PostgreSQL Installation from Source Code

   This document describes the installation of PostgreSQL using the source
   code distribution. (If you are installing a pre-packaged distribution,
   such as an RPM or Debian package, ignore this document and read the
   packager's instructions instead.)
     __________________________________________________________________

                                Short Version

./configure
gmake
su
gmake install
adduser postgres
mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test

   The long version is the rest of this document.
     __________________________________________________________________

                                Requirements

   In general, a modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run
   PostgreSQL. The platforms that had received specific testing at the
   time of release are listed in the Section called Supported Platforms
   below. In the "doc" subdirectory of the distribution there are several
   platform-specific FAQ documents you might wish to consult if you are
   having trouble.

   The following software packages are required for building PostgreSQL:

     * GNU make version 3.80 or newer is required; other make programs or
       older GNU make versions will *not* work. GNU make is often
       installed under the name "gmake"; this document will always refer
       to it by that name. (On some systems GNU make is the default tool
       with the name "make".) To test for GNU make enter:
gmake --version
     * You need an ISO/ANSI C compiler (at least C89-compliant). Recent
       versions of GCC are recommendable, but PostgreSQL is known to build
       using a wide variety of compilers from different vendors.
     * tar is required to unpack the source distribution, in addition to
       either gzip or bzip2.
     * The GNU Readline library is used by default. It allows psql (the
       PostgreSQL command line SQL interpreter) to remember each command
       you type, and allows you to use arrow keys to recall and edit
       previous commands. This is very helpful and is strongly
       recommended. If you don't want to use it then you must specify the
       "--without-readline" option to "configure". As an alternative, you
       can often use the BSD-licensed "libedit" library, originally
       developed on NetBSD. The "libedit" library is GNU
       Readline-compatible and is used if "libreadline" is not found, or
       if "--with-libedit-preferred" is used as an option to "configure".
       If you are using a package-based Linux distribution, be aware that
       you need both the readline and readline-devel packages, if those
       are separate in your distribution.
     * The zlib compression library is used by default. If you don't want
       to use it then you must specify the "--without-zlib" option to
       "configure". Using this option disables support for compressed
       archives in pg_dump and pg_restore.

   The following packages are optional. They are not required in the
   default configuration, but they are needed when certain build options
   are enabled, as explained below:

     * To build the server programming language PL/Perl you need a full
       Perl installation, including the "libperl" library and the header
       files. Since PL/Perl will be a shared library, the "libperl"
       library must be a shared library also on most platforms. This
       appears to be the default in recent Perl versions, but it was not
       in earlier versions, and in any case it is the choice of whomever
       installed Perl at your site. If you intend to make more than
       incidental use of PL/Perl, you should ensure that the Perl
       installation was built with the usemultiplicity option enabled
       (perl -V will show whether this is the case).
       If you don't have the shared library but you need one, a message
       like this will appear during the PostgreSQL build to point out this
       fact:
*** Cannot build PL/Perl because libperl is not a shared library.
*** You might have to rebuild your Perl installation.  Refer to
*** the documentation for details.
       (If you don't follow the on-screen output you will merely notice
       that the PL/Perl library object, "plperl.so" or similar, will not
       be installed.) If you see this, you will have to rebuild and
       install Perl manually to be able to build PL/Perl. During the
       configuration process for Perl, request a shared library.
     * To build the PL/Python server programming language, you need a
       Python installation with the header files and the distutils module.
       The minimum required version is Python 2.2. Python 3 is supported
       if it's version 3.1 or later; but see the PL/Python documentation
       when using Python 3.
       Since PL/Python will be a shared library, the "libpython" library
       must be a shared library also on most platforms. This is not the
       case in a default Python installation. If after building and
       installing PostgreSQL you have a file called "plpython.so"
       (possibly a different extension), then everything went well.
       Otherwise you should have seen a notice like this flying by:
*** Cannot build PL/Python because libpython is not a shared library.
*** You might have to rebuild your Python installation.  Refer to
*** the documentation for details.
       That means you have to rebuild (part of) your Python installation
       to create this shared library.
       If you have problems, run Python 2.3 or later's configure using the
       --enable-shared flag. On some operating systems you don't have to
       build a shared library, but you will have to convince the
       PostgreSQL build system of this. Consult the "Makefile" in the
       "src/pl/plpython" directory for details.
     * To build the PL/Tcl procedural language, you of course need a Tcl
       installation. If you are using a pre-8.4 release of Tcl, ensure
       that it was built without multithreading support.
     * To enable Native Language Support (NLS), that is, the ability to
       display a program's messages in a language other than English, you
       need an implementation of the Gettext API. Some operating systems
       have this built-in (e.g., Linux, NetBSD, Solaris), for other
       systems you can download an add-on package from
       http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/. If you are using the Gettext
       implementation in the GNU C library then you will additionally need
       the GNU Gettext package for some utility programs. For any of the
       other implementations you will not need it.
     * You need Kerberos, OpenSSL, OpenLDAP, and/or PAM, if you want to
       support authentication or encryption using those services.

   If you are building from a Git tree instead of using a released source
   package, or if you want to do server development, you also need the
   following packages:

     * GNU Flex and Bison are needed to build from a Git checkout, or if
       you changed the actual scanner and parser definition files. If you
       need them, be sure to get Flex 2.5.31 or later and Bison 1.875 or
       later. Other lex and yacc programs cannot be used.
     * Perl 5.8 or later is needed to build from a Git checkout, or if you
       changed the input files for any of the build steps that use Perl
       scripts. If building on Windows you will need Perl in any case.

   If you need to get a GNU package, you can find it at your local GNU
   mirror site (see http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html for a list) or at
   ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/.

   Also check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about 100
   MB for the source tree during compilation and about 20 MB for the
   installation directory. An empty database cluster takes about 35 MB;
   databases take about five times the amount of space that a flat text
   file with the same data would take. If you are going to run the
   regression tests you will temporarily need up to an extra 150 MB. Use
   the "df" command to check free disk space.
     __________________________________________________________________

                           Installation Procedure

    1. Configuration
       The first step of the installation procedure is to configure the
       source tree for your system and choose the options you would like.
       This is done by running the "configure" script. For a default
       installation simply enter:
./configure
       This script will run a number of tests to determine values for
       various system dependent variables and detect any quirks of your
       operating system, and finally will create several files in the
       build tree to record what it found. You can also run "configure" in
       a directory outside the source tree, if you want to keep the build
       directory separate. This procedure is also called a VPATH build.
       Here's how:
mkdir build_dir
cd build_dir
/path/to/source/tree/configure [options go here]
gmake
       The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as
       well as all client applications and interfaces that require only a
       C compiler. All files will be installed under "/usr/local/pgsql" by
       default.
       You can customize the build and installation process by supplying
       one or more of the following command line options to "configure":

        --prefix=PREFIX
                Install all files under the directory "PREFIX" instead of
                "/usr/local/pgsql". The actual files will be installed
                into various subdirectories; no files will ever be
                installed directly into the "PREFIX" directory.

                If you have special needs, you can also customize the
                individual subdirectories with the following options.
                However, if you leave these with their defaults, the
                installation will be relocatable, meaning you can move the
                directory after installation. (The man and doc locations
                are not affected by this.)

                For relocatable installs, you might want to use
                "configure"'s --disable-rpath option. Also, you will need
                to tell the operating system how to find the shared
                libraries.

        --exec-prefix=EXEC-PREFIX
                You can install architecture-dependent files under a
                different prefix, "EXEC-PREFIX", than what "PREFIX" was
                set to. This can be useful to share
                architecture-independent files between hosts. If you omit
                this, then "EXEC-PREFIX" is set equal to "PREFIX" and both
                architecture-dependent and independent files will be
                installed under the same tree, which is probably what you
                want.

        --bindir=DIRECTORY
                Specifies the directory for executable programs. The
                default is "EXEC-PREFIX/bin", which normally means
                "/usr/local/pgsql/bin".

        --sysconfdir=DIRECTORY
                Sets the directory for various configuration files,
                "PREFIX/etc" by default.

        --libdir=DIRECTORY
                Sets the location to install libraries and dynamically
                loadable modules. The default is "EXEC-PREFIX/lib".

        --includedir=DIRECTORY
                Sets the directory for installing C and C++ header files.
                The default is "PREFIX/include".

        --datarootdir=DIRECTORY
                Sets the root directory for various types of read-only
                data files. This only sets the default for some of the
                following options. The default is "PREFIX/share".

        --datadir=DIRECTORY
                Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the
                installed programs. The default is "DATAROOTDIR". Note
                that this has nothing to do with where your database files
                will be placed.

        --localedir=DIRECTORY
                Sets the directory for installing locale data, in
                particular message translation catalog files. The default
                is "DATAROOTDIR/locale".

        --mandir=DIRECTORY
                The man pages that come with PostgreSQL will be installed
                under this directory, in their respective "manx"
                subdirectories. The default is "DATAROOTDIR/man".

        --docdir=DIRECTORY
                Sets the root directory for installing documentation
                files, except "man" pages. This only sets the default for
                the following options. The default value for this option
                is "DATAROOTDIR/doc/postgresql".

        --htmldir=DIRECTORY
                The HTML-formatted documentation for PostgreSQL will be
                installed under this directory. The default is
                "DATAROOTDIR".

     Note: Care has been taken to make it possible to install PostgreSQL
     into shared installation locations (such as "/usr/local/include")
     without interfering with the namespace of the rest of the system.
     First, the string "/postgresql" is automatically appended to
     datadir, sysconfdir, and docdir, unless the fully expanded directory
     name already contains the string "postgres" or "pgsql". For example,
     if you choose "/usr/local" as prefix, the documentation will be
     installed in "/usr/local/doc/postgresql", but if the prefix is
     "/opt/postgres", then it will be in "/opt/postgres/doc". The public
     C header files of the client interfaces are installed into
     includedir and are namespace-clean. The internal header files and
     the server header files are installed into private directories under
     includedir. See the documentation of each interface for information
     about how to access its header files. Finally, a private
     subdirectory will also be created, if appropriate, under libdir for
     dynamically loadable modules.

        --with-includes=DIRECTORIES
                "DIRECTORIES" is a colon-separated list of directories
                that will be added to the list the compiler searches for
                header files. If you have optional packages (such as GNU
                Readline) installed in a non-standard location, you have
                to use this option and probably also the corresponding
                "--with-libraries" option.

                Example:
                --with-includes=/opt/gnu/include:/usr/sup/include.

        --with-libraries=DIRECTORIES
                "DIRECTORIES" is a colon-separated list of directories to
                search for libraries. You will probably have to use this
                option (and the corresponding "--with-includes" option) if
                you have packages installed in non-standard locations.

                Example: --with-libraries=/opt/gnu/lib:/usr/sup/lib.

        --enable-nls[=LANGUAGES]
                Enables Native Language Support (NLS), that is, the
                ability to display a program's messages in a language
                other than English. "LANGUAGES" is an optional
                space-separated list of codes of the languages that you
                want supported, for example --enable-nls='de fr'. (The
                intersection between your list and the set of actually
                provided translations will be computed automatically.) If
                you do not specify a list, then all available translations
                are installed.

                To use this option, you will need an implementation of the
                Gettext API; see above.

        --with-pgport=NUMBER
                Set "NUMBER" as the default port number for server and
                clients. The default is 5432. The port can always be
                changed later on, but if you specify it here then both
                server and clients will have the same default compiled in,
                which can be very convenient. Usually the only good reason
                to select a non-default value is if you intend to run
                multiple PostgreSQL servers on the same machine.

        --with-perl
                Build the PL/Perl server-side language.

        --with-python
                Build the PL/Python server-side language.

        --with-tcl
                Build the PL/Tcl server-side language.

        --with-tclconfig=DIRECTORY
                Tcl installs the file "tclConfig.sh", which contains
                configuration information needed to build modules
                interfacing to Tcl. This file is normally found
                automatically at a well-known location, but if you want to
                use a different version of Tcl you can specify the
                directory in which to look for it.

        --with-gssapi
                Build with support for GSSAPI authentication. On many
                systems, the GSSAPI (usually a part of the Kerberos
                installation) system is not installed in a location that
                is searched by default (e.g., "/usr/include", "/usr/lib"),
                so you must use the options "--with-includes" and
                "--with-libraries" in addition to this option. "configure"
                will check for the required header files and libraries to
                make sure that your GSSAPI installation is sufficient
                before proceeding.

        --with-krb5
                Build with support for Kerberos 5 authentication. On many
                systems, the Kerberos system is not installed in a
                location that is searched by default (e.g.,
                "/usr/include", "/usr/lib"), so you must use the options
                "--with-includes" and "--with-libraries" in addition to
                this option. "configure" will check for the required
                header files and libraries to make sure that your Kerberos
                installation is sufficient before proceeding.

        --with-krb-srvnam=NAME
                The default name of the Kerberos service principal (also
                used by GSSAPI). postgres is the default. There's usually
                no reason to change this unless you have a Windows
                environment, in which case it must be set to upper case
                POSTGRES.

        --with-openssl
                Build with support for SSL (encrypted) connections. This
                requires the OpenSSL package to be installed. "configure"
                will check for the required header files and libraries to
                make sure that your OpenSSL installation is sufficient
                before proceeding.

        --with-pam
                Build with PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) support.

        --with-ldap
                Build with LDAP support for authentication and connection
                parameter lookup (see the documentation about client
                authentication and libpq for more information). On Unix,
                this requires the OpenLDAP package to be installed. On
                Windows, the default WinLDAP library is used. "configure"
                will check for the required header files and libraries to
                make sure that your OpenLDAP installation is sufficient
                before proceeding.

        --without-readline
                Prevents use of the Readline library (and libedit as
                well). This option disables command-line editing and
                history in psql, so it is not recommended.

        --with-libedit-preferred
                Favors the use of the BSD-licensed libedit library rather
                than GPL-licensed Readline. This option is significant
                only if you have both libraries installed; the default in
                that case is to use Readline.

        --with-bonjour
                Build with Bonjour support. This requires Bonjour support
                in your operating system. Recommended on Mac OS X.

        --with-ossp-uuid
                Build components using the OSSP UUID library.
                Specifically, build the uuid-ossp module, which provides
                functions to generate UUIDs.

        --with-libxml
                Build with libxml (enables SQL/XML support). Libxml
                version 2.6.23 or later is required for this feature.

                Libxml installs a program "xml2-config" that can be used
                to detect the required compiler and linker options.
                PostgreSQL will use it automatically if found. To specify
                a libxml installation at an unusual location, you can
                either set the environment variable XML2_CONFIG to point
                to the "xml2-config" program belonging to the
                installation, or use the options "--with-includes" and
                "--with-libraries".

        --with-libxslt
                Use libxslt when building the xml2 module. xml2 relies on
                this library to perform XSL transformations of XML.

        --disable-integer-datetimes
                Disable support for 64-bit integer storage for timestamps
                and intervals, and store datetime values as floating-point
                numbers instead. Floating-point datetime storage was the
                default in PostgreSQL releases prior to 8.4, but it is now
                deprecated, because it does not support microsecond
                precision for the full range of timestamp values. However,
                integer-based datetime storage requires a 64-bit integer
                type. Therefore, this option can be used when no such type
                is available, or for compatibility with applications
                written for prior versions of PostgreSQL. See the
                documentation about datetime datatypes for more
                information.

        --disable-float4-byval
                Disable passing float4 values "by value", causing them to
                be passed "by reference" instead. This option costs
                performance, but may be needed for compatibility with old
                user-defined functions that are written in C and use the
                "version 0" calling convention. A better long-term
                solution is to update any such functions to use the
                "version 1" calling convention.

        --disable-float8-byval
                Disable passing float8 values "by value", causing them to
                be passed "by reference" instead. This option costs
                performance, but may be needed for compatibility with old
                user-defined functions that are written in C and use the
                "version 0" calling convention. A better long-term
                solution is to update any such functions to use the
                "version 1" calling convention. Note that this option
                affects not only float8, but also int8 and some related
                types such as timestamp. On 32-bit platforms,
                "--disable-float8-byval" is the default and it is not
                allowed to select "--enable-float8-byval".

        --with-segsize=SEGSIZE
                Set the segment size, in gigabytes. Large tables are
                divided into multiple operating-system files, each of size
                equal to the segment size. This avoids problems with file
                size limits that exist on many platforms. The default
                segment size, 1 gigabyte, is safe on all supported
                platforms. If your operating system has "largefile"
                support (which most do, nowadays), you can use a larger
                segment size. This can be helpful to reduce the number of
                file descriptors consumed when working with very large
                tables. But be careful not to select a value larger than
                is supported by your platform and the file systems you
                intend to use. Other tools you might wish to use, such as
                tar, could also set limits on the usable file size. It is
                recommended, though not absolutely required, that this
                value be a power of 2. Note that changing this value
                requires an initdb.

        --with-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
                Set the block size, in kilobytes. This is the unit of
                storage and I/O within tables. The default, 8 kilobytes,
                is suitable for most situations; but other values may be
                useful in special cases. The value must be a power of 2
                between 1 and 32 (kilobytes). Note that changing this
                value requires an initdb.

        --with-wal-segsize=SEGSIZE
                Set the WAL segment size, in megabytes. This is the size
                of each individual file in the WAL log. It may be useful
                to adjust this size to control the granularity of WAL log
                shipping. The default size is 16 megabytes. The value must
                be a power of 2 between 1 and 64 (megabytes). Note that
                changing this value requires an initdb.

        --with-wal-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
                Set the WAL block size, in kilobytes. This is the unit of
                storage and I/O within the WAL log. The default, 8
                kilobytes, is suitable for most situations; but other
                values may be useful in special cases. The value must be a
                power of 2 between 1 and 64 (kilobytes). Note that
                changing this value requires an initdb.

        --disable-spinlocks
                Allow the build to succeed even if PostgreSQL has no CPU
                spinlock support for the platform. The lack of spinlock
                support will result in poor performance; therefore, this
                option should only be used if the build aborts and informs
                you that the platform lacks spinlock support. If this
                option is required to build PostgreSQL on your platform,
                please report the problem to the PostgreSQL developers.

        --disable-thread-safety
                Disable the thread-safety of client libraries. This
                prevents concurrent threads in libpq and ECPG programs
                from safely controlling their private connection handles.

        --with-system-tzdata=DIRECTORY
                PostgreSQL includes its own time zone database, which it
                requires for date and time operations. This time zone
                database is in fact compatible with the IANA time zone
                database provided by many operating systems such as
                FreeBSD, Linux, and Solaris, so it would be redundant to
                install it again. When this option is used, the
                system-supplied time zone database in "DIRECTORY" is used
                instead of the one included in the PostgreSQL source
                distribution. "DIRECTORY" must be specified as an absolute
                path. "/usr/share/zoneinfo" is a likely directory on some
                operating systems. Note that the installation routine will
                not detect mismatching or erroneous time zone data. If you
                use this option, you are advised to run the regression
                tests to verify that the time zone data you have pointed
                to works correctly with PostgreSQL.

                This option is mainly aimed at binary package distributors
                who know their target operating system well. The main
                advantage of using this option is that the PostgreSQL
                package won't need to be upgraded whenever any of the many
                local daylight-saving time rules change. Another advantage
                is that PostgreSQL can be cross-compiled more
                straightforwardly if the time zone database files do not
                need to be built during the installation.

        --without-zlib
                Prevents use of the Zlib library. This disables support
                for compressed archives in pg_dump and pg_restore. This
                option is only intended for those rare systems where this
                library is not available.

        --enable-debug
                Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging
                symbols. This means that you can run the programs in a
                debugger to analyze problems. This enlarges the size of
                the installed executables considerably, and on non-GCC
                compilers it usually also disables compiler optimization,
                causing slowdowns. However, having the symbols available
                is extremely helpful for dealing with any problems that
                might arise. Currently, this option is recommended for
                production installations only if you use GCC. But you
                should always have it on if you are doing development work
                or running a beta version.

        --enable-coverage
                If using GCC, all programs and libraries are compiled with
                code coverage testing instrumentation. When run, they
                generate files in the build directory with code coverage
                metrics. This option is for use only with GCC and when
                doing development work.

        --enable-profiling
                If using GCC, all programs and libraries are compiled so
                they can be profiled. On backend exit, a subdirectory will
                be created that contains the "gmon.out" file for use in
                profiling. This option is for use only with GCC and when
                doing development work.

        --enable-cassert
                Enables assertion checks in the server, which test for
                many "cannot happen" conditions. This is invaluable for
                code development purposes, but the tests can slow down the
                server significantly. Also, having the tests turned on
                won't necessarily enhance the stability of your server!
                The assertion checks are not categorized for severity, and
                so what might be a relatively harmless bug will still lead
                to server restarts if it triggers an assertion failure.
                This option is not recommended for production use, but you
                should have it on for development work or when running a
                beta version.

        --enable-depend
                Enables automatic dependency tracking. With this option,
                the makefiles are set up so that all affected object files
                will be rebuilt when any header file is changed. This is
                useful if you are doing development work, but is just
                wasted overhead if you intend only to compile once and
                install. At present, this option only works with GCC.

        --enable-dtrace
                Compiles PostgreSQL with support for the dynamic tracing
                tool DTrace.

                To point to the "dtrace" program, the environment variable
                DTRACE can be set. This will often be necessary because
                "dtrace" is typically installed under "/usr/sbin", which
                might not be in the path.

                Extra command-line options for the "dtrace" program can be
                specified in the environment variable DTRACEFLAGS. On
                Solaris, to include DTrace support in a 64-bit binary, you
                must specify DTRACEFLAGS="-64" to configure. For example,
                using the GCC compiler:

./configure CC='gcc -m64' --enable-dtrace DTRACEFLAGS='-64' ...

                Using Sun's compiler:

./configure CC='/opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc -xtarget=native64' --enable-dtrace DTRACEFL
AGS='-64' ...

       If you prefer a C compiler different from the one "configure"
       picks, you can set the environment variable CC to the program of
       your choice. By default, "configure" will pick "gcc" if available,
       else the platform's default (usually "cc"). Similarly, you can
       override the default compiler flags if needed with the CFLAGS
       variable.
       You can specify environment variables on the "configure" command
       line, for example:
./configure CC=/opt/bin/gcc CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe'
       Here is a list of the significant variables that can be set in this
       manner:

        BISON
                Bison program

        CC
                C compiler

        CFLAGS
                options to pass to the C compiler

        CPP
                C preprocessor

        CPPFLAGS
                options to pass to the C preprocessor

        DTRACE
                location of the "dtrace" program

        DTRACEFLAGS
                options to pass to the "dtrace" program

        FLEX
                Flex program

        LDFLAGS
                options to use when linking either executables or shared
                libraries

        LDFLAGS_EX
                additional options for linking executables only

        LDFLAGS_SL
                additional options for linking shared libraries only

        MSGFMT
                "msgfmt" program for native language support

        PERL
                Full path to the Perl interpreter. This will be used to
                determine the dependencies for building PL/Perl.

        PYTHON
                Full path to the Python interpreter. This will be used to
                determine the dependencies for building PL/Python. Also,
                whether Python 2 or 3 is specified here (or otherwise
                implicitly chosen) determines which variant of the
                PL/Python language becomes available. See the PL/Python
                documentation for more information.

        TCLSH
                Full path to the Tcl interpreter. This will be used to
                determine the dependencies for building PL/Tcl, and it
                will be substituted into Tcl scripts.

        XML2_CONFIG
                "xml2-config" program used to locate the libxml
                installation.

    2. Build
       To start the build, type:
gmake
       (Remember to use GNU make.) The build will take a few minutes
       depending on your hardware. The last line displayed should be:
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
       If you want to build everything that can be built, including the
       documentation (HTML and man pages), and the additional modules
       ("contrib"), type instead:
gmake world
       The last line displayed should be:
PostgreSQL, contrib and HTML documentation successfully made. Ready to install.
    3. Regression Tests
       If you want to test the newly built server before you install it,
       you can run the regression tests at this point. The regression
       tests are a test suite to verify that PostgreSQL runs on your
       machine in the way the developers expected it to. Type:
gmake check
       (This won't work as root; do it as an unprivileged user.) The file
       "src/test/regress/README" and the documentation contain detailed
       information about interpreting the test results. You can repeat
       this test at any later time by issuing the same command.
    4. Installing the Files

     Note: If you are upgrading an existing system be sure to read the
     documentation, which has instructions about upgrading a cluster.
       To install PostgreSQL enter:
gmake install
       This will install files into the directories that were specified in
       step 1. Make sure that you have appropriate permissions to write
       into that area. Normally you need to do this step as root.
       Alternatively, you can create the target directories in advance and
       arrange for appropriate permissions to be granted.
       To install the documentation (HTML and man pages), enter:
gmake install-docs
       If you built the world above, type instead:
gmake install-world
       This also installs the documentation.
       You can use gmake install-strip instead of gmake install to strip
       the executable files and libraries as they are installed. This will
       save some space. If you built with debugging support, stripping
       will effectively remove the debugging support, so it should only be
       done if debugging is no longer needed. install-strip tries to do a
       reasonable job saving space, but it does not have perfect knowledge
       of how to strip every unneeded byte from an executable file, so if
       you want to save all the disk space you possibly can, you will have
       to do manual work.
       The standard installation provides all the header files needed for
       client application development as well as for server-side program
       development, such as custom functions or data types written in C.
       (Prior to PostgreSQL 8.0, a separate gmake install-all-headers
       command was needed for the latter, but this step has been folded
       into the standard install.)
       Client-only installation: If you want to install only the client
       applications and interface libraries, then you can use these
       commands:
gmake -C src/bin install
gmake -C src/include install
gmake -C src/interfaces install
gmake -C doc install
       "src/bin" has a few binaries for server-only use, but they are
       small.

   Registering eventlog on Windows: To register a Windows eventlog library
   with the operating system, issue this command after installation:
regsvr32 pgsql_library_directory/pgevent.dll

   This creates registry entries used by the event viewer.

   Uninstallation: To undo the installation use the command "gmake
   uninstall". However, this will not remove any created directories.

   Cleaning: After the installation you can free disk space by removing
   the built files from the source tree with the command "gmake clean".
   This will preserve the files made by the "configure" program, so that
   you can rebuild everything with "gmake" later on. To reset the source
   tree to the state in which it was distributed, use "gmake distclean".
   If you are going to build for several platforms within the same source
   tree you must do this and re-configure for each platform.
   (Alternatively, use a separate build tree for each platform, so that
   the source tree remains unmodified.)

   If you perform a build and then discover that your "configure" options
   were wrong, or if you change anything that "configure" investigates
   (for example, software upgrades), then it's a good idea to do "gmake
   distclean" before reconfiguring and rebuilding. Without this, your
   changes in configuration choices might not propagate everywhere they
   need to.
     __________________________________________________________________

                           Post-Installation Setup

Shared Libraries

   On some systems with shared libraries you need to tell the system how
   to find the newly installed shared libraries. The systems on which this
   is *not* necessary include BSD/OS, FreeBSD, HP-UX, IRIX, Linux, NetBSD,
   OpenBSD, Tru64 UNIX (formerly Digital UNIX), and Solaris.

   The method to set the shared library search path varies between
   platforms, but the most widely-used method is to set the environment
   variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH like so: In Bourne shells ("sh", "ksh",
   "bash", "zsh"):
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

   or in "csh" or "tcsh":
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib

   Replace /usr/local/pgsql/lib with whatever you set "--libdir" to in
   step 1. You should put these commands into a shell start-up file such
   as "/etc/profile" or "~/.bash_profile". Some good information about the
   caveats associated with this method can be found at
   http://xahlee.org/UnixResource_dir/_/ldpath.html.

   On some systems it might be preferable to set the environment variable
   LD_RUN_PATH *before* building.

   On Cygwin, put the library directory in the PATH or move the ".dll"
   files into the "bin" directory.

   If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system (perhaps "ld.so"
   or "rld"). If you later get a message like:
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

   then this step was necessary. Simply take care of it then.

   If you are on BSD/OS, Linux, or SunOS 4 and you have root access you
   can run:
/sbin/ldconfig /usr/local/pgsql/lib

   (or equivalent directory) after installation to enable the run-time
   linker to find the shared libraries faster. Refer to the manual page of
   "ldconfig" for more information. On FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD the
   command is:
/sbin/ldconfig -m /usr/local/pgsql/lib

   instead. Other systems are not known to have an equivalent command.
     __________________________________________________________________

Environment Variables

   If you installed into "/usr/local/pgsql" or some other location that is
   not searched for programs by default, you should add
   "/usr/local/pgsql/bin" (or whatever you set "--bindir" to in step 1)
   into your PATH. Strictly speaking, this is not necessary, but it will
   make the use of PostgreSQL much more convenient.

   To do this, add the following to your shell start-up file, such as
   "~/.bash_profile" (or "/etc/profile", if you want it to affect all
   users):
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
export PATH

   If you are using "csh" or "tcsh", then use this command:
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin $path )

   To enable your system to find the man documentation, you need to add
   lines like the following to a shell start-up file unless you installed
   into a location that is searched by default:
MANPATH=/usr/local/pgsql/share/man:$MANPATH
export MANPATH

   The environment variables PGHOST and PGPORT specify to client
   applications the host and port of the database server, overriding the
   compiled-in defaults. If you are going to run client applications
   remotely then it is convenient if every user that plans to use the
   database sets PGHOST. This is not required, however; the settings can
   be communicated via command line options to most client programs.
     __________________________________________________________________

                               Getting Started

   The following is a quick summary of how to get PostgreSQL up and
   running once installed. The main documentation contains more
   information.
    1. Create a user account for the PostgreSQL server. This is the user
       the server will run as. For production use you should create a
       separate, unprivileged account ("postgres" is commonly used). If
       you do not have root access or just want to play around, your own
       user account is enough, but running the server as root is a
       security risk and will not work.
adduser postgres
    2. Create a database installation with the "initdb" command. To run
       "initdb" you must be logged in to your PostgreSQL server account.
       It will not work as root.
root# mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
root# chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
root# su - postgres
postgres$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
       The "-D" option specifies the location where the data will be
       stored. You can use any path you want, it does not have to be under
       the installation directory. Just make sure that the server account
       can write to the directory (or create it, if it doesn't already
       exist) before starting "initdb", as illustrated here.
    3. At this point, if you did not use the "initdb" -A option, you might
       want to modify "pg_hba.conf" to control local access to the server
       before you start it. The default is to trust all local users.
    4. The previous "initdb" step should have told you how to start up the
       database server. Do so now. The command should look something like:
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
       This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server in
       the background use something like:
nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
    </dev/null >>server.log 2>&1 </dev/null &
       To stop a server running in the background you can type:
kill `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`
    5. Create a database:
createdb testdb
       Then enter:
psql testdb
       to connect to that database. At the prompt you can enter SQL
       commands and start experimenting.
     __________________________________________________________________

                                  What Now?

     * The PostgreSQL distribution contains a comprehensive documentation
       set, which you should read sometime. After installation, the
       documentation can be accessed by pointing your browser to
       "/usr/local/pgsql/doc/html/index.html", unless you changed the
       installation directories.
       The first few chapters of the main documentation are the Tutorial,
       which should be your first reading if you are completely new to SQL
       databases. If you are familiar with database concepts then you want
       to proceed with part on server administration, which contains
       information about how to set up the database server, database
       users, and authentication.
     * Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will
       automatically start the database server whenever it boots. Some
       suggestions for this are in the documentation.
     * Run the regression tests against the installed server (using "gmake
       installcheck"). If you didn't run the tests before installation,
       you should definitely do it now. This is also explained in the
       documentation.
     * By default, PostgreSQL is configured to run on minimal hardware.
       This allows it to start up with almost any hardware configuration.
       The default configuration is, however, not designed for optimum
       performance. To achieve optimum performance, several server
       parameters must be adjusted, the two most common being
       shared_buffers and work_mem. Other parameters mentioned in the
       documentation also affect performance.
     __________________________________________________________________

                             Supported Platforms

   A platform (that is, a CPU architecture and operating system
   combination) is considered supported by the PostgreSQL development
   community if the code contains provisions to work on that platform and
   it has recently been verified to build and pass its regression tests on
   that platform. Currently, most testing of platform compatibility is
   done automatically by test machines in the PostgreSQL Build Farm. If
   you are interested in using PostgreSQL on a platform that is not
   represented in the build farm, but on which the code works or can be
   made to work, you are strongly encouraged to set up a build farm member
   machine so that continued compatibility can be assured.

   In general, PostgreSQL can be expected to work on these CPU
   architectures: x86, x86_64, IA64, PowerPC, PowerPC 64, S/390, S/390x,
   Sparc, Sparc 64, Alpha, ARM, MIPS, MIPSEL, M68K, and PA-RISC. Code
   support exists for M32R, NS32K, and VAX, but these architectures are
   not known to have been tested recently. It is often possible to build
   on an unsupported CPU type by configuring with "--disable-spinlocks",
   but performance will be poor.

   PostgreSQL can be expected to work on these operating systems: Linux
   (all recent distributions), Windows (Win2000 SP4 and later), FreeBSD,
   OpenBSD, NetBSD, Mac OS X, AIX, HP/UX, IRIX, Solaris, Tru64 Unix, and
   UnixWare. Other Unix-like systems may also work but are not currently
   being tested. In most cases, all CPU architectures supported by a given
   operating system will work. Look in the the Section called
   Platform-specific Notes below to see if there is information specific
   to your operating system, particularly if using an older system.

   If you have installation problems on a platform that is known to be
   supported according to recent build farm results, please report it to
   <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>. If you are interested in porting
   PostgreSQL to a new platform, <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org> is the
   appropriate place to discuss that.
     __________________________________________________________________

                           Platform-specific Notes

   This section documents additional platform-specific issues regarding
   the installation and setup of PostgreSQL. Be sure to read the
   installation instructions, and in particular the Section called
   Requirements as well. Also, check the file "src/test/regress/README"
   and the documentation regarding the interpretation of regression test
   results.

   Platforms that are not covered here have no known platform-specific
   installation issues.
     __________________________________________________________________

AIX

   PostgreSQL works on AIX, but getting it installed properly can be
   challenging. AIX versions from 4.3.3 to 6.1 are considered supported.
   You can use GCC or the native IBM compiler "xlc". In general, using
   recent versions of AIX and PostgreSQL helps. Check the build farm for
   up to date information about which versions of AIX are known to work.

   The minimum recommended fix levels for supported AIX versions are:

   AIX 4.3.3
          Maintenance Level 11 + post ML11 bundle

   AIX 5.1
          Maintenance Level 9 + post ML9 bundle

   AIX 5.2
          Technology Level 10 Service Pack 3

   AIX 5.3
          Technology Level 7

   AIX 6.1
          Base Level

   To check your current fix level, use "oslevel -r" in AIX 4.3.3 to AIX
   5.2 ML 7, or "oslevel -s" in later versions.

   Use the following "configure" flags in addition to your own if you have
   installed Readline or libz in /usr/local:
   --with-includes=/usr/local/include --with-libraries=/usr/local/lib.
     __________________________________________________________________

GCC Issues

   On AIX 5.3, there have been some problems getting PostgreSQL to compile
   and run using GCC.

   You will want to use a version of GCC subsequent to 3.3.2, particularly
   if you use a prepackaged version. We had good success with 4.0.1.
   Problems with earlier versions seem to have more to do with the way IBM
   packaged GCC than with actual issues with GCC, so that if you compile
   GCC yourself, you might well have success with an earlier version of
   GCC.
     __________________________________________________________________

Unix-Domain Sockets Broken

   AIX 5.3 has a problem where sockaddr_storage is not defined to be large
   enough. In version 5.3, IBM increased the size of sockaddr_un, the
   address structure for Unix-domain sockets, but did not correspondingly
   increase the size of sockaddr_storage. The result of this is that
   attempts to use Unix-domain sockets with PostgreSQL lead to libpq
   overflowing the data structure. TCP/IP connections work OK, but not
   Unix-domain sockets, which prevents the regression tests from working.

   The problem was reported to IBM, and is recorded as bug report
   PMR29657. If you upgrade to maintenance level 5300-03 or later, that
   will include this fix. A quick workaround is to alter _SS_MAXSIZE to
   1025 in "/usr/include/sys/socket.h". In either case, recompile
   PostgreSQL once you have the corrected header file.
     __________________________________________________________________

Internet Address Issues

   PostgreSQL relies on the system's getaddrinfo function to parse IP
   addresses in listen_addresses, "pg_hba.conf", etc. Older versions of
   AIX have assorted bugs in this function. If you have problems related
   to these settings, updating to the appropriate AIX fix level shown
   above should take care of it.

   One user reports:

   When implementing PostgreSQL version 8.1 on AIX 5.3, we periodically
   ran into problems where the statistics collector would "mysteriously"
   not come up successfully. This appears to be the result of unexpected
   behavior in the IPv6 implementation. It looks like PostgreSQL and IPv6
   do not play very well together on AIX 5.3.

   Any of the following actions "fix" the problem.

     * Delete the IPv6 address for localhost:
(as root)
# ifconfig lo0 inet6 ::1/0 delete
     * Remove IPv6 from net services. The file "/etc/netsvc.conf" on AIX
       is roughly equivalent to "/etc/nsswitch.conf" on Solaris/Linux. The
       default, on AIX, is thus:
hosts=local,bind
       Replace this with:
hosts=local4,bind4
       to deactivate searching for IPv6 addresses.

                                   Warning

   This is really a workaround for problems relating to immaturity of IPv6
   support, which improved visibly during the course of AIX 5.3 releases.
   It has worked with AIX version 5.3, but does not represent an elegant
   solution to the problem. It has been reported that this workaround is
   not only unnecessary, but causes problems on AIX 6.1, where IPv6
   support has become more mature.
     __________________________________________________________________

Memory Management

   AIX can be somewhat peculiar with regards to the way it does memory
   management. You can have a server with many multiples of gigabytes of
   RAM free, but still get out of memory or address space errors when
   running applications. One example is "createlang" failing with unusual
   errors. For example, running as the owner of the PostgreSQL
   installation:
-bash-3.00$ createlang plperl template1
createlang: language installation failed: ERROR:  could not load library "/opt/d
bs/pgsql748/lib/plperl.so": A memory address is not in the address space for the
 process.

   Running as a non-owner in the group possessing the PostgreSQL
   installation:
-bash-3.00$ createlang plperl template1
createlang: language installation failed: ERROR:  could not load library "/opt/d
bs/pgsql748/lib/plperl.so": Bad address

   Another example is out of memory errors in the PostgreSQL server logs,
   with every memory allocation near or greater than 256 MB failing.

   The overall cause of all these problems is the default bittedness and
   memory model used by the server process. By default, all binaries built
   on AIX are 32-bit. This does not depend upon hardware type or kernel in
   use. These 32-bit processes are limited to 4 GB of memory laid out in
   256 MB segments using one of a few models. The default allows for less
   than 256 MB in the heap as it shares a single segment with the stack.

   In the case of the "createlang" example, above, check your umask and
   the permissions of the binaries in your PostgreSQL installation. The
   binaries involved in that example were 32-bit and installed as mode 750
   instead of 755. Due to the permissions being set in this fashion, only
   the owner or a member of the possessing group can load the library.
   Since it isn't world-readable, the loader places the object into the
   process' heap instead of the shared library segments where it would
   otherwise be placed.

   The "ideal" solution for this is to use a 64-bit build of PostgreSQL,
   but that is not always practical, because systems with 32-bit
   processors can build, but not run, 64-bit binaries.

   If a 32-bit binary is desired, set LDR_CNTRL to MAXDATA=0xn0000000,
   where 1 <= n <= 8, before starting the PostgreSQL server, and try
   different values and "postgresql.conf" settings to find a configuration
   that works satisfactorily. This use of LDR_CNTRL tells AIX that you
   want the server to have MAXDATA bytes set aside for the heap, allocated
   in 256 MB segments. When you find a workable configuration, "ldedit"
   can be used to modify the binaries so that they default to using the
   desired heap size. PostgreSQL can also be rebuilt, passing configure
   LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bmaxdata:0xn0000000" to achieve the same effect.

   For a 64-bit build, set OBJECT_MODE to 64 and pass CC="gcc -maix64" and
   LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bbigtoc" to "configure". (Options for "xlc" might
   differ.) If you omit the export of OBJECT_MODE, your build may fail
   with linker errors. When OBJECT_MODE is set, it tells AIX's build
   utilities such as "ar", "as", and "ld" what type of objects to default
   to handling.

   By default, overcommit of paging space can happen. While we have not
   seen this occur, AIX will kill processes when it runs out of memory and
   the overcommit is accessed. The closest to this that we have seen is
   fork failing because the system decided that there was not enough
   memory for another process. Like many other parts of AIX, the paging
   space allocation method and out-of-memory kill is configurable on a
   system- or process-wide basis if this becomes a problem.

References and Resources

   "Large Program Support", AIX Documentation: General Programming
   Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs.

   "Program Address Space Overview", AIX Documentation: General
   Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs.

   "Performance Overview of the Virtual Memory Manager (VMM)", AIX
   Documentation: Performance Management Guide.

   "Page Space Allocation", AIX Documentation: Performance Management
   Guide.

   "Paging-space thresholds tuning", AIX Documentation: Performance
   Management Guide.

   Developing and Porting C and C++ Applications on AIX, IBM Redbook.
     __________________________________________________________________

Cygwin

   PostgreSQL can be built using Cygwin, a Linux-like environment for
   Windows, but that method is inferior to the native Windows build and
   running a server under Cygwin is no longer recommended.

   When building from source, proceed according to the normal installation
   procedure (i.e., ./configure; make; etc.), noting the following-Cygwin
   specific differences:

     * Set your path to use the Cygwin bin directory before the Windows
       utilities. This will help prevent problems with compilation.
     * The GNU make command is called "make", not "gmake".
     * The "adduser" command is not supported; use the appropriate user
       management application on Windows NT, 2000, or XP. Otherwise, skip
       this step.
     * The "su" command is not supported; use ssh to simulate su on
       Windows NT, 2000, or XP. Otherwise, skip this step.
     * OpenSSL is not supported.
     * Start "cygserver" for shared memory support. To do this, enter the
       command /usr/sbin/cygserver &. This program needs to be running
       anytime you start the PostgreSQL server or initialize a database
       cluster ("initdb"). The default "cygserver" configuration may need
       to be changed (e.g., increase SEMMNS) to prevent PostgreSQL from
       failing due to a lack of system resources.
     * Building might fail on some systems where a locale other than C is
       in use. To fix this, set the locale to C by doing "export
       LANG=C.utf8" before building, and then setting it back to the
       previous setting, after you have installed PostgreSQL.
     * The parallel regression tests (make check) can generate spurious
       regression test failures due to overflowing the listen() backlog
       queue which causes connection refused errors or hangs. You can
       limit the number of connections using the make variable
       MAX_CONNECTIONS thus:
make MAX_CONNECTIONS=5 check
       (On some systems you can have up to about 10 simultaneous
       connections).

   It is possible to install "cygserver" and the PostgreSQL server as
   Windows NT services. For information on how to do this, please refer to
   the "README" document included with the PostgreSQL binary package on
   Cygwin. It is installed in the directory "/usr/share/doc/Cygwin".
     __________________________________________________________________

HP-UX

   PostgreSQL 7.3+ should work on Series 700/800 PA-RISC machines running
   HP-UX 10.X or 11.X, given appropriate system patch levels and build
   tools. At least one developer routinely tests on HP-UX 10.20, and we
   have reports of successful installations on HP-UX 11.00 and 11.11.

   Aside from the PostgreSQL source distribution, you will need GNU make
   (HP's make will not do), and either GCC or HP's full ANSI C compiler.
   If you intend to build from Git sources rather than a distribution
   tarball, you will also need Flex (GNU lex) and Bison (GNU yacc). We
   also recommend making sure you are fairly up-to-date on HP patches. At
   a minimum, if you are building 64 bit binaries on on HP-UX 11.11 you
   may need PHSS_30966 (11.11) or a successor patch otherwise "initdb" may
   hang:

   PHSS_30966  s700_800 ld(1) and linker tools cumulative patch
   On general principles you should be current on libc and ld/dld patches,
   as well as compiler patches if you are using HP's C compiler. See HP's
   support sites such as http://itrc.hp.com and
   ftp://us-ffs.external.hp.com/ for free copies of their latest patches.

   If you are building on a PA-RISC 2.0 machine and want to have 64-bit
   binaries using GCC, you must use GCC 64-bit version. GCC binaries for
   HP-UX PA-RISC and Itanium are available from http://www.hp.com/go/gcc.
   Don't forget to get and install binutils at the same time.

   If you are building on a PA-RISC 2.0 machine and want the compiled
   binaries to run on PA-RISC 1.1 machines you will need to specify
   "+DAportable" in CFLAGS.

   If you are building on a HP-UX Itanium machine, you will need the
   latest HP ANSI C compiler with its dependent patch or successor
   patches:

   PHSS_30848  s700_800 HP C Compiler (A.05.57)
   PHSS_30849  s700_800 u2comp/be/plugin library Patch

   If you have both HP's C compiler and GCC's, then you might want to
   explicitly select the compiler to use when you run "configure":
./configure CC=cc

   for HP's C compiler, or
./configure CC=gcc

   for GCC. If you omit this setting, then configure will pick "gcc" if it
   has a choice.

   The default install target location is "/usr/local/pgsql", which you
   might want to change to something under "/opt". If so, use the
   "--prefix" switch to "configure".

   In the regression tests, there might be some low-order-digit
   differences in the geometry tests, which vary depending on which
   compiler and math library versions you use. Any other error is cause
   for suspicion.
     __________________________________________________________________

IRIX

   PostgreSQL has been reported to run successfully on MIPS r8000, r10000
   (both ip25 and ip27) and r12000(ip35) processors, running IRIX 6.5.5m,
   6.5.12, 6.5.13, and 6.5.26 with MIPSPro compilers version 7.30,
   7.3.1.2m, 7.3, and 7.4.4m.

   You will need the MIPSPro full ANSI C compiler. There are problems
   trying to build with GCC. It is a known GCC bug (not fixed as of
   version 3.0) related to using functions that return certain kinds of
   structures. This bug affects functions like inet_ntoa, inet_lnaof,
   inet_netof, inet_makeaddr, and semctl. It is supposed to be fixed by
   forcing code to link those functions with libgcc, but this has not been
   tested yet.

   It is known that version 7.4.1m of the MIPSPro compiler generates
   incorrect code. The symptom is "invalid primary checkpoint record" when
   trying to start the database.) Version 7.4.4m is OK; the status of
   intermediate versions is uncertain.

   There may be a compilation problem like the following:
cc-1020 cc: ERROR File = pqcomm.c, Line = 427
  The identifier "TCP_NODELAY" is undefined.

                if (setsockopt(port->sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY,

   Some versions include TCP definitions in "sys/xti.h", so it is
   necessary to add #include <sys/xti.h> in "src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c"
   and in "src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c". If you encounter this,
   please let us know so we can develop a proper fix.

   In the regression tests, there might be some low-order-digit
   differences in the geometry tests, depending on which FPU are you
   using. Any other error is cause for suspicion.
     __________________________________________________________________

MinGW/Native Windows

   PostgreSQL for Windows can be built using MinGW, a Unix-like build
   environment for Microsoft operating systems, or using Microsoft's
   Visual C++ compiler suite. The MinGW build variant uses the normal
   build system described in this chapter; the Visual C++ build works
   completely differently and is described in the documentation. It is a
   fully native build and uses no additional software like MinGW. A
   ready-made installer is available on the main PostgreSQL web site.

   The native Windows port requires a 32 or 64-bit version of Windows 2000
   or later. Earlier operating systems do not have sufficient
   infrastructure (but Cygwin may be used on those). MinGW, the Unix-like
   build tools, and MSYS, a collection of Unix tools required to run shell
   scripts like "configure", can be downloaded from http://www.mingw.org/.
   Neither is required to run the resulting binaries; they are needed only
   for creating the binaries.

   To build 64 bit binaries using MinGW, install the 64 bit tool set from
   http://mingw-w64.sourceforge.net/, put its bin directory in the PATH,
   and run "configure" with the "--host=x86_64-w64-mingw32" option.

   After you have everything installed, it is suggested that you run psql
   under "CMD.EXE", as the MSYS console has buffering issues.
     __________________________________________________________________

Collecting Crash Dumps on Windows

   If PostgreSQL on Windows crashes, it has the ability to generate
   minidumps that can be used to track down the cause for the crash,
   similar to core dumps on Unix. These dumps can be read using the
   Windows Debugger Tools or using Visual Studio. To enable the generation
   of dumps on Windows, create a subdirectory named "crashdumps" inside
   the cluster data directory. The dumps will then be written into this
   directory with a unique name based on the identifier of the crashing
   process and the current time of the crash.
     __________________________________________________________________

SCO OpenServer and SCO UnixWare

   PostgreSQL can be built on SCO UnixWare 7 and SCO OpenServer 5. On
   OpenServer, you can use either the OpenServer Development Kit or the
   Universal Development Kit. However, some tweaking may be needed, as
   described below.
     __________________________________________________________________

Skunkware

   You should locate your copy of the SCO Skunkware CD. The Skunkware CD
   is included with UnixWare 7 and current versions of OpenServer 5.
   Skunkware includes ready-to-install versions of many popular programs
   that are available on the Internet. For example, gzip, gunzip, GNU
   Make, Flex, and Bison are all included. For UnixWare 7.1, this CD is
   now labeled "Open License Software Supplement". If you do not have this
   CD, the software on it is available from http://www.sco.com/skunkware/.

   Skunkware has different versions for UnixWare and OpenServer. Make sure
   you install the correct version for your operating system, except as
   noted below.

   On UnixWare 7.1.3 and beyond, the GCC compiler is included on the UDK
   CD as is GNU Make.
     __________________________________________________________________

GNU Make

   You need to use the GNU Make program, which is on the Skunkware CD. By
   default, it installs as "/usr/local/bin/make". To avoid confusion with
   the SCO "make" program, you may want to rename GNU "make" to "gmake".

   As of UnixWare 7.1.3 and above, the GNU Make program is is the OSTK
   portion of the UDK CD, and is in "/usr/gnu/bin/gmake".
     __________________________________________________________________

Readline

   The Readline library is on the Skunkware CD. But it is not included on
   the UnixWare 7.1 Skunkware CD. If you have the UnixWare 7.0.0 or 7.0.1
   Skunkware CDs, you can install it from there. Otherwise, try
   http://www.sco.com/skunkware/.

   By default, Readline installs into "/usr/local/lib" and
   "/usr/local/include". However, the PostgreSQL "configure" program will
   not find it there without help. If you installed Readline, then use the
   following options to "configure":
./configure --with-libraries=/usr/local/lib --with-includes=/usr/local/include
     __________________________________________________________________

Using the UDK on OpenServer

   If you are using the new Universal Development Kit (UDK) compiler on
   OpenServer, you need to specify the locations of the UDK libraries:
./configure --with-libraries=/udk/usr/lib --with-includes=/udk/usr/include

   Putting these together with the Readline options from above:
./configure --with-libraries="/udk/usr/lib /usr/local/lib" --with-includes="/udk
/usr/include /usr/local/include"
     __________________________________________________________________

Reading the PostgreSQL Man Pages

   By default, the PostgreSQL man pages are installed into
   "/usr/local/pgsql/share/man". By default, UnixWare does not look there
   for man pages. To be able to read them you need to modify the MANPATH
   variable in "/etc/default/man", for example:
MANPATH=/usr/lib/scohelp/%L/man:/usr/dt/man:/usr/man:/usr/share/man:scohelp:/usr
/local/man:/usr/local/pgsql/share/man

   On OpenServer, some extra research needs to be invested to make the man
   pages usable, because the man system is a bit different from other
   platforms. Currently, PostgreSQL will not install them at all.
     __________________________________________________________________

C99 Issues with the 7.1.1b Feature Supplement

   For compilers earlier than the one released with OpenUNIX 8.0.0
   (UnixWare 7.1.2), including the 7.1.1b Feature Supplement, you may need
   to specify "-Xb" in CFLAGS or the CC environment variable. The
   indication of this is an error in compiling "tuplesort.c" referencing
   inline functions. Apparently there was a change in the 7.1.2(8.0.0)
   compiler and beyond.
     __________________________________________________________________

Threading on UnixWare

   For threading, you*must* use "-Kpthread" on *all* libpq-using programs.
   libpq uses pthread_* calls, which are only available with the
   "-Kpthread"/"-Kthread" flag.
     __________________________________________________________________

Solaris

   PostgreSQL is well-supported on Solaris. The more up to date your
   operating system, the fewer issues you will experience; details below.
     __________________________________________________________________

Required Tools

   You can build with either GCC or Sun's compiler suite. For better code
   optimization, Sun's compiler is strongly recommended on the SPARC
   architecture. We have heard reports of problems when using GCC 2.95.1;
   GCC 2.95.3 or later is recommended. If you are using Sun's compiler, be
   careful not to select "/usr/ucb/cc"; use "/opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc".

   You can download Sun Studio from
   http://developers.sun.com/sunstudio/downloads/. Many of GNU tools are
   integrated into Solaris 10, or they are present on the Solaris
   companion CD. If you like packages for older version of Solaris, you
   can find these tools at http://www.sunfreeware.com or
   http://www.blastwave.org. If you prefer sources, look at
   http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html.
     __________________________________________________________________

Problems with OpenSSL

   When you build PostgreSQL with OpenSSL support you might get
   compilation errors in the following files:

     * "src/backend/libpq/crypt.c"
     * "src/backend/libpq/password.c"
     * "src/interfaces/libpq/fe-auth.c"
     * "src/interfaces/libpq/fe-connect.c"

   This is because of a namespace conflict between the standard
   "/usr/include/crypt.h" header and the header files provided by OpenSSL.

   Upgrading your OpenSSL installation to version 0.9.6a fixes this
   problem. Solaris 9 and above has a newer version of OpenSSL.
     __________________________________________________________________

configure Complains About a Failed Test Program

   If "configure" complains about a failed test program, this is probably
   a case of the run-time linker being unable to find some library,
   probably libz, libreadline or some other non-standard library such as
   libssl. To point it to the right location, set the LDFLAGS environment
   variable on the "configure" command line, e.g.,
configure ... LDFLAGS="-R /usr/sfw/lib:/opt/sfw/lib:/usr/local/lib"

   See the ld man page for more information.
     __________________________________________________________________

64-bit Build Sometimes Crashes

   On Solaris 7 and older, the 64-bit version of libc has a buggy
   vsnprintf routine, which leads to erratic core dumps in PostgreSQL. The
   simplest known workaround is to force PostgreSQL to use its own version
   of vsnprintf rather than the library copy. To do this, after you run
   "configure" edit a file produced by "configure": In
   "src/Makefile.global", change the line
LIBOBJS =

   to read
LIBOBJS = snprintf.o

   (There might be other files already listed in this variable. Order does
   not matter.) Then build as usual.
     __________________________________________________________________

Compiling for Optimal Performance

   On the SPARC architecture, Sun Studio is strongly recommended for
   compilation. Try using the "-xO5" optimization flag to generate
   significantly faster binaries. Do not use any flags that modify
   behavior of floating-point operations and errno processing (e.g.,
   "-fast"). These flags could raise some nonstandard PostgreSQL behavior
   for example in the date/time computing.

   If you do not have a reason to use 64-bit binaries on SPARC, prefer the
   32-bit version. The 64-bit operations are slower and 64-bit binaries
   are slower than the 32-bit variants. And on other hand, 32-bit code on
   the AMD64 CPU family is not native, and that is why 32-bit code is
   significant slower on this CPU family.

   Some tricks for tuning PostgreSQL and Solaris for performance can be
   found at
   http://www.sun.com/servers/coolthreads/tnb/applications_postgresql.jsp.
   This article is primary focused on T2000 platform, but many of the
   recommendations are also useful on other hardware with Solaris.
     __________________________________________________________________

Using DTrace for Tracing PostgreSQL

   Yes, using DTrace is possible. See the documentation for further
   information. You can also find more information in this article:
   http://blogs.sun.com/robertlor/entry/user_level_dtrace_probes_in.

   If you see the linking of the "postgres" executable abort with an error
   message like:
Undefined                       first referenced
 symbol                             in file
AbortTransaction                    utils/probes.o
CommitTransaction                   utils/probes.o
ld: fatal: Symbol referencing errors. No output written to postgres
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
gmake: *** [postgres] Error 1

   your DTrace installation is too old to handle probes in static
   functions. You need Solaris 10u4 or newer.