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The `!psycopg` module
=====================
Psycopg implements the `Python Database DB API 2.0 specification`__. As such
it also exposes the `module-level objects`__ required by the specifications.
.. __: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/
.. __: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#module-interface
.. module:: psycopg
.. autofunction:: connect
This is an alias of the class method `Connection.connect`: see its
documentation for details.
If you need an asynchronous connection use `AsyncConnection.connect`
instead.
.. data:: capabilities
An object that can be used to verify that the client library used by
psycopg implements a certain feature. For instance::
# Fail at import time if encrypted passwords is not available
import psycopg
psycopg.capabilities.has_encrypt_password(check=True)
# Verify at runtime if a feature can be used
if psycopg.capabilities.has_hostaddr():
print(conn.info.hostaddr)
else:
print("unknown connection hostadd")
:type: `Capabilities`
.. versionadded:: 3.2
.. rubric:: Exceptions
The standard `DBAPI exceptions`__ are exposed both by the `!psycopg` module
and by the `psycopg.errors` module. The latter also exposes more specific
exceptions, mapping to the database error states (see
:ref:`sqlstate-exceptions`).
.. __: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#exceptions
.. parsed-literal::
`!Exception`
\|__ `Warning`
\|__ `Error`
\|__ `InterfaceError`
\|__ `DatabaseError`
\|__ `DataError`
\|__ `OperationalError`
\|__ `IntegrityError`
\|__ `InternalError`
\|__ `ProgrammingError`
\|__ `NotSupportedError`
.. data:: adapters
The default adapters map establishing how Python and PostgreSQL types are
converted into each other.
This map is used as a template when new connections are created, using
`psycopg.connect()`. Its `~psycopg.adapt.AdaptersMap.types` attribute is a
`~psycopg.types.TypesRegistry` containing information about every
PostgreSQL builtin type, useful for adaptation customisation (see
:ref:`adaptation`)::
>>> psycopg.adapters.types["int4"]
<TypeInfo: int4 (oid: 23, array oid: 1007)>
:type: `~psycopg.adapt.AdaptersMap`
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