1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
|
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE PubmedArticleSet PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD PubMedArticle, 1st June 2018//EN" "https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/out/pubmed_180601.dtd">
<PubmedArticleSet>
<PubmedArticle>
<MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">30108519</PMID>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-042X</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print">
<Volume>9</Volume>
<PubDate>
<Year>2018</Year>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Frontiers in physiology</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Front Physiol</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>A "<i>Blood Relationship"</i> Between the Overlooked Minimum Lactate Equivalent and Maximal Lactate Steady State in Trained Runners. Back to the Old Days?</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>1034</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fphys.2018.01034</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS) and Lactate Threshold (LT) are physiologically-related and fundamental concepts within the sports and exercise sciences. Literature supporting their relationship, however, is scarce. Among the recognized LTs, we were particularly interested in the disused "Minimum Lactate Equivalent" (LE<sub>min</sub>), first described in the early 1980s. We hypothesized that velocity at LT, conceptually comprehended as in the old days (LE<sub>min</sub>), could predict velocity at MLSS (<sub>V</sub>MLSS) more accurate than some other blood lactate-related thresholds (BL<sub>R</sub>Ts) routinely used nowadays by many sport science practitioners. Thirteen male endurance-trained [<sub>V</sub>MLSS 15.0 ± 1.1 km·h<sup>-1</sup>; maximal oxygen uptake ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mover>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>V</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mo>.</mml:mo>
</mml:mover>
<mml:mi>O</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
<mml:mi>m</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>x</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub>
</mml:math> ) 67.6 ± 4.1 ml·kg<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>] homogeneous (coefficient of variation: ≈7%) runners conducted 1) a submaximal discontinuous incremental running test to determine several BL<sub>R</sub>Ts followed by a maximal ramp incremental running test for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mover>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>V</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mo>.</mml:mo>
</mml:mover>
<mml:mi>O</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
<mml:mi>m</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>x</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub>
<mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>
</mml:math> determination, and 2) several (4-5) constant velocity running tests to determine <sub>V</sub>MLSS with a precision of 0.20 km·h<sup>-1</sup>. Determined BL<sub>R</sub>Ts include LE<sub>min</sub> and LE<sub>min</sub>-related LE<sub>min</sub> plus 1 (LE<sub>min+1mM</sub>) and 1.5 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> (LE<sub>min+1.5mM</sub>), along with well-established BL<sub>R</sub>Ts such as conventionally-calculated LT, D<sub>max</sub> and fixed blood lactate concentration thresholds. LE<sub>min</sub> did not differ from LT (<i>P</i> = 0.71; ES: 0.08) and was 27% lower than MLSS (<i>P</i> < 0.001; ES: 3.54). LE<sub>min+1mM</sub> was not different from MLSS (<i>P</i> = 0.47; ES: 0.09). LE<sub>min</sub> was the best predictor of <sub>V</sub>MLSS (<i>r</i> = 0.91; <i>P</i> < 0.001; SEE = 0.47 km·h<sup>-1</sup>), followed by LE<sub>min+1mM</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.86; <i>P</i> < 0.001; SEE = 0.58 km·h<sup>-1</sup>) and LE<sub>min+1.5mM</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.84; <i>P</i> < 0.001; SEE = 0.86 km·h<sup>-1</sup>). There was no statistical difference between MLSS and estimated MLSS using LE<sub>min</sub> prediction formula (<i>P</i> = 0.99; ES: 0.001). Mean bias and limits of agreement were 0.00 ± 0.45 km·h<sup>-1</sup> and ±0.89 km·h<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, LE<sub>min</sub>, LE<sub>min+1mM</sub> and LE<sub>min+1.5mM</sub> were the best predictors of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mover>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>V</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mo>.</mml:mo>
</mml:mover>
<mml:mi>O</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
<mml:mi>m</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
<mml:mi>x</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub>
</mml:math> (<i>r</i> = 0.72-0.79; <i>P</i> < 0.001). These results support LE<sub>min</sub>, an objective submaximal overlooked and underused BL<sub>R</sub>T, to be one of the best single MLSS predictors in endurance trained runners. Our study advocates factors controlling LE<sub>min</sub> to be shared, at least partly, with those controlling MLSS.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Garcia-Tabar</LastName>
<ForeName>Ibai</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Studies, Research and Sports Medicine Center, Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Gorostiaga</LastName>
<ForeName>Esteban M</ForeName>
<Initials>EM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Studies, Research and Sports Medicine Center, Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>Switzerland</Country>
<MedlineTA>Front Physiol</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101549006</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1664-042X</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CommentsCorrectionsList>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Stat Med. 2008 Feb 28;27(5):778-80</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17907247</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 2009 Jan;30(1):40-45</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19202577</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jun;27(6):863-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7658947</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Apr;108(6):1153-67</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20033207</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Apr;31(4):578-82</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">10211855</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Br J Sports Med. 1988 Jun;22(2):51-4</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">3167501</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Front Physiol. 2017 Jun 08;8:389</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">28642717</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Sep;31(9):1342-5</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">10487378</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Aug;30(8):1304-13</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">9710874</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports. 1979 Winter;11(4):338-44</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">530025</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Strength Cond Res. 2005 May;19(2):364-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15903376</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1984;53(3):196-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">6542852</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1978 Oct 20;39(4):219-27</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">710387</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1980 Mar;48(3):523-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">7372524</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;36(14):1142-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">26332904</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Physiol. 1930 Apr 14;69(2):214-37</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16994099</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Oct;29(10):2794-801</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25844867</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>PLoS One. 2018 Mar 13;13(3):e0194313</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">29534108</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2012 Nov-Dec;32(6):327-50</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">23103476</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1982;10:49-83</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">6811284</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010 Sep;5(3):276-91</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">20861519</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;60(4):249-53</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">2357979</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Oct;36(10):1737-42</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15595295</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 2016 Jun;37(7):539-46</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">27116348</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 May;27(5):462-473</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">28181710</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 1983 Nov;4(4):226-30</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">6654546</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Jun;64(6):2622-30</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">3403447</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jan;41(1):3-13</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19092709</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 2009 Sep;30(9):643-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19569005</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1988;57(4):420-4</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">3396556</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Physiol. 2004 Jul 1;558(Pt 1):5-30</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15131240</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 1990 Feb;11(1):26-32</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">2318561</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Appl Physiol. 1973 Aug;35(2):236-43</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">4723033</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 1987 Dec;8(6):401-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">3429086</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Sci Med Sport. 2008 Jun;11(3):280-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">17553745</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 May;56(5):1260-4</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">6725086</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 2008 Jun;29(6):475-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">18302077</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985 Feb;17(1):22-34</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">3884959</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Sports Med. 2009;39(6):469-90</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">19453206</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 2004 Aug;25(6):403-8</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15346226</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2004 Jun;44(2):132-40</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">15470310</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 1985 Jun;6(3):117-30</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">4030186</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 1999 Feb;20(2):122-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">10190774</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 2006 May;27(5):368-72</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">16729378</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 1985 Jun;6(3):109-16</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">3897079</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Pneumologie. 1990 Jan;44(1):2-13</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">2408033</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018 Apr;118(4):691-728</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">29322250</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Oct;55(4):1178-86</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">6629951</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Sports Med. 2014 Nov;44 Suppl 2:S139-47</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">25200666</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Front Physiol. 2015 Oct 30;6:308</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">26578980</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 2013 Mar;34(3):196-9</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">22972242</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct;13(7):518-22</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">1459746</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites">
<RefSource>Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 May;25(5):620-7</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">8492691</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
</CommentsCorrectionsList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM">
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Owles' point</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">aerobic capacity</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">aerobic threshold</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">anaerobic threshold</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">endurance assessment</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">lactate threshold</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">oxygen endurance performance limit</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">submaximal exercise testing</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData>
<History>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received">
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>22</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted">
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>11</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>8</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>8</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
<Year>2018</Year>
<Month>8</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>1</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30108519</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3389/fphys.2018.01034</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC6079548</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</PubmedArticle>
</PubmedArticleSet>
|
