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<html>
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<title>SQL Commands</title>
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="reference" lang="en" id="sql-commands">
<div class="titlepage">
<div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="sql-commands"></a>SQL Commands</h1></div></div>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="partintro" lang="en" id="id740249">
<div></div>
<p> This part contains reference information for the
<acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> commands supported by
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>. By “<span class="quote">SQL</span>” the
language in general is meant; information about the standards
conformance and compatibility of each command can be found on the
respective reference page.
</p>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-abort.html">ABORT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — abort the current transaction</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alteraggregate.html">ALTER AGGREGATE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of an aggregate function</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alterconversion.html">ALTER CONVERSION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a conversion</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alterdatabase.html">ALTER DATABASE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change a database</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alterdomain.html">ALTER DOMAIN</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a domain
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alterfunction.html">ALTER FUNCTION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a function</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-altergroup.html">ALTER GROUP</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change role name or membership</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alterindex.html">ALTER INDEX</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of an index</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alterlanguage.html">ALTER LANGUAGE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a procedural language</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alteroperator.html">ALTER OPERATOR</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of an operator</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alteropclass.html">ALTER OPERATOR CLASS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of an operator class</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alterrole.html">ALTER ROLE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change a database role</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alterschema.html">ALTER SCHEMA</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a schema</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-altersequence.html">ALTER SEQUENCE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a sequence generator
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-altertable.html">ALTER TABLE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a table</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-altertablespace.html">ALTER TABLESPACE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a tablespace</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-altertrigger.html">ALTER TRIGGER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a trigger</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-altertype.html">ALTER TYPE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change the definition of a type
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-alteruser.html">ALTER USER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change a database role</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-analyze.html">ANALYZE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — collect statistics about a database</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-begin.html">BEGIN</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — start a transaction block</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-checkpoint.html">CHECKPOINT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — force a transaction log checkpoint</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-close.html">CLOSE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — close a cursor</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-cluster.html">CLUSTER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — cluster a table according to an index</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-comment.html">COMMENT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define or change the comment of an object</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-commit.html">COMMIT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — commit the current transaction</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-commit-prepared.html">COMMIT PREPARED</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-copy.html">COPY</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — copy data between a file and a table</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createaggregate.html">CREATE AGGREGATE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new aggregate function</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createcast.html">CREATE CAST</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new cast</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createconstraint.html">CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new constraint trigger</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createconversion.html">CREATE CONVERSION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new encoding conversion</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createdatabase.html">CREATE DATABASE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — create a new database</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createdomain.html">CREATE DOMAIN</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new domain</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createfunction.html">CREATE FUNCTION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new function</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-creategroup.html">CREATE GROUP</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new database role</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createindex.html">CREATE INDEX</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new index</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createlanguage.html">CREATE LANGUAGE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new procedural language</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createoperator.html">CREATE OPERATOR</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new operator</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createopclass.html">CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new operator class</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createrole.html">CREATE ROLE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new database role</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createrule.html">CREATE RULE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new rewrite rule</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createschema.html">CREATE SCHEMA</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new schema</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createsequence.html">CREATE SEQUENCE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new sequence generator</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createtable.html">CREATE TABLE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new table</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createtableas.html">CREATE TABLE AS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new table from the results of a query</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createtablespace.html">CREATE TABLESPACE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new tablespace</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createtrigger.html">CREATE TRIGGER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new trigger</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createtype.html">CREATE TYPE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new data type</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createuser.html">CREATE USER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new database role</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-createview.html">CREATE VIEW</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new view</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-deallocate.html">DEALLOCATE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — deallocate a prepared statement</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-declare.html">DECLARE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a cursor</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-delete.html">DELETE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — delete rows of a table</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropaggregate.html">DROP AGGREGATE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove an aggregate function</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropcast.html">DROP CAST</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a cast</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropconversion.html">DROP CONVERSION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a conversion</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropdatabase.html">DROP DATABASE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a database</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropdomain.html">DROP DOMAIN</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a domain</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropfunction.html">DROP FUNCTION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a function</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropgroup.html">DROP GROUP</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a database role</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropindex.html">DROP INDEX</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove an index</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-droplanguage.html">DROP LANGUAGE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a procedural language</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropoperator.html">DROP OPERATOR</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove an operator</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropopclass.html">DROP OPERATOR CLASS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove an operator class</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-droprole.html">DROP ROLE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a database role</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-droprule.html">DROP RULE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a rewrite rule</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropschema.html">DROP SCHEMA</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a schema</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropsequence.html">DROP SEQUENCE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a sequence</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-droptable.html">DROP TABLE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a table</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-droptablespace.html">DROP TABLESPACE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a tablespace</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-droptrigger.html">DROP TRIGGER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a trigger</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-droptype.html">DROP TYPE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a data type</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropuser.html">DROP USER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a database role</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-dropview.html">DROP VIEW</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove a view</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-end.html">END</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — commit the current transaction</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-execute.html">EXECUTE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — execute a prepared statement</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-explain.html">EXPLAIN</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — show the execution plan of a statement</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-fetch.html">FETCH</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — retrieve rows from a query using a cursor</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-grant.html">GRANT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define access privileges</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-insert.html">INSERT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — create new rows in a table</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-listen.html">LISTEN</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — listen for a notification</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-load.html">LOAD</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — load or reload a shared library file</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-lock.html">LOCK</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — lock a table</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-move.html">MOVE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — position a cursor</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-notify.html">NOTIFY</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — generate a notification</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-prepare.html">PREPARE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — prepare a statement for execution</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-prepare-transaction.html">PREPARE TRANSACTION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-reindex.html">REINDEX</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — rebuild indexes</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-release-savepoint.html">RELEASE SAVEPOINT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — destroy a previously defined savepoint</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-reset.html">RESET</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-revoke.html">REVOKE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — remove access privileges</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-rollback.html">ROLLBACK</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — abort the current transaction</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-rollback-prepared.html">ROLLBACK PREPARED</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-rollback-to.html">ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — roll back to a savepoint</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-savepoint.html">SAVEPOINT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new savepoint within the current transaction</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-select.html">SELECT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — retrieve rows from a table or view</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-selectinto.html">SELECT INTO</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — define a new table from the results of a query</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-set.html">SET</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — change a run-time parameter</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-set-constraints.html">SET CONSTRAINTS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — set constraint checking modes for the current transaction</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-set-role.html">SET ROLE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — set the current user identifier of the current session</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-set-session-authorization.html">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-set-transaction.html">SET TRANSACTION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — set the characteristics of the current transaction</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-show.html">SHOW</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — show the value of a run-time parameter</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-start-transaction.html">START TRANSACTION</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — start a transaction block</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-truncate.html">TRUNCATE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — empty a table or set of tables</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-unlisten.html">UNLISTEN</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — stop listening for a notification</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-update.html">UPDATE</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — update rows of a table</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="refentrytitle"><a href="sql-vacuum.html">VACUUM</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div></body>
</html>
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