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Assembler for Microchip PIC16Cxx microcontrollers
-------------------------------------------------
version 1.06
Copyright 1995-1998 by Timo Rossi. All rights reserved.
See the file "LICENSE" for more information about redistribution
conditions.
Suggestions and bug reports are welcome.
Timo Rossi
email: trossi@iki.fi
www: http://www.iki.fi/trossi/pic/
The code is (mostly) ANSI-C, and should compile with most
platforms (It does assume that negative integers are
stored in two's complement representation) And it
uses the strcasecmp() or stricmp() function)
Command line usage:
picasm [-o<objname>] [-l<listfile>] [-ihx8m] [-ihx16]
[-pic<device>] <filename>
Options:
-o<filename> Define output file name.
Default is <source_without_ext>.hex
-l<listfile> Enable listing. Default listing
file name is <source_without_ext>.lst
-s Includes symbol table in listing.
Does nothing if listing is not enabled.
-w<warnlevel> Give more warnings. If <warnlevel> is omitted,
one is assumed. Level two warns also
about tris/option instructions on 14-bit PICs.
-ihx8m IHX8M output format (default).
-ihx16 IHX16 output format.
-pic<device> select PIC device
(12c508, 12c509, 12c671, 12c672, 16c52, 16c54(a), 16c55, 16c56, 16c57,
16c58a, 16c61, 16c62(a), 16c63, 16c64(a), 16c65(a), 16c66, 16c67,
16c71, 16c710, 16c711, 16c715, 16c72, 16c73(a), 16c74(a), 16c83, 16c84,
16f84 16c620, 16c621, 16c622, 16c554(a), 16c556a, 16c558(a), 14000)
This is a single-pass assembler, forward gotos/calls are patched
at the end of the assembly (only single labels are accepted in
that case, otherwise expressions can be used too)
In current versions forward references can also be used
with movlw, addlw and retlw (only the low 8 bits of an address are used)
Expressions can have the following elements:
(from highest precedence to the lowest)
integer constants
symbols
(<expression>)
. (or $) current location
defined(symbol) -- TRUE (-1) if symbol is defined else FALSE (0)
streq("str1","str2") -- TRUE if strings are identical.
isstr(arg) -- TRUE is argument is a quoted string
chrval("str", pos) -- Returns ASCII character code from the string.
position range is from 0 to string length-1.
If position is out of range, returns -1.
[expr1 expr2 ... exprn] -- the same as (1<<expr1) | (1<<expr2) ...
(builds a number by setting individual bits)
- unary minus
~ bitwise not
* multiply
/ divide
% modulo/remainder
& bitwise and
+ add
- subtract
| bitwise or
^ bitwise exclusive or
<< shift left
>> shift right
== equal
!= <> not equal
< less than
<= =< less or equal than
> greater than
>= => greater or equal than
The compare operators return TRUE (-1) or FALSE (0)
(they are useful with conditional assembly)
Expressions are evaluated as 32-bit integers (or whatever size 'long' is).
hex numbers: 0x<digits>, h'<digits>', $<digits>
or <digits>h (must begin with 0..9)
octal numbers: <digits>o, o'<digits>'
binary numbers: 0b<digits>, b'<digits>' or <digits>b
decimal numbers without prefix or d'<digits>'
Directives:
(square brackets denote optional parameters)
<label> equ <expr> - Define a constant
<label> set <expr> - Define a variable (similar to equ but
can be redefined with another set-directive)
org <address>
org <address>,<mode>
org <mode>
- Specify origin for program code, register file or data EEPROM.
<mode> is 'code' for program code, 'reg' for register file
and 'edata' for data EEPROM. If mode is not given, it is
determined automatically from first instruction that generates
output to the hex file. After that the mode cannot be changed
without another ORG statement. When ORG is used with only
the mode parameter, the address continues from the last value
for that mode.
include <filename> - Include another source file. includes can be nested.
end - End assembly. anything after this is ignored.
<label> ds <expr> - Reserve <expr> number of file register (RAM)
locations. ORG must be set for this to work.
<label> edata <expr>[, <expr>...]
- Define data EEPROM contents (only with PIC16C84 / 16C83 / 16F84)
if <expr> - Conditional assembly. If <expr> is non-zero,
<code1> <code1> after the if-directive is assembled,
[else and the optional <code2> is skipped. If <expr>
<code2>] is zero, <code1> is skipped and optional
endif <code2> is assembled.
<macroname> macro - Define a macro.
<macro definition>
endm
Macro parameters are \1...\9, \# is the number of parameters.
\@ (or \0) is an number that is different for each macro
expansion (it can be used to generate unique labels inside macros).
Macros can be recursive.
exitm - Exit macro (can only be used inside a macro
definition. Useful with conditional assembly)
local - Begin and end a local label/symbol block.
endlocal Local symbols must be prefixed with '='
and their name scope is only
the current local symbol block.
Local symbol blocks can be nested
but only the symbols in the currently
active block can be used (the symbols
in the inner and outer blocks are not visible)
config <config_param>[, <config_param>...]
- Define PIC configuration fuse data.
<config_param> can be:
CP=<on_off> - code protection (default off,
partial protection not supported)
PWRT=<on_off> - powerup timer (default varies
with PIC models, not valid
with 12-bit PICs)
WDT=<on_off> - watchdog (default on)
BOD=<on_off> - brown-out detect. only valid
with some PIC models.
OSC=<osctype> - oscillator type (typically HS,XT,LP,RC,
some PIC models have different options)
The <on_off> parameter can be:
on, yes, enabled - on
off, no, disabled - off
The fuses are located in address 0xfff with
12-bit PICs and 0x2007 with 14-bit PICs.
picid <id1>,<id2>,<id3>,<id4>
- Define PIC ID values.
The ID is located in the hex file at the address
following program memory end with 12-bit PICs,
and at 0x2000 with 14-bit PICs.
device <device> - select PIC device type
Valid values are listed in the command line
option section (the -pic<type> option).
opt <option> - set assembly options
Currently only implemented:
list or l - turn listing on
nolist or nol - turn listing off
error - causes an assembly error
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