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<title>28.12.The Password File</title>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="libpq-pgpass"></a>28.12.The Password File</h2></div></div></div>
<a name="id686508"></a><a name="id686517"></a><p>The file <code class="filename">.pgpass</code> in a user's home directory or the
file referenced by <code class="envar">PGPASSFILE</code> can contain passwords to
be used if the connection requires a password (and no password has been
specified otherwise). On Microsoft Windows the file is named
<code class="filename">%APPDATA%\postgresql\pgpass.conf</code> (where
<code class="filename">%APPDATA%</code> refers to the Application Data subdirectory in
the user's profile).</p>
<p>This file should contain lines of the following format:
</p>
<pre class="synopsis"><em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>database</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em></pre>
<p>
Each of the first four fields may be a literal value, or <code class="literal">*</code>,
which matches anything. The password field from the first line that matches the
current connection parameters will be used. (Therefore, put more-specific
entries first when you are using wildcards.)
If an entry needs to contain <code class="literal">:</code> or
<code class="literal">\</code>, escape this character with <code class="literal">\</code>.
A hostname of <code class="literal">localhost</code> matches both <code class="literal">host</code> (TCP)
and <code class="literal">local</code> (Unix domain socket) connections coming from the
local machine.</p>
<p>The permissions on <code class="filename">.pgpass</code> must disallow any
access to world or group; achieve this by the command
<code class="command">chmod 0600 ~/.pgpass</code>.
If the permissions are less strict than this, the file will be ignored.
(The file permissions are not currently checked on Microsoft Windows,
however.)</p>
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