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# Copyright 2009 by Peter Cock. All rights reserved.
# This code is part of the Biopython distribution and governed by its
# license. Please see the LICENSE file that should have been included
# as part of this package.
"""Unittests for the Seq objects."""
from __future__ import print_function
import warnings
import unittest
import sys
from Bio import BiopythonWarning
from Bio.Alphabet import generic_protein, generic_nucleotide
from Bio.Alphabet import generic_dna, generic_rna
from Bio.Alphabet import _check_type_compatible
from Bio.Alphabet.IUPAC import protein, extended_protein
from Bio.Alphabet.IUPAC import unambiguous_dna, ambiguous_dna, ambiguous_rna
from Bio.Data.IUPACData import ambiguous_dna_values, ambiguous_rna_values
from Bio.Seq import Seq, UnknownSeq, MutableSeq, translate
from Bio.Data.CodonTable import TranslationError, CodonTable
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
from string import maketrans
else:
maketrans = str.maketrans
# This is just the standard table with less stop codons
# (replaced with coding for O as an artifical example)
special_table = CodonTable(forward_table={
'TTT': 'F', 'TTC': 'F', 'TTA': 'L', 'TTG': 'L',
'TCT': 'S', 'TCC': 'S', 'TCA': 'S', 'TCG': 'S',
'TAT': 'Y', 'TAC': 'Y', 'TAA': 'O',
'TGT': 'C', 'TGC': 'C', 'TGA': 'O', 'TGG': 'W',
'CTT': 'L', 'CTC': 'L', 'CTA': 'L', 'CTG': 'L',
'CCT': 'P', 'CCC': 'P', 'CCA': 'P', 'CCG': 'P',
'CAT': 'H', 'CAC': 'H', 'CAA': 'Q', 'CAG': 'Q',
'CGT': 'R', 'CGC': 'R', 'CGA': 'R', 'CGG': 'R',
'ATT': 'I', 'ATC': 'I', 'ATA': 'I', 'ATG': 'M',
'ACT': 'T', 'ACC': 'T', 'ACA': 'T', 'ACG': 'T',
'AAT': 'N', 'AAC': 'N', 'AAA': 'K', 'AAG': 'K',
'AGT': 'S', 'AGC': 'S', 'AGA': 'R', 'AGG': 'R',
'GTT': 'V', 'GTC': 'V', 'GTA': 'V', 'GTG': 'V',
'GCT': 'A', 'GCC': 'A', 'GCA': 'A', 'GCG': 'A',
'GAT': 'D', 'GAC': 'D', 'GAA': 'E', 'GAG': 'E',
'GGT': 'G', 'GGC': 'G', 'GGA': 'G', 'GGG': 'G'},
start_codons=['TAA', 'TAG', 'TGA'],
stop_codons=['TAG'])
Chilodonella_uncinata_table = CodonTable(forward_table={
'TTT': 'F', 'TTC': 'F', 'TTA': 'L', 'TTG': 'L',
'TCT': 'S', 'TCC': 'S', 'TCA': 'S', 'TCG': 'S',
'TAT': 'Y', 'TAC': 'Y', 'TAG': 'Q',
'TGT': 'C', 'TGC': 'C', 'TGA': 'W', 'TGG': 'W',
'CTT': 'L', 'CTC': 'L', 'CTA': 'L', 'CTG': 'L',
'CCT': 'P', 'CCC': 'P', 'CCA': 'P', 'CCG': 'P',
'CAT': 'H', 'CAC': 'H', 'CAA': 'Q', 'CAG': 'Q',
'CGT': 'R', 'CGC': 'R', 'CGA': 'R', 'CGG': 'R',
'ATT': 'I', 'ATC': 'I', 'ATA': 'I', 'ATG': 'M',
'ACT': 'T', 'ACC': 'T', 'ACA': 'T', 'ACG': 'T',
'AAT': 'N', 'AAC': 'N', 'AAA': 'K', 'AAG': 'K',
'AGT': 'S', 'AGC': 'S', 'AGA': 'R', 'AGG': 'R',
'GTT': 'V', 'GTC': 'V', 'GTA': 'V', 'GTG': 'V',
'GCT': 'A', 'GCC': 'A', 'GCA': 'A', 'GCG': 'A',
'GAT': 'D', 'GAC': 'D', 'GAA': 'E', 'GAG': 'E',
'GGT': 'G', 'GGC': 'G', 'GGA': 'G', 'GGG': 'G'},
start_codons=['ATG'],
stop_codons=['TAA'])
class StringMethodTests(unittest.TestCase):
_examples = [
# These are length 9, a multiple of 3 for translation tests:
Seq("ACGTGGGGT", generic_protein),
Seq("ACGTGGGGT", generic_nucleotide),
Seq("ACGTGGGGT", generic_dna),
Seq("ACGUGGGGU", generic_rna),
Seq("GG", generic_protein),
Seq("GG", generic_nucleotide),
Seq("GG", generic_dna),
Seq("GG", generic_rna),
Seq("A", generic_protein),
Seq("A", generic_nucleotide),
Seq("A", generic_dna),
Seq("A", generic_rna),
UnknownSeq(1),
UnknownSeq(1, character="n"),
UnknownSeq(1, generic_rna),
UnknownSeq(1, generic_rna, "n"),
UnknownSeq(1, generic_rna, "N"),
UnknownSeq(12, generic_rna, "N"),
UnknownSeq(12, generic_dna, "N"),
UnknownSeq(12, generic_nucleotide, "N"),
UnknownSeq(12, generic_protein, "X"),
UnknownSeq(12, character="X"),
UnknownSeq(12),
]
for seq in _examples[:]:
if isinstance(seq, Seq):
_examples.append(seq.tomutable())
_start_end_values = [0, 1, 2, 1000, -1, -2, -999]
def _test_method(self, method_name, pre_comp_function=None,
start_end=False):
"""Check this method matches the plain string's method."""
self.assertTrue(isinstance(method_name, str))
for example1 in self._examples:
if not hasattr(example1, method_name):
# e.g. MutableSeq does not support find
continue
str1 = str(example1)
for example2 in self._examples:
if not hasattr(example2, method_name):
# e.g. MutableSeq does not support find
continue
str2 = str(example2)
i = getattr(example1, method_name)(str2)
j = getattr(str1, method_name)(str2)
if pre_comp_function:
i = pre_comp_function(i)
j = pre_comp_function(j)
if i != j:
raise ValueError("%s.%s(%s) = %i, not %i"
% (repr(example1),
method_name,
repr(str2),
i,
j))
try:
i = getattr(example1, method_name)(example2)
j = getattr(str1, method_name)(str2)
if pre_comp_function:
i = pre_comp_function(i)
j = pre_comp_function(j)
if i != j:
raise ValueError("%s.%s(%s) = %i, not %i"
% (repr(example1),
method_name,
repr(example2),
i,
j))
except TypeError:
# TODO - Check the alphabets do clash!
pass
if start_end:
for start in self._start_end_values:
i = getattr(example1, method_name)(str2, start)
j = getattr(str1, method_name)(str2, start)
if pre_comp_function:
i = pre_comp_function(i)
j = pre_comp_function(j)
if i != j:
raise ValueError("%s.%s(%s, %i) = %i, not %i"
% (repr(example1),
method_name,
repr(str2),
start,
i,
j))
for end in self._start_end_values:
i = getattr(example1, method_name)(str2, start, end)
j = getattr(str1, method_name)(str2, start, end)
if pre_comp_function:
i = pre_comp_function(i)
j = pre_comp_function(j)
if i != j:
raise ValueError("%s.%s(%s, %i, %i) = %i, not %i"
% (repr(example1),
method_name,
repr(str2),
start,
end,
i,
j))
def test_str_count(self):
"""Check matches the python string count method."""
self._test_method("count", start_end=True)
def test_str_find(self):
"""Check matches the python string find method."""
self._test_method("find", start_end=True)
def test_str_rfind(self):
"""Check matches the python string rfind method."""
self._test_method("rfind", start_end=True)
def test_str_startswith(self):
"""Check matches the python string startswith method."""
self._test_method("startswith", start_end=True)
self.assertTrue("ABCDE".startswith(("ABE", "OBE", "ABC")))
# Now check with a tuple of sub sequences
for example1 in self._examples:
if not hasattr(example1, "startswith"):
# e.g. MutableSeq does not support this
continue
subs = tuple([example1[start:start + 2] for start
in range(0, len(example1) - 2, 3)])
subs_str = tuple([str(s) for s in subs])
self.assertEqual(str(example1).startswith(subs_str),
example1.startswith(subs))
self.assertEqual(str(example1).startswith(subs_str),
example1.startswith(subs_str)) # strings!
self.assertEqual(str(example1).startswith(subs_str, 3),
example1.startswith(subs, 3))
self.assertEqual(str(example1).startswith(subs_str, 2, 6),
example1.startswith(subs, 2, 6))
def test_str_endswith(self):
"""Check matches the python string endswith method."""
self._test_method("endswith", start_end=True)
self.assertTrue("ABCDE".endswith(("ABE", "OBE", "CDE")))
# Now check with a tuple of sub sequences
for example1 in self._examples:
if not hasattr(example1, "endswith"):
# e.g. MutableSeq does not support this
continue
subs = tuple([example1[start:start + 2] for start
in range(0, len(example1) - 2, 3)])
subs_str = tuple([str(s) for s in subs])
self.assertEqual(str(example1).endswith(subs_str),
example1.endswith(subs))
self.assertEqual(str(example1).startswith(subs_str),
example1.startswith(subs_str)) # strings!
self.assertEqual(str(example1).endswith(subs_str, 3),
example1.endswith(subs, 3))
self.assertEqual(str(example1).endswith(subs_str, 2, 6),
example1.endswith(subs, 2, 6))
def test_str_strip(self):
"""Check matches the python string strip method."""
self._test_method("strip", pre_comp_function=str)
def test_str_rstrip(self):
"""Check matches the python string rstrip method."""
self._test_method("rstrip", pre_comp_function=str)
def test_str_split(self):
"""Check matches the python string rstrip method."""
# Calling (r)split should return a list of Seq-like objects, we'll
# just apply str() to each of them so it matches the string method
self._test_method("rstrip",
pre_comp_function=lambda x: [str(y) for y in x])
def test_str_rsplit(self):
"""Check matches the python string rstrip method."""
# Calling (r)split should return a list of Seq-like objects, we'll
# just apply str() to each of them so it matches the string method
self._test_method("rstrip",
pre_comp_function=lambda x: [str(y) for y in x])
def test_str_lsplit(self):
"""Check matches the python string rstrip method."""
# Calling (r)split should return a list of Seq-like objects, we'll
# just apply str() to each of them so it matches the string method
self._test_method("rstrip",
pre_comp_function=lambda x: [str(y) for y in x])
def test_str_length(self):
"""Check matches the python string __len__ method."""
for example1 in self._examples:
str1 = str(example1)
self.assertEqual(len(example1), len(str1))
def test_str_upper(self):
"""Check matches the python string upper method."""
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
str1 = str(example1)
self.assertEqual(str(example1.upper()), str1.upper())
def test_str_lower(self):
"""Check matches the python string lower method."""
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
str1 = str(example1)
self.assertEqual(str(example1.lower()), str1.lower())
def test_str_hash(self):
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# Silence change in behaviour warning
warnings.simplefilter('ignore', BiopythonWarning)
self.assertEqual(hash(str(example1)), hash(example1),
"Hash mismatch, %r for %r vs %r for %r"
% (hash(str(example1)), id(example1),
hash(example1), example1))
def test_str_comparison(self):
for example1 in self._examples:
for example2 in self._examples:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# Silence alphabet warning
warnings.simplefilter('ignore', BiopythonWarning)
self.assertEqual(str(example1) == str(example2),
example1 == example2,
"Checking %r == %r" % (example1, example2))
self.assertEqual(str(example1) != str(example2),
example1 != example2,
"Checking %r != %r" % (example1, example2))
self.assertEqual(str(example1) < str(example2),
example1 < example2,
"Checking %r < %r" % (example1, example2))
self.assertEqual(str(example1) <= str(example2),
example1 <= example2,
"Checking %r <= %r" % (example1, example2))
self.assertEqual(str(example1) > str(example2),
example1 > example2,
"Checking %r > %r" % (example1, example2))
self.assertEqual(str(example1) >= str(example2),
example1 >= example2,
"Checking %r >= %r" % (example1, example2))
def test_str_getitem(self):
"""Check slicing and indexing works like a string."""
for example1 in self._examples:
str1 = str(example1)
for i in self._start_end_values:
if abs(i) < len(example1):
self.assertEqual(str(example1[i]), str1[i])
self.assertEqual(str(example1[:i]), str1[:i])
self.assertEqual(str(example1[i:]), str1[i:])
for j in self._start_end_values:
self.assertEqual(str(example1[i:j]), str1[i:j])
for step in range(-3, 4):
if step == 0:
try:
print(example1[i:j:step])
self._assert(False) # Should fail!
except ValueError:
pass
else:
self.assertEqual(str(example1[i:j:step]),
str1[i:j:step])
def test_tomutable(self):
"""Check obj.tomutable() method."""
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
mut = example1.tomutable()
self.assertTrue(isinstance(mut, MutableSeq))
self.assertEqual(str(mut), str(example1))
self.assertEqual(mut.alphabet, example1.alphabet)
def test_toseq(self):
"""Check obj.toseq() method."""
for example1 in self._examples:
try:
seq = example1.toseq()
except AttributeError:
self.assertTrue(isinstance(example1, Seq))
continue
self.assertTrue(isinstance(seq, Seq))
self.assertEqual(str(seq), str(example1))
self.assertEqual(seq.alphabet, example1.alphabet)
def test_the_complement(self):
"""Check obj.complement() method."""
mapping = ""
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
try:
comp = example1.complement()
except ValueError as e:
self.assertEqual(str(e), "Proteins do not have complements!")
continue
str1 = str(example1)
# This only does the unambiguous cases
if any(("U" in str1, "u" in str1, example1.alphabet == generic_rna)):
mapping = maketrans("ACGUacgu", "UGCAugca")
elif any(("T" in str1, "t" in str1, example1.alphabet == generic_dna,
example1.alphabet == generic_nucleotide)):
mapping = maketrans("ACGTacgt", "TGCAtgca")
elif "A" not in str1 and "a" not in str1:
mapping = maketrans("CGcg", "GCgc")
else:
# TODO - look at alphabet?
raise ValueError(example1)
self.assertEqual(str1.translate(mapping), str(comp))
self.assertEqual(comp.alphabet, example1.alphabet)
def test_the_reverse_complement(self):
"""Check obj.reverse_complement() method."""
mapping = ""
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
try:
comp = example1.reverse_complement()
except ValueError as e:
self.assertEqual(str(e), "Proteins do not have complements!")
continue
str1 = str(example1)
# This only does the unambiguous cases
if any(("U" in str1, "u" in str1, example1.alphabet == generic_rna)):
mapping = maketrans("ACGUacgu", "UGCAugca")
elif any(("T" in str1, "t" in str1, example1.alphabet == generic_dna,
example1.alphabet == generic_nucleotide)):
mapping = maketrans("ACGTacgt", "TGCAtgca")
elif "A" not in str1 and "a" not in str1:
mapping = maketrans("CGcg", "GCgc")
else:
# TODO - look at alphabet?
continue
self.assertEqual(str1.translate(mapping)[::-1], str(comp))
self.assertEqual(comp.alphabet, example1.alphabet)
def test_the_transcription(self):
"""Check obj.transcribe() method."""
mapping = ""
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
try:
tran = example1.transcribe()
except ValueError as e:
if str(e) == "Proteins cannot be transcribed!":
continue
if str(e) == "RNA cannot be transcribed!":
continue
raise e
str1 = str(example1)
if len(str1) % 3 != 0:
# TODO - Check for or silence the expected warning?
continue
self.assertEqual(str1.replace("T", "U").replace("t", "u"), str(tran))
self.assertEqual(tran.alphabet, generic_rna) # based on limited examples
def test_the_back_transcription(self):
"""Check obj.back_transcribe() method."""
mapping = ""
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
try:
tran = example1.back_transcribe()
except ValueError as e:
if str(e) == "Proteins cannot be back transcribed!":
continue
if str(e) == "DNA cannot be back transcribed!":
continue
raise e
str1 = str(example1)
self.assertEqual(str1.replace("U", "T").replace("u", "t"), str(tran))
self.assertEqual(tran.alphabet, generic_dna) # based on limited examples
def test_the_translate(self):
"""Check obj.translate() method."""
mapping = ""
for example1 in self._examples:
if isinstance(example1, MutableSeq):
continue
if len(example1) % 3 != 0:
# TODO - Check for or silence the expected warning?
continue
try:
tran = example1.translate()
except ValueError as e:
if str(e) == "Proteins cannot be translated!":
continue
raise e
# This is based on the limited example not having stop codons:
if tran.alphabet not in [extended_protein, protein, generic_protein]:
print(tran.alphabet)
self.fail()
# TODO - check the actual translation, and all the optional args
def test_the_translation_of_stops(self):
"""Check obj.translate() method with stop codons."""
misc_stops = "TAATAGTGAAGAAGG"
for nuc in [Seq(misc_stops),
Seq(misc_stops, generic_nucleotide),
Seq(misc_stops, generic_dna),
Seq(misc_stops, unambiguous_dna)]:
self.assertEqual("***RR", str(nuc.translate()))
self.assertEqual("***RR", str(nuc.translate(1)))
self.assertEqual("***RR", str(nuc.translate("SGC0")))
self.assertEqual("**W**", str(nuc.translate(table=2)))
self.assertEqual("**WRR",
str(nuc.translate(table='Yeast Mitochondrial')))
self.assertEqual("**WSS", str(nuc.translate(table=5)))
self.assertEqual("**WSS", str(nuc.translate(table=9)))
self.assertEqual("**CRR", str(nuc.translate(table='Euplotid Nuclear')))
self.assertEqual("***RR", str(nuc.translate(table=11)))
self.assertEqual("***RR", str(nuc.translate(table='11')))
self.assertEqual("***RR", str(nuc.translate(table='Bacterial')))
self.assertEqual("**GRR", str(nuc.translate(table=25)))
self.assertEqual("", str(nuc.translate(to_stop=True)))
self.assertEqual("O*ORR", str(nuc.translate(table=special_table)))
self.assertEqual("*QWRR",
str(nuc.translate(table=Chilodonella_uncinata_table)))
# These test the Bio.Seq.translate() function - move these?:
self.assertEqual("*QWRR",
translate(str(nuc), table=Chilodonella_uncinata_table))
self.assertEqual("O*ORR", translate(str(nuc), table=special_table))
self.assertEqual("", translate(str(nuc), to_stop=True))
self.assertEqual("***RR", translate(str(nuc), table='Bacterial'))
self.assertEqual("***RR", translate(str(nuc), table='11'))
self.assertEqual("***RR", translate(str(nuc), table=11))
self.assertEqual("**W**", translate(str(nuc), table=2))
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("TAT").translate()), "Y")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("TAR").translate()), "*")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("TAN").translate()), "X")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("NNN").translate()), "X")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("TAt").translate()), "Y")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("TaR").translate()), "*")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("TaN").translate()), "X")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("nnN").translate()), "X")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("tat").translate()), "Y")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("tar").translate()), "*")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("tan").translate()), "X")
self.assertEqual(str(Seq("nnn").translate()), "X")
def test_the_translation_of_invalid_codons(self):
"""Check obj.translate() method with invalid codons."""
for codon in ["TA?", "N-N", "AC_", "Ac_"]:
for nuc in [Seq(codon),
Seq(codon, generic_nucleotide),
Seq(codon, generic_dna),
Seq(codon, unambiguous_dna)]:
try:
print(nuc.translate())
self.fail("Translating %s should fail" % codon)
except TranslationError:
pass
def test_the_translation_of_ambig_codons(self):
"""Check obj.translate() method with ambiguous codons."""
for letters, ambig_values in [(ambiguous_dna.letters, ambiguous_dna_values),
(ambiguous_rna.letters, ambiguous_rna_values)]:
ambig = set(letters)
for c1 in ambig:
for c2 in ambig:
for c3 in ambig:
values = set(str(Seq(a + b + c).translate())
for a in ambig_values[c1]
for b in ambig_values[c2]
for c in ambig_values[c3])
t = str(Seq(c1 + c2 + c3).translate())
if t == "*":
self.assertEqual(values, set("*"))
elif t == "X":
self.assertTrue(len(values) > 1,
"translate('%s') = '%s' not '%s'"
% (c1 + c2 + c3, t, ",".join(values)))
elif t == "Z":
self.assertEqual(values, set("EQ"))
elif t == "B":
self.assertEqual(values, set("DN"))
elif t == "J":
self.assertEqual(values, set("LI"))
else:
self.assertEqual(values, set(t))
# TODO - Use the Bio.Data.IUPACData module for the
# ambiguous protein mappings?
def test_init_typeerror(self):
"""Check Seq __init__ gives TypeError exceptions."""
# Only expect it to take strings and unicode - not Seq objects!
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Seq, (1066))
self.assertRaises(TypeError, Seq, (Seq("ACGT", generic_dna)))
# TODO - Addition...
if __name__ == "__main__":
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)
unittest.main(testRunner=runner)
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