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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
<!-- Generated by xml_proto.php v2.1. Found in /scripts directory of phpdoc. -->
<refentry id="function.PDOStatement-bindParam">
<refnamediv>
<refname>PDOStatement::bindParam</refname>
<refpurpose>
Binds a parameter to the specified variable name
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1 role="description">
&reftitle.description;
<methodsynopsis>
<type>bool</type><methodname>PDOStatement::bindParam</methodname>
<methodparam><type>mixed</type><parameter>parameter</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>mixed</type><parameter role="reference">variable</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>data_type</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>length</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
&warn.experimental.func;
<para>
Binds an SQL statement parameter to the specified variable name. The SQL statement
parameter can either be a named placeholder or a question mark placeholder.
</para>
<para>
Output parameters will set the value of the bound PHP variable to the value
returned by the database when the SQL statement is executed. This enables you
to call stored procedures with output or input/output parameters, for example,
for databases that support such features.
</para>
<para>
For non-NULL input-only variables, you can pass an array of input values to
<function>PDOStatement::execute</function> instead.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="parameters">
&reftitle.parameters;
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parameter</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Parameter identifier. For a prepared statement using named
placeholders, this will be a parameter name of the form
<varname>:name</varname>. For a prepared statement using
question mark placeholders, this will be the 1-indexed position of
the parameter.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>variable</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Name of the PHP variable to bind to the SQL statement parameter.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>data_type</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Explicit data type for the parameter using the PDO_PARAM_*
constants. To return an INOUT parameter from a stored procedure,
use the bitwise OR operator to set the PDO_PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT bits
for the <parameter>data_type</parameter> parameter.
</para>
<para>
To pass a NULL value as an input parameter, declare the
PDO_PARAM_NULL constant.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>length</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Length of the data type. To indicate that a parameter is an OUT
parameter from a stored procedure, you must explicitly set the
length.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="examples">
&reftitle.examples;
<example><title>Execute a prepared statement with named placeholders</title>
<programlisting role='php'>
<![CDATA[
<?php
/* Execute a prepared statement by binding PHP variables */
$calories = 150;
$colour = 'red';
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT name, colour, calories
FROM fruit
WHERE calories < :calories AND colour = :colour');
$sth->bindParam(':calories', $calories, PDO_PARAM_INT);
$sth->bindParam(':colour', $colour, PDO_PARAM_STR, 12);
$sth->execute();
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
<example><title>Execute a prepared statement with question mark placeholders</title>
<programlisting role='php'>
<![CDATA[
<?php
/* Execute a prepared statement by binding PHP variables */
$calories = 150;
$colour = 'red';
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT name, colour, calories
FROM fruit
WHERE calories < ? AND colour = ?');
$sth->bindParam(1, $calories, PDO_PARAM_INT);
$sth->bindParam(2, $colour, PDO_PARAM_STR, 12);
$sth->execute();
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
<example><title>Pass a NULL value into a prepared statement</title>
<programlisting role='php'>
<![CDATA[
<?php
/* Execute a prepared statement by binding PHP variables */
$calories = 150;
$colour = 'red';
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT name, colour, calories
FROM fruit
WHERE calories < :calories AND colour = :colour');
$sth->bindParam(':calories', $calories, PDO_PARAM_INT);
/* Find fruit with a NULL value in the colour column */
$sth->bindParam(':colour', $colour, PDO_PARAM_NULL);
$sth->execute();
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
<example><title>Call a stored procedure with an INOUT parameter</title>
<programlisting role='php'>
<![CDATA[
<?php
/* Call a stored procedure with an INOUT parameter */
$colour = 'red';
$sth = $dbh->prepare('CALL puree_fruit(?)');
$sth->bindParam(1, $colour, PDO_PARAM_STR|PDO_PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT, 12);
$sth->execute();
print("After pureeing fruit, the colour is: $colour");
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="seealso">
&reftitle.seealso;
<para>
<simplelist>
<member><function>PDO::prepare</function></member>
<member><function>PDOStatement::execute</function></member>
</simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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