<?php
namespace EasyRdf\Parser;

/**
 * EasyRdf
 *
 * LICENSE
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2012-2020 Nicholas J Humfrey.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the author 'Nicholas J Humfrey" may be used to endorse or
 *    promote products derived from this software without specific prior
 *    written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * @package    EasyRdf
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2009-2020 Nicholas J Humfrey
 *             Copyright (c) 1997-2006 Aduna (http://www.aduna-software.com/)
 * @license    https://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
 */
use EasyRdf\Graph;
use EasyRdf\ParsedUri;
use EasyRdf\Parser;
use EasyRdf\RdfNamespace;

/**
 * Class to parse RDFa 1.1 with no external dependancies.
 *
 * http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-core/
 *
 * @package    EasyRdf
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2012-2020 Nicholas J Humfrey
 * @license    https://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
 */
class Rdfa extends Parser
{
    const XML_NS = 'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace';
    const RDF_XML_LITERAL = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral';
    const TERM_REGEXP = '/^([a-zA-Z_])([0-9a-zA-Z_\.-]*)$/';

    public $debug = false;

    /**
     * Constructor
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
    }

    protected function addTriple($resource, $property, $value)
    {
        if ($this->debug) {
            print "Adding triple: $resource -> $property -> ".$value['type'].':'.$value['value']."\n";
        }
        $count = $this->graph->add($resource, $property, $value);
        $this->tripleCount += $count;
        return $count;
    }

    protected function generateList($subject, $property, $list)
    {
        $current = $subject;
        $prop = $property;

        // Output a blank node for each item in the list
        foreach ($list as $item) {
            $newNode = $this->graph->newBNodeId();
            $this->addTriple($current, $prop, array('type' => 'bnode', 'value' => $newNode));
            $this->addTriple($newNode, 'rdf:first', $item);

            $current = $newNode;
            $prop = 'rdf:rest';
        }

        // Finally, terminate the list
        $this->addTriple(
            $current,
            $prop,
            array('type' => 'uri', 'value' => RdfNamespace::expand('rdf:nil'))
        );
    }

    protected function addToList($listMapping, $property, $value)
    {
        if ($this->debug) {
            print "Adding to list: $property -> ".$value['type'].':'.$value['value']."\n";
        }

        // Create property in the list mapping if it doesn't already exist
        if (!isset($listMapping->$property)) {
            $listMapping->$property = array();
        }
        array_push($listMapping->$property, $value);
    }

    protected function printNode($node, $depth)
    {
        $indent = str_repeat('  ', $depth);
        print $indent;
        switch ($node->nodeType) {
            case XML_ELEMENT_NODE:
                print 'node';
                break;
            case XML_ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
                print 'attr';
                break;
            case XML_TEXT_NODE:
                print 'text';
                break;
            case XML_CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
                print 'cdata';
                break;
            case XML_ENTITY_REF_NODE:
                print 'entref';
                break;
            case XML_ENTITY_NODE:
                print 'entity';
                break;
            case XML_PI_NODE:
                print 'pi';
                break;
            case XML_COMMENT_NODE:
                print 'comment';
                break;
            case XML_DOCUMENT_NODE:
                print 'doc';
                break;
            case XML_DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:
                print 'doctype';
                break;
            case XML_HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE:
                print 'html';
                break;
            default:
                throw new \EasyRdf\Exception("unknown node type: ".$node->nodeType);
                break;
        }
        print ' '.$node->nodeName."\n";

        if ($node->hasAttributes()) {
            foreach ($node->attributes as $attr) {
                print $indent.' '.$attr->nodeName." => ".$attr->nodeValue."\n";
            }
        }
    }

    protected function guessTimeDatatype($value)
    {
        if (preg_match('/^-?\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}(Z|[\-\+]\d{2}:\d{2})?$/', $value)) {
            return 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date';
        } elseif (preg_match('/^\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(Z|[\-\+]\d{2}:\d{2})?$/', $value)) {
            return 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#time';
        } elseif (preg_match('/^-?\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(Z|[\-\+]\d{2}:\d{2})?$/', $value)) {
            return 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime';
        } elseif (preg_match('/^P(\d+Y)?(\d+M)?(\d+D)?T?(\d+H)?(\d+M)?(\d+S)?$/', $value)) {
            return 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#duration';
        } elseif (preg_match('/^\d{4}$/', $value)) {
            return 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear';
        } elseif (preg_match('/^\d{4}-\d{2}$/', $value)) {
            return 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYearMonth';
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    protected function initialContext()
    {
        $context = array(
            'prefixes' => array(),
            'vocab' => null,
            'subject' => $this->baseUri,
            'property' => null,
            'object' => null,
            'terms' => array(),
            'incompleteRels' => array(),
            'incompleteRevs' => array(),
            'listMapping' => null,
            'lang' => null,
            'path' => '',
            'xmlns' => array(),
        );

        // Set the default prefix
        $context['prefixes'][''] = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#';

        // RDFa 1.1 default term mapping
        $context['terms']['describedby'] = 'http://www.w3.org/2007/05/powder-s#describedby';
        $context['terms']['license'] = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#license';
        $context['terms']['role'] = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#role';

        return $context;
    }

    protected function expandCurie($node, &$context, $value)
    {
        if (preg_match('/^(\w*?):(.*)$/', $value, $matches)) {
            list (, $prefix, $local) = $matches;
            $prefix = strtolower($prefix);
            if ($prefix === '_') {
                // It is a bnode
                return $this->remapBnode(substr($value, 2));
            } elseif (empty($prefix) and $context['vocab']) {
                // Empty prefix
                return $context['vocab'] . $local;
            } elseif (isset($context['prefixes'][$prefix])) {
                return $context['prefixes'][$prefix] . $local;
            } elseif ($uri = $node->lookupNamespaceURI($prefix)) {
                return $uri . $local;
            } elseif (!empty($prefix) and $uri = RdfNamespace::get($prefix)) {
                // Expand using well-known prefixes
                return $uri . $local;
            }
        }
    }

    protected function processUri($node, &$context, $value, $isProp = false)
    {
        if (preg_match('/^\[(.*)\]$/', $value, $matches)) {
            // Safe CURIE
            return $this->expandCurie($node, $context, $matches[1]);
        } elseif (preg_match(self::TERM_REGEXP, $value) and $isProp) {
            $term = strtolower($value);
            if ($context['vocab']) {
                return $context['vocab'] . $value;
            } elseif (isset($context['terms'][$term])) {
                return $context['terms'][$term];
            }
        } elseif (substr($value, 0, 2) === '_:' and $isProp) {
            return null;
        } else {
            $uri = $this->expandCurie($node, $context, $value);
            if ($uri) {
                return $uri;
            } else {
                $parsed = new ParsedUri($value);
                if ($parsed->isAbsolute()) {
                    return $value;
                } elseif ($isProp) {
                    // Properties can't be relative URIs
                    return null;
                } elseif ($this->baseUri) {
                    return $this->baseUri->resolve($parsed);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    protected function processUriList($node, $context, $values)
    {
        if (!$values) {
            return array();
        }

        $uris = array();
        foreach (preg_split('/\s+/', $values) as $value) {
            $uri = $this->processUri($node, $context, $value, true);
            if ($uri) {
                array_push($uris, $uri);
            }
        }
        return $uris;
    }

    protected function getUriAttribute($node, &$context, $attributes)
    {
        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
            $attributes = array($attributes);
        }

        // Find the first attribute that returns a valid URI
        foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
            if ($node->hasAttribute($attribute)) {
                $value = $node->getAttribute($attribute);
                $uri = $this->processUri($node, $context, $value);
                if ($uri) {
                    return $uri;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    protected function processNode($node, &$context, $depth = 1)
    {
        if ($this->debug) {
            $this->printNode($node, $depth);
        }

        // Step 1: establish local variables
        $skip = false;
        $subject = null;
        $typedResource = null;
        $object = null;
        $lang = $context['lang'];
        $incompleteRels = array();
        $incompleteRevs = array();

        if ($node->nodeType === XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {
            $context['path'] .= '/' . $node->nodeName;

            $content = $node->hasAttribute('content') ? $node->getAttribute('content') : null;
            $datatype = $node->hasAttribute('datatype') ? $node->getAttribute('datatype') : null;
            $property = $node->getAttribute('property') ? $node->getAttribute('property') : null;
            $typeof = $node->getAttribute('typeof') ? $node->getAttribute('typeof') : null;

            // Step 2: Default vocabulary
            if ($node->hasAttribute('vocab')) {
                $context['vocab'] = $node->getAttribute('vocab');
                if ($context['vocab']) {
                    $this->addTriple(
                        $this->baseUri,
                        'rdfa:usesVocabulary',
                        array('type' => 'uri', 'value' => $context['vocab'])
                    );
                }
            }

            // Step 3: Set prefix mappings
            // Support for deprecated xmlns if present in document
            foreach ($context['xmlns'] as $prefix => $uri) {
                if ($node->hasAttribute('xmlns:' . $prefix)) {
                    $context['prefixes'][$prefix] = $node->getAttribute('xmlns:' . $prefix);
                    if ($this->debug) {
                        print "Prefix (xmlns): $prefix => $uri\n";
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($node->hasAttribute('prefix')) {
                $mappings = preg_split('/\s+/', $node->getAttribute('prefix'));
                while (count($mappings)) {
                    $prefix = strtolower(array_shift($mappings));
                    $uri = array_shift($mappings);

                    if (substr($prefix, -1) === ':') {
                        $prefix = substr($prefix, 0, -1);
                    } else {
                        continue;
                    }

                    if ($prefix === '_') {
                        continue;
                    } elseif (!empty($prefix)) {
                        $context['prefixes'][$prefix] = $uri;
                        if ($this->debug) {
                            print "Prefix: $prefix => $uri\n";
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // Step 4
            if ($node->hasAttributeNS(self::XML_NS, 'lang')) {
                $lang = $node->getAttributeNS(self::XML_NS, 'lang');
            } elseif ($node->hasAttribute('lang')) {
                $lang = $node->getAttribute('lang');
            }

            // HTML+RDFa 1.1: ignore rel and rev unless they contain CURIEs.
            foreach (array('rel', 'rev') as $attr) {
                if ($node->hasAttribute('property') and $node->hasAttribute($attr)) {
                    // Quick check in case there are no CURIEs to deal with.
                    if (strpos($node->getAttribute($attr), ':') === false) {
                        $node->removeAttribute($attr);
                    } else {
                        // Only keep CURIEs.
                        $curies = array();
                        foreach (preg_split('/\s+/', $node->getAttribute($attr)) as $token) {
                            if (strpos($token, ':')) {
                                $curies[] = $token;
                            }
                        }
                        $node->setAttribute($attr, implode(' ', $curies));
                    }
                }
            }

            $rels = $this->processUriList($node, $context, $node->getAttribute('rel'));
            $revs = $this->processUriList($node, $context, $node->getAttribute('rev'));

            if (!$node->hasAttribute('rel') and !$node->hasAttribute('rev')) {
                // Step 5: Establish a new subject if no rel/rev
                if ($property and is_null($content) and is_null($datatype)) {
                    $subject = $this->getUriAttribute($node, $context, 'about');
                    if ($typeof and !$subject) {
                        $typedResource = $this->getUriAttribute(
                            $node,
                            $context,
                            array('resource', 'href', 'src')
                        );
                        if (!$typedResource) {
                            $typedResource = $this->graph->newBNodeId();
                        }
                        $object = $typedResource;
                    }
                } else {
                    $subject = $this->getUriAttribute(
                        $node,
                        $context,
                        array('about', 'resource', 'href', 'src')
                    );
                }

                // Establish a subject if there isn't one
                # FIXME: refactor this
                if (is_null($subject)) {
                    if ($context['path'] === '/html/head') {
                        $subject = $context['object'];
                    } elseif ($depth <= 2) {
                        $subject = $this->baseUri;
                    } elseif ($typeof and !$property) {
                        $subject = $this->graph->newBNodeId();
                    } else {
                        if (!$property) {
                            $skip = true;
                        }
                        $subject = $context['object'];
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // Step 6
                // If the current element does contain a @rel or @rev attribute, then the next step is to
                // establish both a value for new subject and a value for current object resource:

                $subject = $this->getUriAttribute($node, $context, 'about');

                $object = $this->getUriAttribute(
                    $node,
                    $context,
                    array('resource', 'href', 'src')
                );

                if ($typeof) {
                    if (!$object and !$subject) {
                        $object = $this->graph->newBNodeId();
                    }
                    $typedResource = $subject ? $subject : $object;
                }

                # FIXME: if the element is the root element of the document
                # then act as if there is an empty @about present
                if (!$subject) {
                    $subject = $context['object'];
                }
            }

            # FIXME: better place for this?
            if ($typeof and $subject and !$typedResource) {
                $typedResource = $subject;
            }

            // Step 7: Process @typeof if there is a subject
            if ($typedResource) {
                foreach ($this->processUriList($node, $context, $typeof) as $type) {
                    $this->addTriple(
                        $typedResource,
                        'rdf:type',
                        array('type' => 'uri', 'value' => $type)
                    );
                }
            }

            // Step 8: Create new List mapping if the subject has changed
            if ($subject and $subject !== $context['subject']) {
                $listMapping = new \stdClass();
            } else {
                $listMapping = $context['listMapping'];
            }

            // Step 9: Generate triples with given object
            if ($subject and $object) {
                foreach ($rels as $prop) {
                    $obj = array('type' => 'uri', 'value' => $object);
                    if ($node->hasAttribute('inlist')) {
                        $this->addToList($listMapping, $prop, $obj);
                    } else {
                        $this->addTriple($subject, $prop, $obj);
                    }
                }

                foreach ($revs as $prop) {
                    $this->addTriple(
                        $object,
                        $prop,
                        array('type' => 'uri', 'value' => $subject)
                    );
                }
            } elseif ($rels or $revs) {
                // Step 10: Incomplete triples and bnode creation
                $object = $this->graph->newBNodeId();
                if ($rels) {
                    if ($node->hasAttribute('inlist')) {
                        foreach ($rels as $prop) {
                            # FIXME: add support for incomplete lists
                            if (!isset($listMapping->$prop)) {
                                $listMapping->$prop = array();
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        $incompleteRels = $rels;
                        if ($this->debug) {
                            print "Incomplete rels: ".implode(',', $rels)."\n";
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($revs) {
                    $incompleteRevs = $revs;
                    if ($this->debug) {
                        print "Incomplete revs: ".implode(',', $revs)."\n";
                    }
                }
            }

            // Step 11: establish current property value
            if ($subject and $property) {
                $value = array();

                if ($datatype) {
                    $datatype = $this->processUri($node, $context, $datatype, true);
                }

                if ($content !== null) {
                    $value['value'] = $content;
                } elseif ($node->hasAttribute('datetime')) {
                    $value['value'] = $node->getAttribute('datetime');
                    $datetime = true;
                } elseif ($datatype === '') {
                    $value['value'] = $node->textContent;
                } elseif ($datatype === self::RDF_XML_LITERAL) {
                    $value['value'] = '';
                    foreach ($node->childNodes as $child) {
                        $value['value'] .= $child->C14N();
                    }
                } elseif (is_null($datatype) and empty($rels) and empty($revs)) {
                    $value['value'] = $this->getUriAttribute(
                        $node,
                        $context,
                        array('resource', 'href', 'src')
                    );

                    if ($value['value']) {
                        $value['type'] = 'uri';
                    }
                }

                if (empty($value['value']) and $typedResource and !$node->hasAttribute('about')) {
                    $value['type'] = 'uri';
                    $value['value'] = $typedResource;
                }

                if (empty($value['value'])) {
                    $value['value'] = $node->textContent;
                }

                if (empty($value['type'])) {
                    $value['type'] = 'literal';
                    if ($datatype) {
                        $value['datatype'] = $datatype;
                    } elseif (isset($datetime) or $node->nodeName === 'time') {
                        $value['datatype'] = $this->guessTimeDatatype($value['value']);
                    }

                    if (empty($value['datatype']) and $lang) {
                        $value['lang'] = $lang;
                    }
                }

                // Add each of the properties
                foreach ($this->processUriList($node, $context, $property) as $prop) {
                    if ($node->hasAttribute('inlist')) {
                        $this->addToList($listMapping, $prop, $value);
                    } elseif ($subject) {
                        $this->addTriple($subject, $prop, $value);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Step 12: Complete the incomplete triples from the evaluation context
            if (!$skip and $subject and ($context['incompleteRels'] or $context['incompleteRevs'])) {
                foreach ($context['incompleteRels'] as $prop) {
                    $this->addTriple(
                        $context['subject'],
                        $prop,
                        array('type' => 'uri', 'value' => $subject)
                    );
                }

                foreach ($context['incompleteRevs'] as $prop) {
                    $this->addTriple(
                        $subject,
                        $prop,
                        array('type' => 'uri', 'value' => $context['subject'])
                    );
                }
            }
        }

        // Step 13: create a new evaluation context and proceed recursively
        if ($node->hasChildNodes()) {
            if ($skip) {
                $newContext = $context;
            } else {
                // Prepare a new evaluation context
                $newContext = $context;
                if ($object) {
                    $newContext['object'] = $object;
                } elseif ($subject) {
                    $newContext['object'] = $subject;
                } else {
                    $newContext['object'] = $context['subject'];
                }
                if ($subject) {
                    $newContext['subject'] = $subject;
                }
                $newContext['incompleteRels'] = $incompleteRels;
                $newContext['incompleteRevs'] = $incompleteRevs;
                if (isset($listMapping)) {
                    $newContext['listMapping'] = $listMapping;
                }
            }

            // The language is always updated, even if skip is set
            $newContext['lang'] = $lang;

            foreach ($node->childNodes as $child) {
                if ($child->nodeType === XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {
                    $this->processNode($child, $newContext, $depth+1);
                }
            }
        }

        // Step 14: create triples for lists
        if (!empty($listMapping)) {
            foreach ($listMapping as $prop => $list) {
                if ($context['listMapping'] !== $listMapping) {
                    if ($this->debug) {
                        print "Need to create triples for $prop => ".count($list)." items\n";
                    }
                    $this->generateList($subject, $prop, $list);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Parse RDFa 1.1 into an EasyRdf\Graph
     *
     * @param Graph  $graph   the graph to load the data into
     * @param string $data    the RDF document data
     * @param string $format  the format of the input data
     * @param string $baseUri the base URI of the data being parsed
     *
     * @throws \EasyRdf\Exception
     * @return integer             The number of triples added to the graph
     */
    public function parse($graph, $data, $format, $baseUri)
    {
        parent::checkParseParams($graph, $data, $format, $baseUri);

        if ($format != 'rdfa') {
            throw new \EasyRdf\Exception(
                "EasyRdf\\Parser\\Rdfa does not support: {$format}"
            );
        }

        // Initialise evaluation context.
        $context = $this->initialContext();

        libxml_use_internal_errors(true);

        // Parse the document into DOM
        $doc = new \DOMDocument();
        // Attempt to parse the document as strict XML, and fall back to HTML
        // if XML parsing fails.
        if ($doc->loadXML($data, LIBXML_NONET)) {
            if ($this->debug) {
                print "Document was parsed as XML.";
            }
            // Collect all xmlns namespaces defined throughout the document.
            $sxe = simplexml_import_dom($doc);
            $context['xmlns'] = $sxe->getDocNamespaces(true);
            unset($context['xmlns']['']);
        } else {
            $doc->loadHTML($data);
            if ($this->debug) {
                print "Document was parsed as HTML.";
            }
        }

        // Establish the base for both XHTML and HTML documents.
        $xpath = new \DOMXPath($doc);
        $xpath->registerNamespace('xh', "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml");
        $nodeList = $xpath->query('/xh:html/xh:head/xh:base');
        if ($node = $nodeList->item(0) and $href = $node->getAttribute('href')) {
            $this->baseUri = new ParsedUri($href);
        }
        $nodeList = $xpath->query('/html/head/base');
        if ($node = $nodeList->item(0) and $href = $node->getAttribute('href')) {
            $this->baseUri = new ParsedUri($href);
        }

        // Remove the fragment from the base URI
        $this->baseUri->setFragment(null);

        // Recursively process XML nodes
        $this->processNode($doc, $context);

        return $this->tripleCount;
    }
}