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<title>PartIV.Client Interfaces</title>
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="part" lang="en" id="client-interfaces">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="client-interfaces"></a>PartIV.Client Interfaces</h1></div></div></div>
<div class="partintro" lang="en" id="id675500">
<div></div>
<p> This part describes the client programming interfaces distributed
with <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>. Each of these chapters can be
read independently. Note that there are many other programming
interfaces for client programs that are distributed separately and
contain their own documentation (<a href="external-projects.html" title="AppendixH.External Projects">AppendixH, <i>External Projects</i></a>
lists some of the more popular ones). Readers of this part should be
familiar with using <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> commands to manipulate
and query the database (see <a href="sql.html" title="PartII.The SQL Language">PartII, “The SQL Language”</a>) and of course
with the programming language that the interface uses.
</p>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="libpq.html">28. <span class="application">libpq</span> - C Library</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq.html#libpq-connect">28.1. Database Connection Control Functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-status.html">28.2. Connection Status Functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-exec.html">28.3. Command Execution Functions</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-exec.html#libpq-exec-main">28.3.1. Main Functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-exec.html#libpq-exec-select-info">28.3.2. Retrieving Query Result Information</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-exec.html#libpq-exec-nonselect">28.3.3. Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-exec.html#libpq-exec-escape-string">28.3.4. Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-exec.html#libpq-exec-escape-bytea">28.3.5. Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-async.html">28.4. Asynchronous Command Processing</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-cancel.html">28.5. Cancelling Queries in Progress</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-fastpath.html">28.6. The Fast-Path Interface</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-notify.html">28.7. Asynchronous Notification</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-copy.html">28.8. Functions Associated with the <code class="command">COPY</code> Command</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-copy.html#libpq-copy-send">28.8.1. Functions for Sending <code class="command">COPY</code> Data</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-copy.html#libpq-copy-receive">28.8.2. Functions for Receiving <code class="command">COPY</code> Data</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="libpq-copy.html#libpq-copy-deprecated">28.8.3. Obsolete Functions for <code class="command">COPY</code></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-control.html">28.9. Control Functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-notice-processing.html">28.10. Notice Processing</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-envars.html">28.11. Environment Variables</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-pgpass.html">28.12. The Password File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-pgservice.html">28.13. The Connection Service File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-ssl.html">28.14. SSL Support</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-threading.html">28.15. Behavior in Threaded Programs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-build.html">28.16. Building <span class="application">libpq</span> Programs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="libpq-example.html">28.17. Example Programs</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="largeobjects.html">29. Large Objects</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="largeobjects.html#lo-history">29.1. History</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="lo-implementation.html">29.2. Implementation Features</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="lo-interfaces.html">29.3. Client Interfaces</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688137">29.3.1. Creating a Large Object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688296">29.3.2. Importing a Large Object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688332">29.3.3. Exporting a Large Object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688373">29.3.4. Opening an Existing Large Object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688554">29.3.5. Writing Data to a Large Object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688613">29.3.6. Reading Data from a Large Object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688670">29.3.7. Seeking in a Large Object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688732">29.3.8. Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688756">29.3.9. Closing a Large Object Descriptor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="lo-interfaces.html#id688805">29.3.10. Removing a Large Object</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="lo-funcs.html">29.4. Server-Side Functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="lo-examplesect.html">29.5. Example Program</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ecpg.html">30. <span class="application">ECPG</span> - Embedded <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> in C</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg.html#ecpg-concept">30.1. The Concept</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-connect.html">30.2. Connecting to the Database Server</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-disconnect.html">30.3. Closing a Connection</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-commands.html">30.4. Running SQL Commands</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-set-connection.html">30.5. Choosing a Connection</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-variables.html">30.6. Using Host Variables</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-variables.html#id689929">30.6.1. Overview</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-variables.html#id689971">30.6.2. Declare Sections</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-variables.html#id690062">30.6.3. <code class="command">SELECT INTO</code> and <code class="command">FETCH INTO</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-variables.html#id690170">30.6.4. Indicators</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-dynamic.html">30.7. Dynamic SQL</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-descriptors.html">30.8. Using SQL Descriptor Areas</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-errors.html">30.9. Error Handling</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-errors.html#id690723">30.9.1. Setting Callbacks</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-errors.html#id691022">30.9.2. sqlca</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="ecpg-errors.html#id691292">30.9.3. <code class="literal">SQLSTATE</code> vs <code class="literal">SQLCODE</code></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-include.html">30.10. Including Files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-process.html">30.11. Processing Embedded SQL Programs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-library.html">30.12. Library Functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ecpg-develop.html">30.13. Internals</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="information-schema.html">31. The Information Schema</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="information-schema.html#infoschema-schema">31.1. The Schema</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-datatypes.html">31.2. Data Types</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-information-schema-catalog-name.html">31.3. <code class="literal">information_schema_catalog_name</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-applicable-roles.html">31.4. <code class="literal">applicable_roles</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-check-constraints.html">31.5. <code class="literal">check_constraints</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-column-domain-usage.html">31.6. <code class="literal">column_domain_usage</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-column-privileges.html">31.7. <code class="literal">column_privileges</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-column-udt-usage.html">31.8. <code class="literal">column_udt_usage</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-columns.html">31.9. <code class="literal">columns</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-constraint-column-usage.html">31.10. <code class="literal">constraint_column_usage</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-constraint-table-usage.html">31.11. <code class="literal">constraint_table_usage</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-data-type-privileges.html">31.12. <code class="literal">data_type_privileges</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-domain-constraints.html">31.13. <code class="literal">domain_constraints</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-domain-udt-usage.html">31.14. <code class="literal">domain_udt_usage</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-domains.html">31.15. <code class="literal">domains</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-element-types.html">31.16. <code class="literal">element_types</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-enabled-roles.html">31.17. <code class="literal">enabled_roles</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-key-column-usage.html">31.18. <code class="literal">key_column_usage</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-parameters.html">31.19. <code class="literal">parameters</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-referential-constraints.html">31.20. <code class="literal">referential_constraints</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-column-grants.html">31.21. <code class="literal">role_column_grants</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-routine-grants.html">31.22. <code class="literal">role_routine_grants</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-table-grants.html">31.23. <code class="literal">role_table_grants</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-usage-grants.html">31.24. <code class="literal">role_usage_grants</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-routine-privileges.html">31.25. <code class="literal">routine_privileges</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-routines.html">31.26. <code class="literal">routines</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-schemata.html">31.27. <code class="literal">schemata</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-features.html">31.28. <code class="literal">sql_features</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-implementation-info.html">31.29. <code class="literal">sql_implementation_info</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-languages.html">31.30. <code class="literal">sql_languages</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-packages.html">31.31. <code class="literal">sql_packages</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-sizing.html">31.32. <code class="literal">sql_sizing</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-sizing-profiles.html">31.33. <code class="literal">sql_sizing_profiles</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-table-constraints.html">31.34. <code class="literal">table_constraints</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-table-privileges.html">31.35. <code class="literal">table_privileges</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-tables.html">31.36. <code class="literal">tables</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-triggers.html">31.37. <code class="literal">triggers</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-usage-privileges.html">31.38. <code class="literal">usage_privileges</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-view-column-usage.html">31.39. <code class="literal">view_column_usage</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-view-table-usage.html">31.40. <code class="literal">view_table_usage</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-views.html">31.41. <code class="literal">views</code></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div></body>
</html>
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