File: else.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- $Revision$ -->

<sect1 xml:id="control-structures.else" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
 <title>else</title>
 <?phpdoc print-version-for="else"?>
 <para>
  Often you'd want to execute a statement if a certain condition is
  met, and a different statement if the condition is not met.  This
  is what <literal>else</literal> is for.  <literal>else</literal>
  extends an <literal>if</literal> statement to execute a statement
  in case the expression in the <literal>if</literal> statement
  evaluates to &false;.  For example, the following
  code would display <computeroutput>a is greater than
  b</computeroutput> if <varname>$a</varname> is greater than
  <varname>$b</varname>, and <computeroutput>a is NOT greater
  than b</computeroutput> otherwise:
  <informalexample>
   <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
if ($a > $b) {
  echo "a is greater than b";
} else {
  echo "a is NOT greater than b";
}
?>
]]>
   </programlisting>
  </informalexample>

  The <literal>else</literal> statement is only executed if the
  <literal>if</literal> expression evaluated to
  &false;, and if there were any
  <literal>elseif</literal> expressions - only if they evaluated to
  &false; as well (see <link
  linkend="control-structures.elseif">elseif</link>).

 </para>
 <note>
  <title>Dangling else</title>
  <para>
   In case of nested <literal>if</literal>-<literal>else</literal> statements,
   an <literal>else</literal> is always associated with the nearest <literal>if</literal>.
   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$a = false;
$b = true;
if ($a)
    if ($b)
        echo "b";
else
    echo "c";
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>
   Despite the indentation (which does not matter for PHP), the <literal>else</literal>
   is associated with the <literal>if ($b)</literal>, so the example does not produce
   any output. While relying on this behavior is valid, it is recommended to avoid
   it by using curly braces to resolve potential ambiguities.
  </para>
 </note>
</sect1>

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