File: m_macosx.c

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/*
 * m_macosx.c
 *
 * AUTHOR:	Andrew S. Townley
 *		based on m_bsd44.c and m_next32.c
 *		by Christos Zoulas and Tim Pugh
 * CREATED: Tue Aug 11 01:51:35 CDT 1998
 * SYNOPSIS:  MacOS X Server (Rhapsody Developer Release 2)
 * DESCRIPTION:
 *	MacOS X Server (Rhapsody Developer Release 2)
 *
 * CFLAGS: -DHAVE_STRERROR
 * TERMCAP: none
 * MATH: none
 */

/*
 * normal stuff
 */

#include "config.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "os.h"
#include "pg_top.h"
#include "machine.h"
#include "utils.h"

/*
 * MacOS kernel stuff
 */

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/dkstat.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <mach/message.h>
#include <mach/vm_statistics.h>
#include <mach/mach.h>
#include <mach/host_info.h>

/* for new sysctl calls */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#define VMUNIX		"/mach_kernel"
/* #define MEM		"/dev/mem" */
#define SWAP		NULL

#define NUM_AVERAGES	3
#define LOG1024		10

#define PP(pp, field)	((pp)->kp_proc . field)
#define EP(pp, field)	((pp)->kp_eproc . field)
#define VP(pp, field)	((pp)->kp_eproc.e_vm . field)
#define MPP(mp, field)	(PP((mp)->kproc, field))
#define MEP(mp, field)	(EP((mp)->kproc, field))
#define MVP(mp, field)	(VP((mp)->kproc, field))
#define TP(mp, field)	((mp)->task_info . field)
#define RP(mp, field)	((mp)->thread_summary . field)

/* define what weighted cpu is */
#define weighted_cpu(pct, s) (s == 0 ? 0.0 : \
						 ((pct) / (1.0 - exp(s * logcpu))))

/* what we consider to be process size: */
#ifdef notdef
#define PROCSIZE(pp) (VP((pp), vm_tsize) + VP((pp), vm_dsize) + VP((pp), vm_ssize))
#endif
#define PROCSIZE(pp) (EP(pp, e_xsize))
#define TASKSIZE(t) (TP(t, virtual_size) + TP(t, resident_size))

/* what we consider to be resident set size: */
#ifdef notdef
#define RSSIZE(pp) (MVP((pp), vm_rssize))
#endif
#define RSSIZE(pp) (MEP((pp), e_xrssize))

#define pctdouble(p) ((double)(p) / FSCALE)

/*
 * globals
 */

/* static kvm_t *kd = NULL; */
static int	nproc;
static int	onproc = -1;
static int	pref_len;
static int	maxmem;
static char fmt[MAX_COLS];
/* static double logcpu = 1.0; */

/* process array stuff */

static struct kinfo_proc *kproc_list = NULL;
static struct macos_proc *proc_list = NULL;
static struct macos_proc **proc_ref = NULL;
static int	process_states[7];
static struct handle handle;
static struct kinfo_proc *pbase;

/*
 * The mach information hopefully will not be necessary
 * when the kvm_* interfaces are supported completely.
 *
 * Since we're only concerned with task and thread info
 * for 'interesting' processes, we're going to only allocate
 * as many task and thread structures as needed.
 */

/* static struct task_basic_info *task_list = NULL; */

/* memory statistics */

static int	pageshift = 0;
static int	pagesize = 0;

#define pagetok(size)	((size) << pageshift)

static int	swappgsin = -1;
static int	swappgsout = -1;
static vm_statistics_data_t vm_stats;
static long memory_stats[7];

/* CPU state percentages */

host_cpu_load_info_data_t cpuload;

static int64_t cp_time[CPU_STATE_MAX];
static int64_t cp_old[CPU_STATE_MAX];
static int64_t cp_diff[CPU_STATE_MAX];
static int64_t	cpu_states[CPU_STATE_MAX];

/*
 * types
 */

typedef long pctcpu;

/*
 * We need to declare a hybrid structure which will store all
 * of the stuff we care about for each process.
 */

struct macos_proc
{
	struct kinfo_proc *kproc;
	task_t		the_task;
	struct task_basic_info task_info;
	unsigned int thread_count;
	struct thread_basic_info thread_summary;
};

static int	show_fullcmd;
struct handle
{
	struct macos_proc **next_proc;
	int			remaining;
};


static char header[] =
"  PID X        PRI THRD  SIZE   RES STATE   TIME    MEM    CPU COMMAND";

/* 0123456	 -- field to fill in starts at header+6 */
#define UNAME_START 6

#define Proc_format \
		"%5d %-8.8s %3d %4d %5s %5s %-5s %6s %5.2f%% %5.2f%% %.180s"


int			proc_compare(const void *, const void *);


/*
 * puke()
 *
 * This function is used to report errors to stderr.
 */

static void
puke(const char *fmt,...)
{
	va_list		args;

	va_start(args, fmt);
	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	fputc('\n', stderr);
	fflush(stderr);
}


/* 
 * xfrm_cmdline - fix \0 at string ends
 *
 *
 */

static void
xfrm_cmdline(char *p, int len)
{
	while (--len > 0)
	{
		if (*p == '\0')
		{
			*p = ' ';
		}
		p++;
	}
}

/*
 * load_thread_info()
 *
 * This function will attempt to load the thread summary info
 * for a Mach task.  The task is located as part of the macos_proc
 * structure.
 *
 * returns the kern_return_t value of any failed call or KERN_SUCCESS
 * if everything works.
 */

int
load_thread_info(struct macos_proc * mp)
{
	register kern_return_t rc = 0;
	register int i = 0;
	register int t_utime = 0;
	register int t_stime = 0;
	register int t_cpu = 0;
	register task_t the_task = mp->the_task;

	thread_array_t thread_list = NULL;

	/*
	 * We need to load all of the threads for the given task so we can get the
	 * performance data from them.
	 */

	mp->thread_count = 0;
	rc = task_threads(the_task, &thread_list, &(mp->thread_count));

	if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS)
	{
/*		puke("error:  unable to load threads for task (%s); rc = %d", strerror(errno), rc); */
		return (rc);
	}

	/*
	 * now, for each of the threads, we need to sum the stats so we can
	 * present the whole thing to the caller.
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < mp->thread_count; i++)
	{
		struct thread_basic_info t_info;
		unsigned int icount = THREAD_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
		kern_return_t rc = 0;

		rc = thread_info(thread_list[i], THREAD_BASIC_INFO,
						 (thread_info_t) & t_info, &icount);

		if (rc != KERN_SUCCESS)
		{
			puke("error:  unable to load thread info for task (%s); rc = %d", strerror(errno), rc);
			return (rc);
		}

		t_utime += t_info.user_time.seconds;
		t_stime += t_info.system_time.seconds;
		t_cpu += t_info.cpu_usage;
	}

	vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t) thread_list, sizeof(thread_array_t) * (mp->thread_count));

	/*
	 * Now, we load the values in the structure above.
	 */

	RP(mp, user_time).seconds = t_utime;
	RP(mp, system_time).seconds = t_stime;
	RP(mp, cpu_usage) = t_cpu;

	return (KERN_SUCCESS);
}




/*
 * prototypes for functions which pg_top needs
 */

char	   *printable();

/*
 * definitions for offsets
 */

#define X_NPROC		0
#define X_HZ		1
#define X_MAXMEM	2

#define NLIST_LAST	3

static char *procstates[] =
{
	"",
	" starting, ",
	" running, ",
	" sleeping, ",
	" stopped, ",
	" zombie, ",
	" swapped ",
	NULL
};

static char *cpustates[] =
{
	"user",
	"system",
	"idle",
	"nice",
	NULL
};

static char *state_abbrev[] =
{
	"",
	"start",
	"run\0\0\0",
	"sleep",
	"stop",
	"zomb"
};

/* 
static char *mach_state[] =
{
	"",
	"R",
	"T",
	"S",
	"U",
	"H"
};
*/
/* 
static char *thread_state[] =
{
	"",
	"run\0\0\0",
	"stop",
	"wait",
	"uwait",
	"halted",
};

*/

/* 
static char *flags_state[] =
{
	"",
	"W",
	"I"
};
*/

static char *memnames[] =
{
	"K Tot, ",
	"K Free, ",
	"K Act, ",
	"K Inact, ",
	"K Wired, ",
	"K in, ",
	"K out ",
	NULL
};

/*
 * format_header()
 *
 * This function is used to add the username into the
 * header information.
 */

char *
format_header(register char *uname_field)
{
	register char *ptr;

	ptr = header + UNAME_START;
	while (*uname_field != '\0')
		*ptr++ = *uname_field++;

	return (header);
}

/*
 * format_next_process()
 *
 * This function actually is responsible for the formatting of
 * each row which is displayed.
 */

char		cmd[MAX_COLS];

char *
format_next_process(caddr_t handle, char *(*getuserid) ())
{
	register struct macos_proc *pp;
	register long cputime;
	register double pct;
	struct handle *hp;

	/*
	 * we need to keep track of the next proc structure.
	 */

	hp = (struct handle *) handle;
	pp = *(hp->next_proc++);
	hp->remaining--;

	/*
	 * get the process structure and take care of the cputime
	 */

	if ((MPP(pp, p_flag) & P_INMEM) == 0)
	{
		/* we want to print swapped processes as <pname> */
		char	   *comm = MPP(pp, p_comm);

#define COMSIZ	sizeof(MPP(pp, p_comm))
		char		buf[COMSIZ];

		strncpy(buf, comm, COMSIZ);
		comm[0] = '<';
		strncpy(&comm[1], buf, COMSIZ - 2);
		comm[COMSIZ - 2] = '\0';
		strncat(comm, ">", COMSIZ - 1);
		comm[COMSIZ - 1] = '\0';
	}

	/*
	 * count the cpu time, but ignore the interrupts
	 *
	 * At the present time (DR2 8/1998), MacOS X doesn't correctly report this
	 * information through the kinfo_proc structure.  We need to get it from
	 * the task threads.
	 *
	 * cputime = PP(pp, p_rtime).tv_sec;
	 */

	cputime = RP(pp, user_time).seconds + RP(pp, system_time).seconds;

	/*
	 * calculate the base cpu percentages
	 *
	 * Again, at the present time, MacOS X doesn't report this information
	 * through the kinfo_proc.	We need to talk to the threads.
	 */

/*	pct = pctdouble(PP(pp, p_pctcpu)); */
	pct = (double) (RP(pp, cpu_usage)) / TH_USAGE_SCALE;

        char *args = NULL, *namePtr = NULL, *stringPtr = '\0';

        /* get the process's command name in to "cmd" */
        if (show_fullcmd)
        {
                size_t size = 0;
                int mib[4], maxarg, numArgs;

                mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
                mib[1] = KERN_ARGMAX;

                size = sizeof(maxarg);
                if ( sysctl(mib, 2, &maxarg, &size, NULL, 0) == -1 ) {
			perror("maxarg");
                        return "1";
		}
		/* fix for kernel bug? */
		maxarg = 8192;
                args = (char *) malloc( maxarg );
                if ( args == NULL ) {
			perror("args");
                        return "1";
                }

                mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
                mib[1] = KERN_PROCARGS;
                mib[2] = MPP(pp, p_pid);

		if (mib[2] > 0) {
			size = (size_t) maxarg;
                	if ( sysctl(mib, 3, args, &size, NULL, 0) == -1 ) {
				perror("sysctl args"); /* don't freak out because might just be a process that ended */
                	}

                        xfrm_cmdline(args, maxarg);
                	memcpy ( &numArgs, args, sizeof(numArgs));


                	stringPtr = args + sizeof(numArgs);

			if ( (namePtr = strchr(stringPtr, '/')) != NULL ) {
                        	*namePtr++;
                	}

                	stringPtr = namePtr;
		}
        }

	/*
	 * format the entry
	 */

	/*
	 * In the final version, I would expect this to work correctly, but it
	 * seems that not all of the fields in the proc structure are being used.
	 *
	 * For now, we'll attempt to get some of the things we need from the mach
	 * task info.
	 */

	sprintf(fmt,
			Proc_format,
			MPP(pp, p_pid),
			(*getuserid) (MEP(pp, e_pcred.p_ruid)),
/*		TP(pp, base_priority), */
			0,
			pp->thread_count,
			format_k(TASKSIZE(pp) / 1024),
			format_k(pagetok(RSSIZE(pp))),
			state_abbrev[(u_char) MPP(pp, p_stat)],
			format_time(cputime),
			100.0 * TP(pp, resident_size) / maxmem,
/*		100.0 * weighted_cpu(pct, (RP(pp, user_time).seconds + RP(pp, system_time).seconds)), */
			100.0 * pct,
			stringPtr);

	return (fmt);
}

/*
 * get_process_info()
 *
 * This function returns information about the processes
 * on the system.
 */

caddr_t
get_process_info(struct system_info * si,
				 struct process_select * sel, int x, char *conninfo)

{
	register int i;
	register int total_procs;
	register int active_procs;
	register struct macos_proc **prefp;
	register struct macos_proc *pp;
	register struct kinfo_proc *pp2;

	/*
	 * these are copied out of sel for speed
	 */

	int			show_idle;
	int			show_system;
	int			show_uid;
	int			show_command;

	/* begin mucking */
	/* kproc_list = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_ALL, 0, &nproc); */
	PGconn	   *pgconn;
	PGresult   *pgresult = NULL;

	nproc = 0;
	pgconn = connect_to_db(conninfo);
	if (pgconn != NULL)
	{
		pgresult = PQexec(pgconn, QUERY_PROCESSES);
		nproc = PQntuples(pgresult);
		pbase = (struct kinfo_proc *) malloc(sizeof(struct kinfo_proc *));
	}
	PQfinish(pgconn);

	int mib[4];
	mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
	mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
	mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;

	size_t len = nproc;
	/* if (sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib)/ sizeof(int), NULL, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
		perror("sysctl test");
		return 1;
	} */

	struct kinfo_proc *buffer;
	buffer = (struct kinfo_proc *) malloc( len * sizeof(struct kinfo_proc) );

	for (i = 0; i < nproc ; i++) {

		size_t size = sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);	
                mib[3] = atoi(PQgetvalue(pgresult, i, 0));
		
        	if (sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib)/sizeof(int), &buffer[i], &size, NULL, 0) == -1) {
			perror("sysctl atoi loop");
			return "1";
		}

	}

	kproc_list = buffer;
	len = nproc;
	/* end selena's messing about */

	if (nproc > onproc)
	{
		proc_list = (struct macos_proc *) realloc(proc_list, sizeof(struct macos_proc) * nproc);
		proc_ref = (struct macos_proc **) realloc(proc_ref, sizeof(struct macos_proc *) * (onproc = nproc));
	}

	if (proc_ref == NULL || proc_list == NULL || kproc_list == NULL)
	{
		puke("error:  out of memory (%s)", strerror(errno));
		return (NULL);
	}

	/*
	 * now, our task is to build the array of information we need to function
	 * correctly.  This involves setting a pointer to each real kinfo_proc
	 * structure returned by kvm_getprocs() in addition to getting the mach
	 * information for each of those processes.
	 */

	for (pp2 = kproc_list, i = 0; i < nproc; pp2++, i++)
	{

		/*
		 * first, we set the pointer to the reference in the kproc list.
		 */

		proc_list[i].kproc = pp2;

		/*
		 * then, we load all of the task info for the process
		 */

		if (PP(pp2, p_stat) != SZOMB)
		{
			load_thread_info(&proc_list[i]);
		}
	}

	/* get a pointer to the states summary array */
	si->procstates = process_states;

	/* set up flags which define what we are going to select */
	show_idle = sel->idle;
	show_uid = sel->uid != -1;
	show_command = sel->command != NULL;
	show_fullcmd = sel->fullcmd;

	/* count up process states and get pointers to interesting procs */
	total_procs = 0;
	active_procs = 0;
	memset((char *) process_states, 0, sizeof(process_states));
	prefp = proc_ref;
	for (pp = proc_list, i = 0; i < nproc; pp++, i++)
	{
		/*
		 * Place pointers to each valid proc structure in proc_ref[].  Process
		 * slots that are actually in use have a non-zero status field.
		 * Processes with P_SYSTEM set are system processes---these get
		 * ignored unless show_sysprocs is set.
		 */
		if (MPP(pp, p_stat) != 0 &&
			(show_system || ((MPP(pp, p_flag) & P_SYSTEM) == 0)))
		{
			total_procs++;
			process_states[(unsigned char) MPP(pp, p_stat)]++;
			if ((MPP(pp, p_stat) != SZOMB) &&
				(show_idle || (MPP(pp, p_pctcpu) != 0) ||
				 (MPP(pp, p_stat) == SRUN)) &&
				(!show_uid || MEP(pp, e_pcred.p_ruid) == (uid_t) sel->uid))
			{
				*prefp++ = pp;
				active_procs++;
			}
		}
	}

	/*
	 * if requested, sort the "interesting" processes
	 */

	qsort((char *) proc_ref, active_procs, sizeof(struct macos_proc *), proc_compare);

	/* remember active and total counts */
	si->p_total = total_procs;
	si->p_active = pref_len = active_procs;

	/* pass back a handle */
	handle.next_proc = proc_ref;
	handle.remaining = active_procs;
	return ((caddr_t) & handle);
}

/*
 * get_system_info()
 *
 * This function is responsible for geting the periodic
 * system information snapshot.
 */

void
get_system_info(struct system_info * si)
{
	register long total;
	register int i;
	unsigned int count = HOST_CPU_LOAD_INFO_COUNT;

	if (host_statistics(mach_host_self(), HOST_CPU_LOAD_INFO,
						(host_info_t) & cpuload, &count) == KERN_SUCCESS)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < CPU_STATE_MAX; i++)
		{
			cp_time[i] = cpuload.cpu_ticks[i];
		}
	}

#ifdef MAX_VERBOSE

	/*
	 * print out the entries
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < CPU_STATE_MAX; i++)
		printf("cp_time[%d] = %d\n", i, cp_time[i]);
	fflush(stdout);
#endif   /* MAX_VERBOSE */

	/*
	 * get the load averages
	 */
/*
	if (kvm_getloadavg(kd, si->load_avg, NUM_AVERAGES) == -1)
	{
		puke("error:  kvm_getloadavg() failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
		return;
	}
*/

#ifdef MAX_VERBOSE
	printf("%-30s%03.2f, %03.2f, %03.2f\n",
		   "load averages:",
		   si->load_avg[0],
		   si->load_avg[1],
		   si->load_avg[2]);
#endif   /* MAX_VERBOSE */

	total = percentages(CPU_STATE_MAX, cpu_states, cp_time, cp_old, cp_diff);

	/*
	 * get the memory statistics
	 */

	{
		kern_return_t status;

		count = HOST_VM_INFO_COUNT;
		status = host_statistics(mach_host_self(), HOST_VM_INFO,
								 (host_info_t) & vm_stats, &count);

		if (status != KERN_SUCCESS)
		{
			puke("error:  vm_statistics() failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
			return;
		}

		/*
		 * we already have the total memory, we just need to get it in the
		 * right format.
		 */

		pagesize = 1; /* temporary fix to div by 0 errors */
		memory_stats[0] = pagetok(maxmem / pagesize);
		memory_stats[1] = pagetok(vm_stats.free_count);
		memory_stats[2] = pagetok(vm_stats.active_count);
		memory_stats[3] = pagetok(vm_stats.inactive_count);
		memory_stats[4] = pagetok(vm_stats.wire_count);

		if (swappgsin < 0)
		{
			memory_stats[5] = 1;
			memory_stats[6] = 1;
		}
		else
		{
			memory_stats[5] = pagetok(((vm_stats.pageins - swappgsin)));
			memory_stats[6] = pagetok(((vm_stats.pageouts - swappgsout)));
		}
		swappgsin = vm_stats.pageins;
		swappgsout = vm_stats.pageouts;
	}

	si->cpustates = cpu_states;
	si->memory = memory_stats;
	si->last_pid = -1;

	return;
}

/*
 * machine_init()
 *
 * This function is responsible for filling in the values of the
 * statics structure.
 */

int
machine_init(struct statics * stat)
{
	size_t		size;

	size = sizeof(maxmem);
	sysctlbyname("hw.physmem", &maxmem, &size, NULL, 0);

	size = sizeof(nproc);
	sysctlbyname("kern.maxproc", &nproc, &size, NULL, 0);

#ifdef MAX_VERBOSE
	printf("%-30s%10d\n", "total system memory:", maxmem);
#endif   /* MAX_VERBOSE */

	/*
	 * calculate the pageshift from the system page size
	 */

	pagesize = getpagesize();
	pageshift = 0;
	while ((pagesize >>= 1) > 0)
		pageshift++;

	pageshift -= LOG1024;

	/*
	 * fill in the statics information
	 */

	stat->procstate_names = procstates;
	stat->cpustate_names = cpustates;
	stat->memory_names = memnames;
	stat->flags.fullcmds = 1;

	/*  if ((kd = kvm_open(NULL, NULL, NULL, O_RDONLY, "kvm_open")) == NULL)
		return -1;
	*/
	return (0);
}

/* comparison routine for qsort */

/*
 *	proc_compare - comparison function for "qsort"
 *	Compares the resource consumption of two processes using five
 *		distinct keys.	The keys (in descending order of importance) are:
 *		percent cpu, cpu ticks, state, resident set size, total virtual
 *		memory usage.  The process states are ordered as follows (from least
 *		to most important):  WAIT, zombie, sleep, stop, start, run.  The
 *		array declaration below maps a process state index into a number
 *		that reflects this ordering.
 */

static unsigned char sorted_state[] =
{
	0,							/* not used		*/
	3,							/* sleep		*/
	1,							/* ABANDONED (WAIT) */
	6,							/* run			*/
	5,							/* start		*/
	2,							/* zombie		*/
	4							/* stop			*/
};

int
proc_compare(const void *pp1, const void *pp2)
{
	register struct macos_proc *p1;
	register struct macos_proc *p2;
	register int result;
	register pctcpu lresult;

	/* remove one level of indirection */
	p1 = *(struct macos_proc **) pp1;
	p2 = *(struct macos_proc **) pp2;

	/* compare percent cpu (pctcpu) */
	if ((lresult = RP(p2, cpu_usage) - RP(p1, cpu_usage)) == 0)
	{
		/* use cpticks to break the tie */
		if ((result = MPP(p2, p_cpticks) - MPP(p1, p_cpticks)) == 0)
		{
			/* use process state to break the tie */
			if ((result = sorted_state[(unsigned char) MPP(p2, p_stat)] -
				 sorted_state[(unsigned char) MPP(p1, p_stat)]) == 0)
			{
				/* use priority to break the tie */
				if ((result = MPP(p2, p_priority) - MPP(p1, p_priority)) == 0)
				{
					/* use resident set size (rssize) to break the tie */
					if ((result = RSSIZE(p2) - RSSIZE(p1)) == 0)
					{
						/* use total memory to break the tie */
						result = PROCSIZE(p2->kproc) - PROCSIZE(p1->kproc);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	else
	{
		result = lresult < 0 ? -1 : 1;
	}

	return (result);
}


/*
 * proc_owner(pid) - returns the uid that owns process "pid", or -1 if
 *		the process does not exist.
 *		It is EXTREMLY IMPORTANT that this function work correctly.
 *		If pg_top runs setuid root (as in SVR4), then this function
 *		is the only thing that stands in the way of a serious
 *		security problem.  It validates requests for the "kill"
 *		and "renice" commands.
 */

uid_t
proc_owner(pid_t pid)
{
	register int cnt;
	register struct macos_proc **prefp;
	register struct macos_proc *pp;

	prefp = proc_ref;
	cnt = pref_len;
	while (--cnt >= 0)
	{
		pp = *prefp++;
		if (MPP(pp, p_pid) == (pid_t) pid)
		{
			return ((int) MEP(pp, e_pcred.p_ruid));
		}
	}
	return (-1);
}