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  <title>The full Pygments API &mdash; Pygments</title>
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<body>
  <div id="content">
    <h1 class="heading">Pygments</h1>
    <h2 class="subheading">The full Pygments API</h2>
    
      <a id="backlink" href="index.html">&laquo; Back To Index</a>
    
    
      <div class="toc">
        <h2>Contents</h2>
        <ul class="contents">
        
          <li><a href="#high-level-api">High-level API</a></li>
        
          <li><a href="#lexers">Lexers</a></li>
        
          <li><a href="#formatters">Formatters</a></li>
        
          <li><a href="#option-processing">Option processing</a></li>
        
        </ul>
      </div>
    
    <!-- -*- mode: rst -*- -->
<p>This page describes the Pygments API.</p>
<div class="section" id="high-level-api">
<h3>High-level API</h3>
<p>Functions from the <cite>pygments</cite> module:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>def <cite>lex(code, lexer):</cite></dt>
<dd>Lex <cite>code</cite> with the <cite>lexer</cite> (must be a <cite>Lexer</cite> instance)
and return an iterable of tokens. Currently, this only calls
<cite>lexer.get_tokens()</cite>.</dd>
<dt>def <cite>format(tokens, formatter, outfile=None):</cite></dt>
<dd>Format a token stream (iterable of tokens) <cite>tokens</cite> with the
<cite>formatter</cite> (must be a <cite>Formatter</cite> instance). The result is
written to <cite>outfile</cite>, or if that is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, returned as a
string.</dd>
<dt>def <cite>highlight(code, lexer, formatter, outfile=None):</cite></dt>
<dd>This is the most high-level highlighting function.
It combines <cite>lex</cite> and <cite>format</cite> in one function.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Functions from <cite>pygments.lexers</cite>:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>def <cite>get_lexer_by_name(alias, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return an instance of a <cite>Lexer</cite> subclass that has <cite>alias</cite> in its
aliases list. The lexer is given the <cite>options</cite> at its
instantiation.</p>
<p class="last">Will raise <cite>pygments.util.ClassNotFound</cite> if no lexer with that alias is
found.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_lexer_for_filename(fn, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return a <cite>Lexer</cite> subclass instance that has a filename pattern
matching <cite>fn</cite>. The lexer is given the <cite>options</cite> at its
instantiation.</p>
<p class="last">Will raise <cite>pygments.util.ClassNotFound</cite> if no lexer for that filename is
found.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_lexer_for_mimetype(mime, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return a <cite>Lexer</cite> subclass instance that has <cite>mime</cite> in its mimetype
list. The lexer is given the <cite>options</cite> at its instantiation.</p>
<p class="last">Will raise <cite>pygments.util.ClassNotFound</cite> if not lexer for that mimetype is
found.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>guess_lexer(text, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return a <cite>Lexer</cite> subclass instance that's guessed from the text
in <cite>text</cite>. For that, the <cite>analyse_text()</cite> method of every known
lexer class is called with the text as argument, and the lexer
which returned the highest value will be instantiated and returned.</p>
<p class="last"><cite>pygments.util.ClassNotFound</cite> is raised if no lexer thinks it can handle the
content.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>guess_lexer_for_filename(filename, text, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">As <cite>guess_lexer()</cite>, but only lexers which have a pattern in <cite>filenames</cite>
or <cite>alias_filenames</cite> that matches <cite>filename</cite> are taken into consideration.</p>
<p class="last"><cite>pygments.util.ClassNotFound</cite> is raised if no lexer thinks it can handle the
content.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_all_lexers():</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return an iterable over all registered lexers, yielding tuples in the
format:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
(longname, tuple of aliases, tuple of filename patterns, tuple of mimetypes)
</pre>
<p class="last"><em>New in Pygments 0.6.</em></p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Functions from <cite>pygments.formatters</cite>:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>def <cite>get_formatter_by_name(alias, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return an instance of a <cite>Formatter</cite> subclass that has <cite>alias</cite> in its
aliases list. The formatter is given the <cite>options</cite> at its
instantiation.</p>
<p class="last">Will raise <cite>pygments.util.ClassNotFound</cite> if no formatter with that alias is
found.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_formatter_for_filename(fn, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return a <cite>Formatter</cite> subclass instance that has a filename pattern
matching <cite>fn</cite>. The formatter is given the <cite>options</cite> at its
instantiation.</p>
<p class="last">Will raise <cite>pygments.util.ClassNotFound</cite> if no formatter for that filename
is found.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Functions from <cite>pygments.styles</cite>:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>def <cite>get_style_by_name(name):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return a style class by its short name. The names of the builtin styles
are listed in <cite>pygments.styles.STYLE_MAP</cite>.</p>
<p class="last">Will raise <cite>pygments.util.ClassNotFound</cite> if no style of that name is found.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_all_styles():</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Return an iterable over all registered styles, yielding their names.</p>
<p class="last"><em>New in Pygments 0.6.</em></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="lexers">
<h3>Lexers</h3>
<p>A lexer (derived from <cite>pygments.lexer.Lexer</cite>) has the following functions:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>def <cite>__init__(self, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">The constructor. Takes a **keywords dictionary of options.
Every subclass must first process its own options and then call
the <cite>Lexer</cite> constructor, since it processes the <cite>stripnl</cite>,
<cite>stripall</cite> and <cite>tabsize</cite> options.</p>
<p>An example looks like this:</p>
<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#39;compress&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">Lexer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p class="last">As these options must all be specifiable as strings (due to the
command line usage), there are various utility functions
available to help with that, see <a class="reference internal" href="#option-processing">Option processing</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_tokens(self, text):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This method is the basic interface of a lexer. It is called by
the <cite>highlight()</cite> function. It must process the text and return an
iterable of <tt class="docutils literal">(tokentype, value)</tt> pairs from <cite>text</cite>.</p>
<p class="last">Normally, you don't need to override this method. The default
implementation processes the <cite>stripnl</cite>, <cite>stripall</cite> and <cite>tabsize</cite>
options and then yields all tokens from <cite>get_tokens_unprocessed()</cite>,
with the <tt class="docutils literal">index</tt> dropped.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This method should process the text and return an iterable of
<tt class="docutils literal">(index, tokentype, value)</tt> tuples where <tt class="docutils literal">index</tt> is the starting
position of the token within the input text.</p>
<p class="last">This method must be overridden by subclasses.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>analyse_text(text):</cite></dt>
<dd>A static method which is called for lexer guessing. It should analyse
the text and return a float in the range from <tt class="docutils literal">0.0</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal">1.0</tt>.
If it returns <tt class="docutils literal">0.0</tt>, the lexer will not be selected as the most
probable one, if it returns <tt class="docutils literal">1.0</tt>, it will be selected immediately.</dd>
</dl>
<p>For a list of known tokens have a look at the <a class="reference external" href="./tokens.html">Tokens</a> page.</p>
<p>A lexer also can have the following attributes (in fact, they are mandatory
except <cite>alias_filenames</cite>) that are used by the builtin lookup mechanism.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>name</cite></dt>
<dd>Full name for the lexer, in human-readable form.</dd>
<dt><cite>aliases</cite></dt>
<dd>A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to lookup
the lexer from a list, e.g. using <cite>get_lexer_by_name()</cite>.</dd>
<dt><cite>filenames</cite></dt>
<dd>A list of <cite>fnmatch</cite> patterns that match filenames which contain
content for this lexer. The patterns in this list should be unique among
all lexers.</dd>
<dt><cite>alias_filenames</cite></dt>
<dd>A list of <cite>fnmatch</cite> patterns that match filenames which may or may not
contain content for this lexer. This list is used by the
<cite>guess_lexer_for_filename()</cite> function, to determine which lexers are
then included in guessing the correct one. That means that e.g. every
lexer for HTML and a template language should include <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\*.html</span></tt> in
this list.</dd>
<dt><cite>mimetypes</cite></dt>
<dd>A list of MIME types for content that can be lexed with this
lexer.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="formatters">
<h3>Formatters</h3>
<p>A formatter (derived from <cite>pygments.formatter.Formatter</cite>) has the following
functions:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>def <cite>__init__(self, **options):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">As with lexers, this constructor processes options and then must call
the base class <cite>__init__</cite>.</p>
<p class="last">The <cite>Formatter</cite> class recognizes the options <cite>style</cite>, <cite>full</cite> and
<cite>title</cite>. It is up to the formatter class whether it uses them.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_style_defs(self, arg=''):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This method must return statements or declarations suitable to define
the current style for subsequent highlighted text (e.g. CSS classes
in the <cite>HTMLFormatter</cite>).</p>
<p>The optional argument <cite>arg</cite> can be used to modify the generation and
is formatter dependent (it is standardized because it can be given on
the command line).</p>
<p class="last">This method is called by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-S</span></tt> <a class="reference external" href="./cmdline.html">command-line option</a>, the <cite>arg</cite>
is then given by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-a</span></tt> option.</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>format(self, tokensource, outfile):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">This method must format the tokens from the <cite>tokensource</cite> iterable and
write the formatted version to the file object <cite>outfile</cite>.</p>
<p class="last">Formatter options can control how exactly the tokens are converted.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>A formatter must have the following attributes that are used by the
builtin lookup mechanism. (<em>New in Pygments 0.7.</em>)</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><cite>name</cite></dt>
<dd>Full name for the formatter, in human-readable form.</dd>
<dt><cite>aliases</cite></dt>
<dd>A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to lookup
the formatter from a list, e.g. using <cite>get_formatter_by_name()</cite>.</dd>
<dt><cite>filenames</cite></dt>
<dd>A list of <cite>fnmatch</cite> patterns that match filenames for which this formatter
can produce output. The patterns in this list should be unique among
all formatters.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="option-processing">
<h3>Option processing</h3>
<p>The <cite>pygments.util</cite> module has some utility functions usable for option
processing:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>class <cite>OptionError</cite></dt>
<dd>This exception will be raised by all option processing functions if
the type or value of the argument is not correct.</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_bool_opt(options, optname, default=None):</cite></dt>
<dd><p class="first">Interpret the key <cite>optname</cite> from the dictionary <cite>options</cite>
as a boolean and return it. Return <cite>default</cite> if <cite>optname</cite>
is not in <cite>options</cite>.</p>
<p class="last">The valid string values for <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> are <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">yes</tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal">true</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">on</tt>, the ones for <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt> are <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal">no</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">false</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">off</tt> (matched case-insensitively).</p>
</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_int_opt(options, optname, default=None):</cite></dt>
<dd>As <cite>get_bool_opt</cite>, but interpret the value as an integer.</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_list_opt(options, optname, default=None):</cite></dt>
<dd>If the key <cite>optname</cite> from the dictionary <cite>options</cite> is a string,
split it at whitespace and return it. If it is already a list
or a tuple, it is returned as a list.</dd>
<dt>def <cite>get_choice_opt(options, optname, allowed, default=None):</cite></dt>
<dd>If the key <cite>optname</cite> from the dictionary is not in the sequence
<cite>allowed</cite>, raise an error, otherwise return it. <em>New in Pygments 0.8.</em></dd>
</dl>
</div>

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