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<title>1.3.Conventions</title>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="notation"></a>1.3.Conventions</h2></div></div></div>
<p> This book uses the following typographical conventions to mark
certain portions of text: new terms, foreign phrases, and other
important passages are emphasized in <span class="emphasis"><em>italics</em></span>.
Everything that represents input or output of the computer, in
particular commands, program code, and screen output, is shown in a
monospaced font (<code class="literal">example</code>). Within such
passages, italics (<em class="replaceable"><code>example</code></em>) indicate
placeholders; you must insert an actual value instead of the placeholder.
On occasion, parts of program code are emphasized in bold face
(<span class="bold"><strong><code class="literal">example</code></strong></span>), if they have been
added or changed since the preceding example.
</p>
<p> The following conventions are used in the synopsis of a command:
brackets (<code class="literal">[</code> and <code class="literal">]</code>) indicate
optional parts. (In the synopsis of a Tcl command, question marks
(<code class="literal">?</code>) are used instead, as is usual in Tcl.) Braces
(<code class="literal">{</code> and <code class="literal">}</code>) and vertical lines
(<code class="literal">|</code>) indicate that you must choose one
alternative. Dots (<code class="literal">...</code>) mean that the preceding element
can be repeated.
</p>
<p> Where it enhances the clarity, SQL commands are preceded by the
prompt <code class="literal">=></code>, and shell commands are preceded by the
prompt <code class="literal">$</code>. Normally, prompts are not shown, though.
</p>
<p> An <em class="firstterm">administrator</em> is generally a person who is
in charge of installing and running the server. A <em class="firstterm">user</em>
could be anyone who is using, or wants to use, any part of the
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> system. These terms should not
be interpreted too narrowly; this book does not have fixed
presumptions about system administration procedures.
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