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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- $Revision: 298804 $ -->
<refentry xml:id="function.array-merge" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
<refnamediv>
<refname>array_merge</refname>
<refpurpose>Merge one or more arrays</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1 role="description">
&reftitle.description;
<methodsynopsis>
<type>array</type><methodname>array_merge</methodname>
<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter>array1</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>array</type><parameter>array2</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>array</type><parameter>...</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Merges the elements of one or more arrays together so that the values of
one are appended to the end of the previous one. It returns the resulting
array.
</para>
<para>
If the input arrays have the same string keys, then the later value for
that key will overwrite the previous one. If, however, the arrays
contain numeric keys, the later value will <emphasis
role="strong">not</emphasis> overwrite the original value, but will be
appended.
</para>
<para>
If all of the arrays contain only numeric keys, the resulting array
is given incrementing keys starting from zero.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="parameters">
&reftitle.parameters;
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>array1</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Initial array to merge.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>...</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Variable list of arrays to recursively merge.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="returnvalues">
&reftitle.returnvalues;
<para>
Returns the resulting array.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="changelog">
&reftitle.changelog;
<para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>&Version;</entry>
<entry>&Description;</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>5.0.0</entry>
<entry>
<warning>
<para>
The behavior of <function>array_merge</function> was modified in PHP 5. Unlike PHP 4, <function>array_merge</function>
now only accepts parameters of type <type>array</type>. However, you can use typecasting
to merge other types. See the example below for details.
</para>
<para>
<example>
<title><function>array_merge</function> PHP 5 example</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$beginning = 'foo';
$end = array(1 => 'bar');
$result = array_merge((array)$beginning, (array)$end);
print_r($result);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
&example.outputs;
<screen role="php">
<![CDATA[
Array
(
[0] => foo
[1] => bar
)
]]>
</screen>
</example>
</para>
</warning>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="examples">
&reftitle.examples;
<para>
<example>
<title><function>array_merge</function> example</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$array1 = array("color" => "red", 2, 4);
$array2 = array("a", "b", "color" => "green", "shape" => "trapezoid", 4);
$result = array_merge($array1, $array2);
print_r($result);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
&example.outputs;
<screen role="php">
<![CDATA[
Array
(
[color] => green
[0] => 2
[1] => 4
[2] => a
[3] => b
[shape] => trapezoid
[4] => 4
)
]]>
</screen>
</example>
</para>
<para>
<example>
<title>Simple <function>array_merge</function> example</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$array1 = array();
$array2 = array(1 => "data");
$result = array_merge($array1, $array2);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>
Don't forget that numeric keys will be renumbered!
</para>
<screen role="php">
<![CDATA[
Array
(
[0] => data
)
]]>
</screen>
<para>
If you want to append array elements from the second array to the
first array while not overwriting the elements from the first
array and not re-indexing, use the
<literal>+</literal> array union operator:
</para>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$array1 = array(0 => 'zero_a', 2 => 'two_a', 3 => 'three_a');
$array2 = array(1 => 'one_b', 3 => 'three_b', 4 => 'four_b');
$result = $array1 + $array2;
var_dump($result);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>
The keys from the first array will be preserved. If an array key
exists in both arrays, then the element from the first array will
be used and the matching key's element from the second array will
be ignored.
</para>
<screen role="php">
<![CDATA[
array(5) {
[0]=>
string(6) "zero_a"
[2]=>
string(5) "two_a"
[3]=>
string(7) "three_a"
[1]=>
string(5) "one_b"
[4]=>
string(6) "four_b"
}
]]>
</screen>
</example>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="seealso">
&reftitle.seealso;
<para>
<simplelist>
<member><function>array_merge_recursive</function></member>
<member><function>array_combine</function></member>
<member><link linkend="language.operators.array">array operators</link></member>
</simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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