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<div class="section" id="mpls-howto">
<h1>MPLS howto<a class="headerlink" href="#mpls-howto" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Short introduction into Linux MPLS. Requirements:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>kernel >= 4.4</li>
<li>modules: <cite>mpls_router</cite>, <cite>mpls_iptunnel</cite></li>
<li><cite>$ sudo sysctl net.mpls.platform_labels=$x</cite>, where <cite>$x</cite> – number of labels</li>
<li><cite>pyroute2</cite> >= 0.4.0</li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="mpls-labels">
<h2>MPLS labels<a class="headerlink" href="#mpls-labels" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Possible label formats:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># int</span>
<span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span>
<span class="c1"># list of ints</span>
<span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># string</span>
<span class="s2">"labels"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"20/30"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Any of these notations should be accepted by <cite>pyroute2</cite>, if not – try
another format and submit an issue to the project github page. The code
is quite new, some issues are possible.</p>
<p>Refer also to the test cases, there are many usage samples:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><cite>tests/general/test_ipr.py</cite></li>
<li><cite>tests/general/test_ipdb.py</cite></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="iproute">
<h2>IPRoute<a class="headerlink" href="#iproute" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="mpls-routes">
<h3>MPLS routes<a class="headerlink" href="#mpls-routes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Label swap:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pyroute2</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">IPRoute</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pyroute2.common</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IPRoute</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># get the `eth0` interface's index:</span>
<span class="n">idx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">link_lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ifname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"eth0"</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># create the request</span>
<span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]}</span>
<span class="c1"># set up the route</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"add"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Notice, that <cite>dst</cite> is a single label, while <cite>newdst</cite> is a stack. Label push:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]}</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"add"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>One can set up also the <cite>via</cite> field:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">socket</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span>
<span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"via"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"addr"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"1.2.3.4"</span><span class="p">}}</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"add"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mpls-lwtunnel">
<h3>MPLS lwtunnel<a class="headerlink" href="#mpls-lwtunnel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>To inject IP packets into MPLS:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">req</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"1.2.3.0/24"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"encap"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"mpls"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"labels"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">202</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">303</span><span class="p">]}}</span>
<span class="n">ipr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"add"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">req</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ipdb">
<h2>IPDB<a class="headerlink" href="#ipdb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="id1">
<h3>MPLS routes<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The <cite>IPDB</cite> database also supports MPLS routes, they are reflected in the
<cite>ipdb.routes.tables[“mpls”]</cite>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipdb</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"eth0"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">"index"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]})</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="go"><skip></span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipdb</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"eth0"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">"index"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">]})</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="go"><skip></span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"mpls"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">[20, 22]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Pls notice, that there is only one MPLS routing table.</p>
<p>Multipath MPLS:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">IDPB</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipdb</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_MPLS</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"multipath"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[{</span><span class="s2">"via"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"addr"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"10.0.0.2"</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"eth0"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">"index"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]},</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"via"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AF_INET</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"addr"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"10.0.0.3"</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"eth0"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">"index"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"newdst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">]}]})</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id2">
<h3>MPLS lwtunnel<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>LWtunnel routes reside in common route tables:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">IPDB</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipdb</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"1.2.3.0/24"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"eth0"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">"index"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"encap"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"mpls"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"labels"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">]}})</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"1.2.3.0/24"</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Multipath MPLS lwtunnel:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">IPDB</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipdb</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">"dst"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"1.2.3.0/24"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"table"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"multipath"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[{</span><span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"eth0"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">"index"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"gateway"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"10.0.0.2"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"encap"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"mpls"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"labels"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">]}},</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"oif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"eth1"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">"index"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"gateway"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"172.16.0.2"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"encap"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"mpls"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"labels"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">]}}]})</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ipdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">routes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">"1.2.3.0/24"</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">MPLS howto</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mpls-labels">MPLS labels</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#iproute">IPRoute</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mpls-routes">MPLS routes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mpls-lwtunnel">MPLS lwtunnel</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">MPLS routes</a></li>
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