PostGIS - Geographic Information Systems Extensions to PostgreSQL
=================================================================

:Version: 2.3.1
:Date: 2016-11-28
:Website: http://postgis.net

This distribution contains a module which implements GIS simple features, ties
the features to R-tree indexing, and provides many spatial functions for
accessing and analyzing geographic data.

Directory structure::

  ./            Build scripts and install directions
  ./doc         PostGIS Documentation
  ./extensions  Support for the PostgreSQL Extensions framework
  ./extras      Various pieces that didn't belong to mainstream
                (package management specfiles, WFS_locks, sample WKB parser)
  ./liblwgeom   LWGEOM geometry library
  ./libpgcommon PostGIS library to bridge LWGEOM to PostgreSQL
  ./loader      A program to convert ESRI Shape files into SQL text suitable
                for uploading into a PostGIS/PostgreSQL database and a program
                for converting PostGIS spatial tables into shapefiles
  ./postgis     PostGIS library source code
  ./raster      PostGIS rasters extension source code
  ./regress     Online regression tests
  ./topology    PostGIS topology extension source code
  ./utils       Utility scripts for PostGIS (upgrade, profiling, ...)


REQUIREMENTS
------------

PostGIS is compatible with PostgreSQL 9.2 and above.

You *must* have the full PostgreSQL - including server headers - installed for
this to work.

* PROJ4 (Required, Version 4.6.0 or higher):

  The PROJ4 catographic projection library is required if you want to use the
  ST_Transform() function to reproject features within the database.

    http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/

* GEOS (Required, Version 3.3.0 or higher 
  - 3.4+ is strongly recommended and needed for full features):

  The GEOS library provides support for exact topological tests such as
  ST_Touches(), ST_Contains(), ST_Disjoint() and spatial operations such as
  ST_Intersection(), ST_Union() and ST_Buffer(). GEOS 3.4+ is recommended.

    http://trac.osgeo.org/geos/

* XML SUPPORT (Required, Version 2.5.0 or higher):

  The LibXML2 library is required to use the ST_GeomFromGML() and
  ST_GeomFromKML() functionality.

    http://xmlsoft.org/

* GNU gettext

   The loader, and hence PostGIS, requires GNU gettext 0.14 or higher
   for translation support
   (typically in libc on GNU/Linux, in which case 0.17 is required).

* JSON-C (Optional, Version 0.9 or higher)

  JSON-C is used to import GeoJSON via the function ST_GeomFromGeoJson().

    http://github.com/json-c/json-c/wiki

  You can get it installed in apt-based systems using::

    apt-get install libjson0-dev

* GDAL (Optional, Version 1.8.0 or higher 1.9+ is strongly recommended)

  GDAL (http://gdal.org) is *required* if you want to compile PostGIS 
  with raster or extension support. To compile without raster support you
  must ``./configure --without-raster`` (also disables extension)
  
* CGAL 4.1+ and SFCGAL (Optional) needed for advanced 3D support

  https://github.com/Oslandia/SFCGAL


CONFIGURATION
-------------

To configure PostGIS, run::

  ./configure

If the file is missing you must be using a development version
of the code. In that case call ./autogen.sh to generate it.

The results of the configuration can be easily seen within the
``postgis_config.h`` file.

If ``pg_config`` can't be found in your ``$PATH`` configure will complain
and refuse to proceed. You can specify it using the
``--with-pgconfig=/path/to/pg_config`` flag.

If PROJ4 has been installed but cannot be found, configure will complain and
refuse to proceed. You can specify an alternative installation directory using
the ``--with-projdir=DIR`` option.

If GEOS has been installed but cannot be found, configure will complain and
refuse to proceed. You can specify an alternative ``geos-config`` file using
the ``--with-geosconfig=/path/to/geos-config`` option.

If GDAL cannot be found, configure will complain and refuse to proceed.
You can either proceed without raster support using ``--without-raster``
or use ``--with-gdalconfig=/path/to/gdal-config`` option.

By default, both Topology and Raster extensions are enabled in ``./configure``.

If you want to compile PostGIS *without* Raster support,
you must provide the ``--without-raster`` option.

If you want to compile PostGIS *without* Topology support,
you must provide the ``--without-topology`` option.

PostGIS will be compiled with sfcgal support if it is found.
You can explicitly state the location with --with-sfcgal=path/to/sfcgal

See ``./configure --help`` for more options.


BUILD
-----

PostGIS uses the GNU make (aka gmake) for building. To build PostGIS library
and utilities, as postgres run::

  make


TESTING
-------

You want to run regress tests before installation. To do so, as postgres run::

  make check

The above will create a test database with PostGIS extensions, run tests and
then drop the test database.

Final lines of output contain a summary of test results: run, succeeded,
failed. If you have any failure please file a bug report using the online bug
tracker: http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/report/3


INSTALLATION
------------

To install PostGIS library and utilities, as root run::

  make install

Installation paths will typically be derived by ``pg_config``:

 - Lib in ``pg_config --pkglibdir``
 - Binaries (loader/dumper) in ``pg_config --bindir``
 - Important support files in ``[prefix]/share/contrib``
 - Manual pages in ``[prefix]/man``
 - Documentation in in ``[prefix]/share/doc``

Where `[prefix]` above is extracted from ``pg_config --configure``.

You can change them using ``./configure`` switches. See CONFIGURATION section.


CREATING NEW SPATIAL DATABASES
------------------------------

PostGIS support must be enabled for each database that requires its usage. 
Enabling spatial functionality requires a PostgreSQL super-user.

    CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
  

UPGRADING EXISTING SPATIAL DATABASES
------------------------------------

Upgrade PostGIS using the "ALTER EXTENSION" facility.

  ALTER EXTENSION postgis UPDATE TO '2.2.0';
  

USAGE
-----

Try the following example SQL statements to create tables with
geometry columns::

  CREATE TABLE geom_test ( gid int4, geom geometry, name varchar(25) );
  INSERT INTO geom_test ( gid, geom, name )
    VALUES ( 1, 'POLYGON((0 0 0,0 5 0,5 5 0,5 0 0,0 0 0))', '3D Square');
  INSERT INTO geom_test ( gid, geom, name )
    VALUES ( 2, 'LINESTRING(1 1 1,5 5 5,7 7 5)', '3D Line' );
  INSERT INTO geom_test ( gid, geom, name )
    VALUES ( 3, 'MULTIPOINT(3 4,8 9)', '2D Aggregate Point' );
  SELECT * from geom_test WHERE ST_Intersects(geom, ST_MakeEnvelope(2,2,3,3));

The following SQL creates proper full entries in the ``SPATIAL_REF_SYS``
and ``GEOMETRY_COLUMNS`` tables, and ensures that all geometries are created
with an SRID::

  CREATE TABLE geotest (
    id INT4,
    name VARCHAR(32),
    geopoint GEOMETRY(POINT, 4326)
    );

  INSERT INTO geotest (id, name, geopoint)
    VALUES (1, 'Olympia', ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-122.90 46.97)', 4326));
  INSERT INTO geotest (id, name, geopoint)
    VALUES (2, 'Renton', ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-122.22 47.50)', 4326));

  SELECT name, AsText(geopoint) FROM geotest;


Spatial Indexes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PostgreSQL provides support for GiST spatial indexing. The GiST scheme offers
indexing even on large objects, using a system of "lossy" indexing where a
large object is proxied by a smaller one in the index.  In the case of the
PostGIS indexing system, all objects are proxied in the index by their
bounding boxes.

You can build a GiST index with::

  CREATE INDEX <indexname>
    ON <tablename>
    USING GIST ( <geometryfield> );

Always run the ``VACUUM ANALYZE <tablename>`` on your tables after creating an
index. This gathers statistics which the query planner uses to optimize index
usage.


PostGIS Topology support
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

See topology/README for more informations about topology support.