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ee77aa">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Classes</strong></big></font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ee77aa"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><dl>
<dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="exceptions.html#Exception">exceptions.Exception</a>(<a href="exceptions.html#BaseException">exceptions.BaseException</a>)
</font></dt><dd>
<dl>
<dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="copy.html#Error">Error</a>
</font></dt></dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="Error">class <strong>Error</strong></a>(<a href="exceptions.html#Exception">exceptions.Exception</a>)</font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><dl><dt>Method resolution order:</dt>
<dd><a href="copy.html#Error">Error</a></dd>
<dd><a href="exceptions.html#Exception">exceptions.Exception</a></dd>
<dd><a href="exceptions.html#BaseException">exceptions.BaseException</a></dd>
<dd><a href="__builtin__.html#object">__builtin__.object</a></dd>
</dl>
<hr>
Data descriptors defined here:<br>
<dl><dt><strong>__weakref__</strong></dt>
<dd><tt>list of weak references to the object (if defined)</tt></dd>
</dl>
<hr>
Methods inherited from <a href="exceptions.html#Exception">exceptions.Exception</a>:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#Error-__init__">__init__</a>(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature</tt></dd></dl>
<hr>
Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="exceptions.html#Exception">exceptions.Exception</a>:<br>
<dl><dt><strong>__new__</strong> = <built-in method __new__ of type object><dd><tt>T.<a href="#Error-__new__">__new__</a>(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T</tt></dl>
<hr>
Methods inherited from <a href="exceptions.html#BaseException">exceptions.BaseException</a>:<br>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__delattr__"><strong>__delattr__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#Error-__delattr__">__delattr__</a>('name') <==> del x.name</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__getattribute__"><strong>__getattribute__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#Error-__getattribute__">__getattribute__</a>('name') <==> x.name</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__getitem__"><strong>__getitem__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#Error-__getitem__">__getitem__</a>(y) <==> x[y]</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__getslice__"><strong>__getslice__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#Error-__getslice__">__getslice__</a>(i, j) <==> x[i:j]<br>
<br>
Use of negative indices is not supported.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__reduce__"><strong>__reduce__</strong></a>(...)</dt></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__repr__"><strong>__repr__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#Error-__repr__">__repr__</a>() <==> repr(x)</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__setattr__"><strong>__setattr__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#Error-__setattr__">__setattr__</a>('name', value) <==> x.name = value</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__setstate__"><strong>__setstate__</strong></a>(...)</dt></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__str__"><strong>__str__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#Error-__str__">__str__</a>() <==> str(x)</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="Error-__unicode__"><strong>__unicode__</strong></a>(...)</dt></dl>
<hr>
Data descriptors inherited from <a href="exceptions.html#BaseException">exceptions.BaseException</a>:<br>
<dl><dt><strong>__dict__</strong></dt>
</dl>
<dl><dt><strong>args</strong></dt>
</dl>
<dl><dt><strong>message</strong></dt>
</dl>
</td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#eeaa77">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Functions</strong></big></font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#eeaa77"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><dl><dt><a name="-copy"><strong>copy</strong></a>(x)</dt><dd><tt>Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.<br>
<br>
See the module's __doc__ string for more info.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-deepcopy"><strong>deepcopy</strong></a>(x, memo<font color="#909090">=None</font>, _nil<font color="#909090">=[]</font>)</dt><dd><tt>Deep copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.<br>
<br>
See the module's __doc__ string for more info.</tt></dd></dl>
</td></tr></table><p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">
<tr bgcolor="#55aa55">
<td colspan=3 valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Data</strong></big></font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#55aa55"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><strong>__all__</strong> = ['Error', 'copy', 'deepcopy']</td></tr></table>
</body></html>
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