1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572
|
=pod
=head1 NAME
percona-toolkit - Advanced command-line tools for MySQL
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Percona Toolkit is a collection of advanced command-line tools used by
Percona (L<http://www.percona.com/>) support staff to perform a variety of
MySQL and system tasks that are too difficult or complex to perform manually.
These tools are ideal alternatives to private or "one-off" scripts because
they are professionally developed, formally tested, and fully documented.
They are also fully self-contained, so installation is quick and easy and
no libraries are installed.
Percona Toolkit is derived from Maatkit and Aspersa, two of the best-known
toolkits for MySQL server administration. It is developed and supported by
Percona. For more information and other free, open-source software
developed by Percona, visit L<http://www.percona.com/software/>.
=head1 TOOLS
This release of Percona Toolkit includes the following tools:
=over
=item pt-align
Align output from other tools to columns.
=item pt-archiver
Archive rows from a MySQL table into another table or a file.
=item pt-config-diff
Diff MySQL configuration files and server variables.
=item pt-deadlock-logger
Log MySQL deadlocks.
=item pt-diskstats
An interactive I/O monitoring tool for GNU/Linux.
=item pt-duplicate-key-checker
Find duplicate indexes and foreign keys on MySQL tables.
=item pt-fifo-split
Split files and pipe lines to a fifo without really splitting.
=item pt-find
Find MySQL tables and execute actions, like GNU find.
=item pt-fingerprint
Convert queries into fingerprints.
=item pt-fk-error-logger
Log MySQL foreign key errors.
=item pt-heartbeat
Monitor MySQL replication delay.
=item pt-index-usage
Read queries from a log and analyze how they use indexes.
=item pt-ioprofile
Watch process IO and print a table of file and I/O activity.
=item pt-kill
Kill MySQL queries that match certain criteria.
=item pt-mext
Look at many samples of MySQL C<SHOW GLOBAL STATUS> side-by-side.
=item pt-mysql-summary
Summarize MySQL information nicely.
=item pt-online-schema-change
ALTER tables without locking them.
=item pt-pmp
Aggregate GDB stack traces for a selected program.
=item pt-query-digest
Analyze MySQL queries from logs, processlist, and tcpdump.
=item pt-show-grants
Canonicalize and print MySQL grants so you can effectively replicate, compare and version-control them.
=item pt-sift
Browses files created by pt-stalk.
=item pt-slave-delay
Make a MySQL slave server lag behind its master.
=item pt-slave-find
Find and print replication hierarchy tree of MySQL slaves.
=item pt-slave-restart
Watch and restart MySQL replication after errors.
=item pt-stalk
Collect forensic data about MySQL when problems occur.
=item pt-summary
Summarize system information nicely.
=item pt-table-checksum
Verify MySQL replication integrity.
=item pt-table-sync
Synchronize MySQL table data efficiently.
=item pt-table-usage
Analyze how queries use tables.
=item pt-upgrade
Verify that query results are identical on different servers.
=item pt-variable-advisor
Analyze MySQL variables and advise on possible problems.
=item pt-visual-explain
Format EXPLAIN output as a tree.
=back
For more free, open-source software developed Percona, visit
L<http://www.percona.com/software/>.
=head1 SPECIAL OPTION TYPES
Tool options use standard types (C<int>, C<string>, etc.) as well as
these special types:
=over
=item time
Time values are seconds by default. For example, C<--run-time 60> means
60 seconds. Time values support an optional suffix: s (seconds),
m (minutes), h (hours), d (days). C<--run-time 1m> means 1 minute
(the same as 60 seconds).
=item size
Size values are bytes by default. For example, C<--disk-space-free 1024>
means 1 Kibibyte. Size values support an optional suffix: k (Kibibyte),
M (Mebibyte), G (Gibibyte).
=item DSN
See L<"DSN (DATA SOURCE NAME) SPECIFICATIONS">.
=item Hash, hash, Array, array
Hash, hash, Array, and array values are comma-separated lists of values.
For example, C<--ignore-tables foo,bar> ignores tables C<foo> and C<bar>.
=back
=head1 CONFIGURATION FILES
Percona Toolkit tools can read options from configuration files. The
configuration file syntax is simple and direct, and bears some resemblances
to the MySQL command-line client tools. The configuration files all follow
the same conventions.
Internally, what actually happens is that the lines are read from the file and
then added as command-line options and arguments to the tool, so just
think of the configuration files as a way to write your command lines.
=head2 SYNTAX
The syntax of the configuration files is as follows:
=over
=item *
Whitespace followed by a hash sign (#) signifies that the rest of the line is a
comment. This is deleted. For example:
=item *
Whitespace is stripped from the beginning and end of all lines.
=item *
Empty lines are ignored.
=item *
Each line is permitted to be in either of the following formats:
option
option=value
Do not prefix the option with C<-->. Do not quote the values, even if
it has spaces; value are literal. Whitespace around the equals sign is
deleted during processing.
=item *
Only long options are recognized.
=item *
A line containing only two hyphens signals the end of option parsing. Any
further lines are interpreted as additional arguments (not options) to the
program.
=back
=head2 EXAMPLE
This config file for pt-stalk,
# Config for pt-stalk
variable=Threads_connected
cycles=2 # trigger if problem seen twice in a row
--
--user daniel
is equivalent to this command line:
pt-stalk --variable Threads_connected --cycles 2 -- --user daniel
Options after C<--> are passed literally to mysql and mysqladmin.
=head2 READ ORDER
The tools read several configuration files in order:
=over
=item 1.
The global Percona Toolkit configuration file,
F</etc/percona-toolkit/percona-toolkit.conf>. All tools read this file,
so you should only add options to it that you want to apply to all tools.
=item 2.
The global tool-specific configuration file, F</etc/percona-toolkit/TOOL.conf>,
where C<TOOL> is a tool name like C<pt-query-digest>. This file is named
after the specific tool you're using, so you can add options that apply
only to that tool.
=item 3.
The user's own Percona Toolkit configuration file,
F<$HOME/.percona-toolkit.conf>. All tools read this file, so you should only
add options to it that you want to apply to all tools.
=item 4.
The user's tool-specific configuration file, F<$HOME/.TOOL.conf>,
where C<TOOL> is a tool name like C<pt-query-digest>. This file is named
after the specific tool you're using, so you can add options that apply
only to that tool.
=back
=head2 SPECIFYING
There is a special C<--config> option, which lets you specify which
configuration files Percona Toolkit should read. You specify a
comma-separated list of files. However, its behavior is not like other
command-line options. It must be given B<first> on the command line,
before any other options. If you try to specify it anywhere else, it will
cause an error. Also, you cannot specify C<--config=/path/to/file>;
you must specify the option and the path to the file separated by whitespace
I<without an equal sign> between them, like:
--config /path/to/file
If you don't want any configuration files at all, specify C<--config ''> to
provide an empty list of files.
=head1 DSN (DATA SOURCE NAME) SPECIFICATIONS
Percona Toolkit tools use DSNs to specify how to create a DBD connection to
a MySQL server. A DSN is a comma-separated string of C<key=value> parts, like:
h=host1,P=3306,u=bob
The standard key parts are shown below, but some tools add additional key
parts. See each tool's documentation for details.
Some tools do not use DSNs but still connect to MySQL using options like
C<--host>, C<--user>, and C<--password>. Such tools uses these options to
create a DSN automatically, behind the scenes.
Other tools uses both DSNs and options like the ones above. The options
provide defaults for all DSNs that do not specify the option's corresponding
key part. For example, if DSN C<h=host1> and option C<--port=12345> are
specified, then the tool automatically adds C<P=12345> to DSN.
=head2 ESCAPING VALUES
DSNs are usually specified on the command line, so shell quoting and escaping
must be taken into account. Special characters, like asterisk (C<*>), need
to be quoted and/or escaped properly to be passed as literal characters in
DSN values.
Since DSN parts are separated by commas, literal commas in DSN values must
be escaped with a single backslash (C<\>). And since a backslash is
the escape character for most shells, two backslashes are required to pass
a literal backslash. For example, if the username is literally C<my,name>,
it must be specified as C<my\\,name> on most shells. This applies to DSNs
and DSN-related options like C<--user>.
=head2 KEY PARTS
Many of the tools add more parts to DSNs for special purposes, and sometimes
override parts to make them do something slightly different. However, all the
tools support at least the following:
=over
=item A
Default character set for the connection (C<SET NAMES>).
Enables character set settings in Perl and MySQL. If the value is C<utf8>,
sets Perl's binmode on STDOUT to utf8, passes the C<mysql_enable_utf8> option
to DBD::mysql, and runs C<SET NAMES 'utf8'> after connecting to MySQL. Other
values set binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer and run C<SET NAMES> after
connecting to MySQL.
Unfortunately, there is no way from within Perl itself to specify the client
library's character set. C<SET NAMES> only affects the server; if the client
library's settings don't match, there could be problems. You can use the
defaults file to specify the client library's character set, however. See the
description of the F part below.
=item D
Default database to use when connecting. Tools may C<USE> a different
databases while running.
=item F
Defaults file for the MySQL client library (the C client library used by
DBD::mysql, I<not Percona Toolkit itself>). All tools all read the
C<[client]> section within the defaults file. If you omit this, the standard
defaults files will be read in the usual order. "Standard" varies from system
to system, because the filenames to read are compiled into the client library.
On Debian systems, for example, it's usually C</etc/mysql/my.cnf> then
C<~/.my.cnf>. If you place the following in C<~/.my.cnf>, you won't have
to specify your MySQL username and password on the command line:
[client]
user=your_user_name
pass=secret
Omitting the F part is usually the right thing to do. As long as you have
configured your C<~/.my.cnf> correctly, that will result in tools connecting
automatically without needing a username or password.
You can also specify a default character set in the defaults file. Unlike the
L<"A"> part described above, this will actually instruct the client library
(DBD::mysql) to change the character set it uses internally, which cannot be
accomplished any other way.
=item h
MySQL hostname or IP address to connect to.
=item L
Explicitly enable LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE.
For some reason, some vendors compile libmysql without the
--enable-local-infile option, which disables the statement. This can
lead to weird situations, like the server allowing LOCAL INFILE, but
the client throwing exceptions if it's used.
However, as long as the server allows LOAD DATA, clients can easily
re-enable it; see L<https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/load-data-local.html>
and L<http://search.cpan.org/~capttofu/DBD-mysql/lib/DBD/mysql.pm>.
This option does exactly that.
=item p
MySQL password to use when connecting.
=item P
Port number to use for the connection. Note that the usual special-case
behaviors apply: if you specify C<localhost> as your hostname on Unix systems,
the connection actually uses a socket file, not a TCP/IP connection, and thus
ignores the port.
=item S
MySQL socket file to use for the connection (on Unix systems).
=item u
MySQL username to use when connecting, if not current system user.
=back
=head2 BAREWORD
Many of the tools will let you specify a DSN as a single word, without any
C<key=value> syntax. This is called a 'bareword'. How this is handled is
tool-specific, but it is usually interpreted as the L<"h"> part. The tool's
C<--help> output will tell you the behavior for that tool.
=head2 PROPAGATION
Many tools will let you propagate values from one DSN to the next, so you don't
have to specify all the parts for each DSN. For example, if you want to specify
a username and password for each DSN, you can connect to three hosts as follows:
h=host1,u=fred,p=wilma host2 host3
This is tool-specific.
=head1 ENVIRONMENT
The environment variable C<PTDEBUG> enables verbose debugging output to STDERR.
To enable debugging and capture all output to a file, run the tool like:
PTDEBUG=1 pt-table-checksum ... > FILE 2>&1
Be careful: debugging output is voluminous and can generate several megabytes
of output.
=head1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Most tools require:
=over
=item * Perl v5.8 or newer
=item * Bash v3 or newer
=item * Core Perl modules like Time::HiRes
=back
Tools that connect to MySQL require:
=over
=item * Perl modules DBI and DBD::mysql
=item * MySQL 5.0 or newer
=back
Percona Toolkit officially supports and is tested on many popular Linux
distributions and MySQL 5.0 through 5.6; see http://goo.gl/srHm7 for the
list of supported platforms and versions.
=head1 IPv6 support
In order to support IPv6 addresses to connect to MySQL, Perl DBD::MySQL driver v4.033_01 is
required. Also, as stated in RFC 3986 L<https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt> section 3.2.2
brackes must be used to distinguish host and port.
Examples: L<https://metacpan.org/pod/DBD::mysql#port>
=head1 BUGS
Please report bugs at L<https://jira.percona.com>.
Include the following information in your bug report:
=over
=item * Complete command-line used to run the tool
=item * Tool C<--version>
=item * MySQL version of all servers involved
=item * Output from the tool including STDERR
=item * Input files (log/dump/config files, etc.)
=back
If possible, include debugging output by running the tool with C<PTDEBUG>;
see L<"ENVIRONMENT">.
=head1 AUTHORS
=over
=item Baron Schwartz
Baron created Maatkit, from which Percona Toolkit was forked. Many of
the tools and modules were originally written by Baron.
=item Daniel Nichter
Daniel has been the project's lead developer since 2008 until 2016.
=item Frank Cizmich
Frank was a full-time Percona Toolkit developer employed by Percona until 2016.
=item Carlos Salguero
Carlos has been the project's lead developer since 2016. He is hired by Percona.
=item Others
Many people have contributed code over the years. See each tool's
"AUTHORS" section for details.
=back
=head1 COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, AND WARRANTY
Percona Toolkit is copyright 2011-2020 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates, et al.
See each program's documentation for complete copyright notices.
THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License. On UNIX and similar
systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man perlartistic' to read these
licenses.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
=head1 VERSION
Percona Toolkit v3.2.1 released 2020-08-12
=cut
|