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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><title>Python: module math</title>
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<td valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"> <br><big><big><strong>math</strong></big></big></font></td
><td align=right valign=bottom
><font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><a href=".">index</a><br><a href="file:/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/math.so">/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.10_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/math.so</a><br><a href="http://docs.python.org/library/math">Module Docs</a></font></td></tr></table>
<p><tt>This module is always available. It provides access to the<br>
mathematical functions defined by the C standard.</tt></p>
<p>
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<td colspan=3 valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Functions</strong></big></font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#eeaa77"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><dl><dt><a name="-acos"><strong>acos</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-acos">acos</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the arc cosine (measured in radians) of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-acosh"><strong>acosh</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-acosh">acosh</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-asin"><strong>asin</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-asin">asin</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the arc sine (measured in radians) of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-asinh"><strong>asinh</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-asinh">asinh</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-atan"><strong>atan</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-atan">atan</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-atan2"><strong>atan2</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-atan2">atan2</a>(y, x)<br>
<br>
Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of y/x.<br>
Unlike <a href="#-atan">atan</a>(y/x), the signs of both x and y are considered.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-atanh"><strong>atanh</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-atanh">atanh</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-ceil"><strong>ceil</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-ceil">ceil</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the ceiling of x as a float.<br>
This is the smallest integral value >= x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-copysign"><strong>copysign</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-copysign">copysign</a>(x, y)<br>
<br>
Return x with the sign of y.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-cos"><strong>cos</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-cos">cos</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the cosine of x (measured in radians).</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-cosh"><strong>cosh</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-cosh">cosh</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the hyperbolic cosine of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-degrees"><strong>degrees</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-degrees">degrees</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Convert angle x from radians to degrees.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-erf"><strong>erf</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-erf">erf</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Error function at x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-erfc"><strong>erfc</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-erfc">erfc</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Complementary error function at x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-exp"><strong>exp</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-exp">exp</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return e raised to the power of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-expm1"><strong>expm1</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-expm1">expm1</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return <a href="#-exp">exp</a>(x)-1.<br>
This function avoids the loss of precision involved in the direct evaluation of <a href="#-exp">exp</a>(x)-1 for small x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-fabs"><strong>fabs</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-fabs">fabs</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the absolute value of the float x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-factorial"><strong>factorial</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-factorial">factorial</a>(x) -> Integral<br>
<br>
Find x!. Raise a ValueError if x is negative or non-integral.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-floor"><strong>floor</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-floor">floor</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the floor of x as a float.<br>
This is the largest integral value <= x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-fmod"><strong>fmod</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-fmod">fmod</a>(x, y)<br>
<br>
Return <a href="#-fmod">fmod</a>(x, y), according to platform C. x % y may differ.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-frexp"><strong>frexp</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-frexp">frexp</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the mantissa and exponent of x, as pair (m, e).<br>
m is a float and e is an int, such that x = m * 2.**e.<br>
If x is 0, m and e are both 0. Else 0.5 <= abs(m) < 1.0.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-fsum"><strong>fsum</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-fsum">fsum</a>(iterable)<br>
<br>
Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable.<br>
Assumes IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-gamma"><strong>gamma</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-gamma">gamma</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Gamma function at x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-hypot"><strong>hypot</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-hypot">hypot</a>(x, y)<br>
<br>
Return the Euclidean distance, <a href="#-sqrt">sqrt</a>(x*x + y*y).</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-isinf"><strong>isinf</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-isinf">isinf</a>(x) -> bool<br>
<br>
Check if float x is infinite (positive or negative).</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-isnan"><strong>isnan</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-isnan">isnan</a>(x) -> bool<br>
<br>
Check if float x is not a number (NaN).</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-ldexp"><strong>ldexp</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-ldexp">ldexp</a>(x, i)<br>
<br>
Return x * (2**i).</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-lgamma"><strong>lgamma</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-lgamma">lgamma</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Natural logarithm of absolute value of Gamma function at x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-log"><strong>log</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-log">log</a>(x[, base])<br>
<br>
Return the logarithm of x to the given base.<br>
If the base not specified, returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-log10"><strong>log10</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-log10">log10</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the base 10 logarithm of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-log1p"><strong>log1p</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-log1p">log1p</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the natural logarithm of 1+x (base e).<br>
The result is computed in a way which is accurate for x near zero.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-modf"><strong>modf</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-modf">modf</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the fractional and integer parts of x. Both results carry the sign<br>
of x and are floats.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-pow"><strong>pow</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-pow">pow</a>(x, y)<br>
<br>
Return x**y (x to the power of y).</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-radians"><strong>radians</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-radians">radians</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Convert angle x from degrees to radians.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-sin"><strong>sin</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-sin">sin</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the sine of x (measured in radians).</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-sinh"><strong>sinh</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-sinh">sinh</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the hyperbolic sine of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-sqrt"><strong>sqrt</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-sqrt">sqrt</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the square root of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-tan"><strong>tan</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-tan">tan</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the tangent of x (measured in radians).</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-tanh"><strong>tanh</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-tanh">tanh</a>(x)<br>
<br>
Return the hyperbolic tangent of x.</tt></dd></dl>
<dl><dt><a name="-trunc"><strong>trunc</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="#-trunc">trunc</a>(x:Real) -> Integral<br>
<br>
Truncates x to the nearest Integral toward 0. Uses the __trunc__ magic method.</tt></dd></dl>
</td></tr></table><p>
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<td colspan=3 valign=bottom> <br>
<font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Data</strong></big></font></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#55aa55"><tt> </tt></td><td> </td>
<td width="100%"><strong>e</strong> = 2.718281828459045<br>
<strong>pi</strong> = 3.141592653589793</td></tr></table>
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