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  <div class="section" id="mpls-howto">
<span id="mpls"></span><h1>MPLS howto<a class="headerlink" href="#mpls-howto" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Short introduction into Linux MPLS. Requirements:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>kernel &gt;= 4.4</p></li>
<li><p>modules: <cite>mpls_router</cite>, <cite>mpls_iptunnel</cite></p></li>
<li><p><cite>$ sudo sysctl net.mpls.platform_labels=$x</cite>, where <cite>$x</cite> – number of labels</p></li>
<li><p><cite>pyroute2</cite> &gt;= 0.4.0</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="mpls-labels">
<h2>MPLS labels<a class="headerlink" href="#mpls-labels" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Possible label formats:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># int</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span>

<span class="c1"># list of ints</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]</span>

<span class="c1"># string</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;20/30&quot;</span>

<span class="c1"># dict</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;label&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">}</span>

<span class="c1"># list of dicts</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[{</span><span class="s2">&quot;label&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;tc&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bos&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ttl&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">},</span>
           <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;label&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;tc&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bos&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ttl&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">}]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="iproute">
<h2>IPRoute<a class="headerlink" href="#iproute" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="mpls-routes">
<h3>MPLS routes<a class="headerlink" href="#mpls-routes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Label swap:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pyroute2</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">IPRoute</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pyroute2.common</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span>

<span class="n">ipr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IPRoute</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># get the `eth0` interface&#39;s index:</span>
<span class="n">idx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">link_lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ifname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;eth0&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># create the request</span>
<span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;family&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;oif&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;dst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]}</span>
<span class="c1"># set up the route</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;add&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please notice that “dst” can specify only one label, even being a list.
Label push:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;family&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;oif&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;dst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]}</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;add&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>One can set up also the <cite>via</cite> field:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">socket</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span>

<span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;family&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;oif&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;dst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;newdst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">],</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;via&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;family&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">,</span>
               <span class="s2">&quot;addr&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;1.2.3.4&quot;</span><span class="p">}}</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;add&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mpls-lwtunnel">
<h3>MPLS lwtunnel<a class="headerlink" href="#mpls-lwtunnel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>To inject IP packets into MPLS:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;dst&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;1.2.3.0/24&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;oif&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span>
       <span class="s2">&quot;encap&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;mpls&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="s2">&quot;labels&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">202</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">303</span><span class="p">]}}</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;add&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ndb">
<h2>NDB<a class="headerlink" href="#ndb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>basic MPLS routes management in NDB since version 0.5.11</p>
</div>
<p>List MPLS routes:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pyroute2.common</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ndb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dump</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">family</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">(&#39;localhost&#39;, 0, 28, 20, 0, 0, 254, 4, 0, 1, 0, ...</span>
<span class="go">(&#39;localhost&#39;, 0, 28, 20, 0, 0, 254, 4, 0, 1, 0, ...</span>

<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ndb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dump</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">family</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;oif&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;dst&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;newdst&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">(40627, &#39;[{&quot;label&quot;: 16, &quot;tc&quot;: 0, &quot;bos&quot;: 1, &quot;ttl&quot;: 0}]&#39;, &#39;[{&quot;label&quot;: 500, ...</span>
<span class="go">(40627, &#39;[{&quot;label&quot;: 40, &quot;tc&quot;: 0, &quot;bos&quot;: 1, &quot;ttl&quot;: 0}]&#39;, &#39;[{&quot;label&quot;: 40, ...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>List lwtunnel routes:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ndb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dump</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encap</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">(&#39;localhost&#39;, 0, 2, 24, 0, 0, 254, 4, 0, 1, 16, &#39;10.255.145.0&#39;, ...</span>
<span class="go">(&#39;localhost&#39;, 0, 2, 24, 0, 0, 254, 4, 0, 1, 0, &#39;192.168.142.0&#39;, ...</span>

<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ndb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dump</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encap</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;dst&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;encap&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">(&#39;10.255.145.0&#39;, &#39;[{&quot;label&quot;: 20, &quot;tc&quot;: 0, &quot;bos&quot;: 0, &quot;ttl&quot;: 0}, ...</span>
<span class="go">(&#39;192.168.142.0&#39;, &#39;[{&quot;label&quot;: 20, &quot;tc&quot;: 0, &quot;bos&quot;: 0, &quot;ttl&quot;: 0}, ...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Create MPLS routes:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pyroute2.common</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ndb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">family</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="go">                      dst=128,                       # label</span>
<span class="go">                      oif=1,                         # output interface</span>
<span class="go">                      newdst=[128, 132]).commit()    # label stack</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Create lwtunnel:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">ndb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;192.168.145.0/24&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="go">                      gateway=&#39;192.168.140.5&#39;,</span>
<span class="go">                      encap={&#39;type&#39;: &#39;mpls&#39;,</span>
<span class="go">                             &#39;labels&#39;: [128, 132]}).commit()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">MPLS howto</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mpls-labels">MPLS labels</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#iproute">IPRoute</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mpls-routes">MPLS routes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mpls-lwtunnel">MPLS lwtunnel</a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ndb">NDB</a></li>
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