1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
|
http://libre.adacore.com/libre/tools/polyorb/
The PolyORB schizophrenic middleware
------------------------------------
PolyORB provides a uniform solution to build distributed applications;
relying either on industrial-strength middleware standards such as
CORBA, the Distributed System Annex of Ada 95, distribution
programming paradigms such as Web Services, Message Oriented
Middleware (MOM), or to implement application-specific middleware.
Basically, middleware are framework that hide the complex issues of
distribution and provide the programmer with high-level abstractions
that enable easy and transparent construction of distributed
applications.
A number of different standards exist for creating object-oriented
distributed applications. These standards offer two subsystems that
enable interaction between application partitions:
* the API seen by the developer's applicative objects;
* the protocol used by the middleware environment to interact with
other nodes in the distributed application.
Besides, middleware provide implementation guidelines as well as
development tools to ease the construction of large heterogeneous
distributed systems. Yet, many issues typical to distributed
programming may arise: application architectural choice, configuration
or deployment. Since there is no "one size fits all" architecture,
choosing the adequate distribution middleware in its most appropriate
configuration is a key design point that dramatically impact the
design and performance of an application.
Consequently, applications need to rapidly tailor middleware to the
specific distribution model they require. A distribution model is
defined by the combination of distribution mechanisms made available
to the application. Common examples of such mechanisms are Remote
Procedure Call (RPC), Distributed Objects or Message Passing. A
distribution infrastructure or middleware refers to software that
supports one (or several) distribution model, e.g.: OMG CORBA, Java
Remote Method Invocation (RMI), the Distributed System Annex of Ada
95, Java Message Service (MOM).
PolyORB : a generic middleware with an instance per distribution model
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Typical middleware implementations for one platform supports only one
set of such interfaces, pre-defined configuration capabilities and
cannot interoperate with other platforms. In addition to traditional
middleware implementations, PolyORB proposes an original architecture
to enable support for multiple interoperating distribution models in a
uniform canvas.
PolyORB is a polymorphic, reusable infrastructure for building or
prototyping new middleware adapted to specific application needs. It
provides a set of components on top of which various instances can be
elaborated. These instances (or personalities) are views on PolyORB
facilities that are compliant to existing standards, either at the API
level (application personality) or at the protocol level (protocol
personality). These personalities are mutually exclusive views of the
same architecture.
The decoupling of application and protocol personalities, and the
support for multiple simultaneous personalities within the same
running middleware are key features required for the construction of
interoperable distributed applications. This allows PolyORB to
communicate with middleware that implement different distribution
standards: PolyORB provides middleware-to-middleware interoperability
(M2M).
Besides, PolyORB's modularity allows for the easy extension or
modification of its core components and personalities to meet specific
requirements. Thus standard compliant or specific personalities can be
created in a unique process, from early stage prototyping to full
featured implementation. The PolyORB architecture also permits the
automatic, just-in-time creation of proxies between incompatible
environments.
PolyORB currently supports the following personalities (in the main
development branch, available through Subversion access):
* application personalities: CORBA, Distributed System Annex of Ada 95
(DSA), MOMA - MOM for Ada. Interaction between CORBA and DSA
partitions has been successfully tested;
* protocol personalities: SOAP, GIOP (CORBA protocol layer) and the
folowing instanciations: IIOP (over TCP/IP), DIOP (over UDP/IP for
oneway requests), and MIOP/UIPMC (group communication over
multicast/IP);
* under development: Web Services personality, an adaptation of the
AWS API to PolyORB.
Note: PolyORB is the project formerly known as DROOPI, a Distributed
Reusable Object-Oriented Polymorphic Infrastructure.
|
