1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
|
**bitstring** is a Python library to help make the creation and analysis of all types of bit-level binary data as simple and efficient as possible. It has been actively maintained since 2006.
The library has has now been downloaded over 100 million times! ✨ [](https://www.pepy.tech/projects/bitstring) ✨
[](https://github.com/scott-griffiths/bitstring/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
[](https://bitstring.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
[](https://app.codacy.com/gh/scott-griffiths/bitstring/dashboard?utm_source=gh&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=&utm_campaign=Badge_grade)
[](https://libraries.io/pypi/bitstring)
[](https://www.pepy.tech/projects/bitstring)
[](https://pypistats.org/packages/bitstring)
----
> [!NOTE]
> To see what been added, improved or fixed, and also to see what's coming in the next version, see the [release notes](https://github.com/scott-griffiths/bitstring/blob/main/release_notes.md).
# Overview
* Efficiently store and manipulate binary data in idiomatic Python.
* Create bitstrings from hex, octal, binary, files, formatted strings, bytes, integers and floats of different endiannesses.
* Powerful binary packing and unpacking functions.
* Bit-level slicing, joining, searching, replacing and more.
* Create and manipulate arrays of fixed-length bitstrings.
* Read from and interpret bitstrings as streams of binary data.
* Rich API - chances are that whatever you want to do there's a simple and elegant way of doing it.
* Open source software, released under the MIT licence.
# Documentation
Extensive documentation for the bitstring library is available.
Some starting points are given below:
* [Overview](https://bitstring.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html)
* [Quick Reference](https://bitstring.readthedocs.io/en/stable/quick_reference.html)
* [Full Reference](https://bitstring.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference.html)
There is also an introductory walkthrough notebook on [binder](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/scott-griffiths/bitstring/main?labpath=doc%2Fwalkthrough.ipynb).
# Examples
### Installation
```
$ pip install bitstring
```
### Creation
```pycon
>>> from bitstring import Bits, BitArray, BitStream, pack
>>> a = BitArray(bin='00101')
>>> b = Bits(a_file_object)
>>> c = BitArray('0xff, 0b101, 0o65, uint6=22')
>>> d = pack('intle16, hex=a, 0b1', 100, a='0x34f')
>>> e = pack('<16h', *range(16))
```
### Different interpretations, slicing and concatenation
```pycon
>>> a = BitArray('0x3348')
>>> a.hex, a.bin, a.uint, a.float, a.bytes
('3348', '0011001101001000', 13128, 0.2275390625, b'3H')
>>> a[10:3:-1].bin
'0101100'
>>> '0b100' + 3*a
BitArray('0x866906690669, 0b000')
```
### Reading data sequentially
```pycon
>>> b = BitStream('0x160120f')
>>> b.read(12).hex
'160'
>>> b.pos = 0
>>> b.read('uint12')
352
>>> b.readlist('uint12, bin3')
[288, '111']
```
### Searching, inserting and deleting
```pycon
>>> c = BitArray('0b00010010010010001111') # c.hex == '0x1248f'
>>> c.find('0x48')
(8,)
>>> c.replace('0b001', '0xabc')
>>> c.insert('0b0000', pos=3)
>>> del c[12:16]
```
### Arrays of fixed-length formats
```pycon
>>> from bitstring import Array
>>> a = Array('uint7', [9, 100, 3, 1])
>>> a.data
BitArray('0x1390181')
>>> a[::2] *= 5
>>> a
Array('uint7', [45, 100, 15, 1])
```
<sub>Copyright (c) 2006 - 2025 Scott Griffiths</sub>
|
