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# CMaps
Looking at the cmap of "crazyones":
```bash
pdftk crazyones.pdf output crazyones-uncomp.pdf uncompress
```
You can see this:
```text
begincmap
/CMapName /T1Encoding-UTF16 def
/CMapType 2 def
/CIDSystemInfo <<
/Registry (Adobe)
/Ordering (UCS)
/Supplement 0
>> def
1 begincodespacerange
<00> <FF>
endcodespacerange
1 beginbfchar
<1B> <FB00>
endbfchar
endcmap
CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop
```
## codespacerange
A codespacerange maps a complete sequence of bytes to a range of unicode glyphs.
It defines a starting point:
```text
1 beginbfchar
<1B> <FB00>
```
That means that `1B` (Hex for 27) maps to the unicode character [`FB00`](https://unicode-table.com/en/FB00/) - the ligature ff (two lowercase f's).
The two numbers in `begincodespacerange` mean that it starts with an offset of
0 (hence from `1B ➜ FB00`) up to an offset of FF (dec: 255), hence 1B+FF = 282
➜ [FBFF](https://www.compart.com/de/unicode/U+FBFF).
Within the text stream, there is
```text
(The)-342(mis\034ts.)
```
`\034 ` is octal for 28 decimal.
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