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  <div class="section" id="largeobject-large-objects">
<h1>LargeObject &#8211; Large Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#largeobject-large-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">pg.</code><code class="descname">LargeObject</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>

<p>Objects that are instances of the class <a class="reference internal" href="#pg.LargeObject" title="pg.LargeObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeObject</span></code></a> are used to handle
all the requests concerning a PostgreSQL large object. These objects embed
and hide all the &#8220;recurrent&#8221; variables (object OID and connection), exactly
in the same way <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#pg.Connection" title="pg.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> instances do, thus only keeping significant
parameters in function calls. The <a class="reference internal" href="#pg.LargeObject" title="pg.LargeObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeObject</span></code></a> instance keeps a
reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#pg.Connection" title="pg.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> object used for its creation, sending
requests though with its parameters. Any modification but dereferencing the
<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#pg.Connection" title="pg.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> object will thus affect the <a class="reference internal" href="#pg.LargeObject" title="pg.LargeObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeObject</span></code></a> instance.
Dereferencing the initial <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#pg.Connection" title="pg.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> object is not a problem since
Python won&#8217;t deallocate it before the <a class="reference internal" href="#pg.LargeObject" title="pg.LargeObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeObject</span></code></a> instance
dereferences it. All functions return a generic error message on call error,
whatever the exact error was. The <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">error</span></code> attribute of the object allows
to get the exact error message.</p>
<p>See also the PostgreSQL programmer&#8217;s guide for more information about the
large object interface.</p>
<div class="section" id="open-open-a-large-object">
<h2>open &#8211; open a large object<a class="headerlink" href="#open-open-a-large-object" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.open">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mode</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open a large object</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>mode</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; open mode definition</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">None</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection, bad parameter type, or too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; already opened object, or open error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This method opens a large object for reading/writing, in the same way than the
Unix open() function. The mode value can be obtained by OR-ing the constants
defined in the <a class="reference internal" href="index.html#module-pg" title="pg"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">pg</span></code></a> module (<a class="reference internal" href="module.html#pg.INV_READ" title="pg.INV_READ"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">INV_READ</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="module.html#pg.INV_WRITE" title="pg.INV_WRITE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">INV_WRITE</span></code></a>).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="close-close-a-large-object">
<h2>close &#8211; close a large object<a class="headerlink" href="#close-close-a-large-object" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.close">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Close a large object</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">None</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection</li>
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; object is not opened, or close error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This method closes a previously opened large object, in the same way than
the Unix close() function.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="read-write-tell-seek-unlink-file-like-large-object-handling">
<h2>read, write, tell, seek, unlink &#8211; file-like large object handling<a class="headerlink" href="#read-write-tell-seek-unlink-file-like-large-object-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.read">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">read</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>size</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Read data from large object</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; maximal size of the buffer to be read</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">the read buffer</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">bytes</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection, invalid object,
bad parameter type, or too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>ValueError</strong> &#8211; if <cite>size</cite> is negative</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; object is not opened, or read error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This function allows to read data from a large object, starting at current
position.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.write">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">write</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Read data to large object</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>string</strong> (<em>bytes</em>) &#8211; string buffer to be written</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">None</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection, bad parameter type, or too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; object is not opened, or write error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This function allows to write data to a large object, starting at current
position.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.seek">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">seek</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>offset</em>, <em>whence</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.seek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Change current position in large object</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>offset</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; position offset</li>
<li><strong>whence</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; positional parameter</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">new position in object</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection or invalid object,
bad parameter type, or too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; object is not opened, or seek error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This method allows to move the position cursor in the large object.
The valid values for the whence parameter are defined as constants in the
<a class="reference internal" href="index.html#module-pg" title="pg"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">pg</span></code></a> module (<a class="reference internal" href="module.html#pg.SEEK_SET" title="pg.SEEK_SET"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEEK_SET</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="module.html#pg.SEEK_CUR" title="pg.SEEK_CUR"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEEK_CUR</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="module.html#pg.SEEK_END" title="pg.SEEK_END"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEEK_END</span></code></a>).</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.tell">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">tell</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.tell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return current position in large object</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">current position in large object</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection or invalid object</li>
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; object is not opened, or seek error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This method allows to get the current position in the large object.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.unlink">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">unlink</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.unlink" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Delete large object</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">None</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection or invalid object</li>
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; object is not closed, or unlink error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This methods unlinks (deletes) the PostgreSQL large object.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="size-get-the-large-object-size">
<h2>size &#8211; get the large object size<a class="headerlink" href="#size-get-the-large-object-size" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.size">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">size</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the large object size</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">the large object size</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection or invalid object</li>
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; object is not opened, or seek/tell error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This (composite) method allows to get the size of a large object. It was
implemented because this function is very useful for a web interfaced
database. Currently, the large object needs to be opened first.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="export-save-a-large-object-to-a-file">
<h2>export &#8211; save a large object to a file<a class="headerlink" href="#export-save-a-large-object-to-a-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.export">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">export</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.export" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Export a large object to a file</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>name</strong> (<em>str</em>) &#8211; file to be created</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">None</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Raises:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first last simple">
<li><strong>TypeError</strong> &#8211; invalid connection or invalid object,
bad parameter type, or too many parameters</li>
<li><strong>IOError</strong> &#8211; object is not closed, or export error</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<p>This methods allows to dump the content of a large object in a very simple
way. The exported file is created on the host of the program, not the
server host.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="object-attributes">
<h2>Object attributes<a class="headerlink" href="#object-attributes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#pg.LargeObject" title="pg.LargeObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeObject</span></code></a> objects define a read-only set of attributes that allow
to get some information about it. These attributes are:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.oid">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">oid</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.oid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>the OID associated with the large object (int)</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.pgcnx">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">pgcnx</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.pgcnx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>the <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#pg.Connection" title="pg.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> object associated with the large object</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="pg.LargeObject.error">
<code class="descclassname">LargeObject.</code><code class="descname">error</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pg.LargeObject.error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>the last warning/error message of the connection (str)</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">In multi-threaded environments, <a class="reference internal" href="#pg.LargeObject.error" title="pg.LargeObject.error"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeObject.error</span></code></a> may be modified by
another thread using the same <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#pg.Connection" title="pg.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a>. Remember these object
are shared, not duplicated. You should provide some locking to be able
if you want to check this. The <a class="reference internal" href="#pg.LargeObject.oid" title="pg.LargeObject.oid"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeObject.oid</span></code></a> attribute is very
interesting, because it allows you to reuse the OID later, creating the
<a class="reference internal" href="#pg.LargeObject" title="pg.LargeObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeObject</span></code></a> object with a <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#pg.Connection.getlo" title="pg.Connection.getlo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">Connection.getlo()</span></code></a> method call.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">LargeObject &#8211; Large Objects</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#open-open-a-large-object">open &#8211; open a large object</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#close-close-a-large-object">close &#8211; close a large object</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#read-write-tell-seek-unlink-file-like-large-object-handling">read, write, tell, seek, unlink &#8211; file-like large object handling</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#export-save-a-large-object-to-a-file">export &#8211; save a large object to a file</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#object-attributes">Object attributes</a></li>
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