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<title>Chapter16.Operating System Environment</title>
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="chapter" lang="en" id="runtime">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
<a name="runtime"></a>Chapter16.Operating System Environment</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="runtime.html#postgres-user">16.1. The <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> User Account</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="creating-cluster.html">16.2. Creating a Database Cluster</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="postmaster-start.html">16.3. Starting the Database Server</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="postmaster-start.html#postmaster-start-failures">16.3.1. Server Start-up Failures</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="postmaster-start.html#client-connection-problems">16.3.2. Client Connection Problems</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="kernel-resources.html">16.4. Managing Kernel Resources</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="kernel-resources.html#sysvipc">16.4.1. Shared Memory and Semaphores</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="kernel-resources.html#id643652">16.4.2. Resource Limits</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="kernel-resources.html#id643848">16.4.3. Linux Memory Overcommit</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="postmaster-shutdown.html">16.5. Shutting Down the Server</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="encryption-options.html">16.6. Encryption Options</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ssl-tcp.html">16.7. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ssh-tunnels.html">16.8. Secure TCP/IP Connections with <span class="application">SSH</span> Tunnels</a></span></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<p> This chapter discusses how to set up and run the database server
and its interactions with the operating system.
</p>
<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="postgres-user"></a>16.1.The <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> User Account</h2></div></div></div>
<a name="id640555"></a><p> As with any other server daemon that is accessible to the outside world,
it is advisable to run <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> under a
separate user account. This user account should only own the data
that is managed by the server, and should not be shared with other
daemons. (For example, using the user <code class="literal">nobody</code> is a bad
idea.) It is not advisable to install executables owned by this
user because compromised systems could then modify their own
binaries.
</p>
<p> To add a Unix user account to your system, look for a command
<code class="command">useradd</code> or <code class="command">adduser</code>. The user
name <span class="systemitem">postgres</span> is often used, and is assumed
throughout this book, but you can use another name if you like.
</p>
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