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<reference id="ref.http">
<title>Functions related to HTTP</title>
<titleabbrev>HTTP</titleabbrev>
<partintro>
<simpara>
These functions let you manipulate the output sent back to the
remote browser right down to the HTTP protocol level.
</partintro>
<refentry id="function.header">
<refnamediv>
<refname>header</refname>
<refpurpose>Send a raw HTTP header</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcdef>int <function>header</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>string <parameter>string</parameter></paramdef>
</funcsynopsis>
<para>
The <function>Header</function> function is used at the top of an
<acronym>HTML</acronym> file to send raw <acronym>HTTP</acronym>
header strings. See the <ulink url="&spec.http1.1;">HTTP 1.1
Specification</ulink> for more information on raw http headers.
<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> Remember that the
<function>Header</function> function must be called before any actual
output is sent either by normal HTML tags or from PHP. It is a very
common error to read code with <function>include</function> or with
auto_prepend and have spaces or empty lines in this code that force
output before <function>header</function> is called.
<para>
<informalexample><programlisting role=php>
Header("Location: http://www.php.net"); /* Redirect browser to PHP web site */
exit; /* Make sure that code below does not get executed when we redirect. */
</programlisting></informalexample>
<para>
PHP scripts often generate dynamic HTML that must not be cached
by the client browser or any proxy caches between the server and the
client browser. Many proxies and clients can be forced to disable
caching with
<informalexample><programlisting role=php>
header("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT"); // Date in the past
header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . "GMT"); // always modified
header("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate"); // HTTP/1.1
header("Pragma: no-cache"); // HTTP/1.0
</programlisting></informalexample>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.setcookie">
<refnamediv>
<refname>setcookie</refname>
<refpurpose>Send a cookie</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcdef>int <function>setcookie</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>string <parameter>name</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>string <parameter>value</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>expire</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>string <parameter>path</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>string <parameter>domain</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>secure</parameter></paramdef>
</funcsynopsis>
<para>
<function>SetCookie</function> defines a cookie to be sent along
with the rest of the header information. All the arguments
except the <parameter>name</parameter> argument are optional. If
only the name argument is present, the cookie by that name will
be deleted from the remote client. You may also replace any
argument with an empty string (<emphasis>""</emphasis>)
in order to skip that argument. The
<parameter>expire</parameter> and <parameter>secure</parameter>
arguments are integers and cannot be skipped with an empty
string. Use a zero (<emphasis>0</emphasis>) instead. The
<parameter>expire</parameter> argument is a regular Unix time
integer as returned by the <function>time</function> or
<function>mktime</function> functions. The
<parameter>secure</parameter> indicates that the cookie should
only be transmitted over a secure HTTPS connection. Some
examples follow:
<example>
<title>SetCookie examples</title>
<programlisting role=php>
SetCookie("TestCookie","Test Value");
SetCookie("TestCookie",$value,time()+3600); /* expire in 1 hour */
SetCookie("TestCookie",$value,time()+3600,"/~rasmus/",".utoronto.ca",1);
</programlisting></example>
<para>
Note that the value portion of the cookie will automatically be
urlencoded when you send the cookie, and when it is received, it
is automatically decoded and assigned to a variable by the same
name as the cookie name. ie. to see the contents of our test
cookie in a script, simply do:
<informalexample><programlisting role=php>
echo $TestCookie;
</programlisting></informalexample>
<para>
For more information on cookies, see Netscape's cookie
specification at <ulink url="&spec.cookies;">&spec.cookies;</ulink>.
</refsect1>
</refentry>
</reference>
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