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from datetime import datetime
from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
from django.db import connection
from django.db.models import (
BooleanField,
Exists,
ExpressionWrapper,
F,
OuterRef,
Q,
Value,
)
from django.db.models.expressions import NegatedExpression, RawSQL
from django.db.models.functions import ExtractDay, Lower, TruncDate
from django.db.models.lookups import (
Exact,
IntegerFieldExact,
IntegerLessThanOrEqual,
IsNull,
)
from django.db.models.sql.where import NothingNode
from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase
from .models import Tag
class QTests(SimpleTestCase):
def test_combine_and_empty(self):
q = Q(x=1)
self.assertEqual(q & Q(), q)
self.assertEqual(Q() & q, q)
q = Q(x__in={}.keys())
self.assertEqual(q & Q(), q)
self.assertEqual(Q() & q, q)
def test_combine_and_both_empty(self):
self.assertEqual(Q() & Q(), Q())
def test_combine_or_empty(self):
q = Q(x=1)
self.assertEqual(q | Q(), q)
self.assertEqual(Q() | q, q)
q = Q(x__in={}.keys())
self.assertEqual(q | Q(), q)
self.assertEqual(Q() | q, q)
def test_combine_xor_empty(self):
q = Q(x=1)
self.assertEqual(q ^ Q(), q)
self.assertEqual(Q() ^ q, q)
q = Q(x__in={}.keys())
self.assertEqual(q ^ Q(), q)
self.assertEqual(Q() ^ q, q)
def test_combine_empty_copy(self):
base_q = Q(x=1)
tests = [
base_q | Q(),
Q() | base_q,
base_q & Q(),
Q() & base_q,
base_q ^ Q(),
Q() ^ base_q,
]
for i, q in enumerate(tests):
with self.subTest(i=i):
self.assertEqual(q, base_q)
self.assertIsNot(q, base_q)
def test_combine_or_both_empty(self):
self.assertEqual(Q() | Q(), Q())
def test_combine_xor_both_empty(self):
self.assertEqual(Q() ^ Q(), Q())
def test_combine_not_q_object(self):
obj = object()
q = Q(x=1)
with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, str(obj)):
q | obj
with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, str(obj)):
q & obj
with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, str(obj)):
q ^ obj
def test_combine_negated_boolean_expression(self):
tagged = Tag.objects.filter(category=OuterRef("pk"))
tests = [
Q() & ~Exists(tagged),
Q() | ~Exists(tagged),
Q() ^ ~Exists(tagged),
]
for q in tests:
with self.subTest(q=q):
self.assertIsInstance(q, NegatedExpression)
def test_deconstruct(self):
q = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(path, "django.db.models.Q")
self.assertEqual(args, (("price__gt", F("discounted_price")),))
self.assertEqual(kwargs, {})
def test_deconstruct_negated(self):
q = ~Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(args, (("price__gt", F("discounted_price")),))
self.assertEqual(kwargs, {"_negated": True})
def test_deconstruct_or(self):
q1 = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
q2 = Q(price=F("discounted_price"))
q = q1 | q2
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(
args,
(
("price__gt", F("discounted_price")),
("price", F("discounted_price")),
),
)
self.assertEqual(kwargs, {"_connector": Q.OR})
def test_deconstruct_xor(self):
q1 = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
q2 = Q(price=F("discounted_price"))
q = q1 ^ q2
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(
args,
(
("price__gt", F("discounted_price")),
("price", F("discounted_price")),
),
)
self.assertEqual(kwargs, {"_connector": Q.XOR})
def test_deconstruct_and(self):
q1 = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
q2 = Q(price=F("discounted_price"))
q = q1 & q2
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(
args,
(
("price__gt", F("discounted_price")),
("price", F("discounted_price")),
),
)
self.assertEqual(kwargs, {})
def test_deconstruct_multiple_kwargs(self):
q = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"), price=F("discounted_price"))
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(
args,
(
("price", F("discounted_price")),
("price__gt", F("discounted_price")),
),
)
self.assertEqual(kwargs, {})
def test_deconstruct_nested(self):
q = Q(Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price")))
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(args, (Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price")),))
self.assertEqual(kwargs, {})
def test_deconstruct_boolean_expression(self):
expr = RawSQL("1 = 1", BooleanField())
q = Q(expr)
_, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(args, (expr,))
self.assertEqual(kwargs, {})
def test_reconstruct(self):
q = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(Q(*args, **kwargs), q)
def test_reconstruct_negated(self):
q = ~Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(Q(*args, **kwargs), q)
def test_reconstruct_or(self):
q1 = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
q2 = Q(price=F("discounted_price"))
q = q1 | q2
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(Q(*args, **kwargs), q)
def test_reconstruct_xor(self):
q1 = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
q2 = Q(price=F("discounted_price"))
q = q1 ^ q2
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(Q(*args, **kwargs), q)
def test_reconstruct_and(self):
q1 = Q(price__gt=F("discounted_price"))
q2 = Q(price=F("discounted_price"))
q = q1 & q2
path, args, kwargs = q.deconstruct()
self.assertEqual(Q(*args, **kwargs), q)
def test_equal(self):
self.assertEqual(Q(), Q())
self.assertEqual(
Q(("pk__in", (1, 2))),
Q(("pk__in", [1, 2])),
)
self.assertEqual(
Q(("pk__in", (1, 2))),
Q(pk__in=[1, 2]),
)
self.assertEqual(
Q(("pk__in", (1, 2))),
Q(("pk__in", {1: "first", 2: "second"}.keys())),
)
self.assertNotEqual(
Q(name__iexact=F("other_name")),
Q(name=Lower(F("other_name"))),
)
def test_hash(self):
self.assertEqual(hash(Q()), hash(Q()))
self.assertEqual(
hash(Q(("pk__in", (1, 2)))),
hash(Q(("pk__in", [1, 2]))),
)
self.assertEqual(
hash(Q(("pk__in", (1, 2)))),
hash(Q(pk__in=[1, 2])),
)
self.assertEqual(
hash(Q(("pk__in", (1, 2)))),
hash(Q(("pk__in", {1: "first", 2: "second"}.keys()))),
)
self.assertNotEqual(
hash(Q(name__iexact=F("other_name"))),
hash(Q(name=Lower(F("other_name")))),
)
def test_flatten(self):
q = Q()
self.assertEqual(list(q.flatten()), [q])
q = Q(NothingNode())
self.assertEqual(list(q.flatten()), [q, q.children[0]])
q = Q(
ExpressionWrapper(
Q(RawSQL("id = 0", params=(), output_field=BooleanField()))
| Q(price=Value("4.55"))
| Q(name=Lower("category")),
output_field=BooleanField(),
)
)
flatten = list(q.flatten())
self.assertEqual(len(flatten), 7)
def test_create_helper(self):
items = [("a", 1), ("b", 2), ("c", 3)]
for connector in [Q.AND, Q.OR, Q.XOR]:
with self.subTest(connector=connector):
self.assertEqual(
Q.create(items, connector=connector),
Q(*items, _connector=connector),
)
def test_referenced_base_fields(self):
# Make sure Q.referenced_base_fields retrieves all base fields from
# both filters and F expressions.
tests = [
(Q(field_1=1) & Q(field_2=1), {"field_1", "field_2"}),
(
Q(Exact(F("field_3"), IsNull(F("field_4"), True))),
{"field_3", "field_4"},
),
(Q(Exact(Q(field_5=F("field_6")), True)), {"field_5", "field_6"}),
(Q(field_2=1), {"field_2"}),
(Q(field_7__lookup=True), {"field_7"}),
(Q(field_7__joined_field__lookup=True), {"field_7"}),
]
combined_q = Q(1)
combined_q_base_fields = set()
for q, expected_base_fields in tests:
combined_q &= q
combined_q_base_fields |= expected_base_fields
tests.append((combined_q, combined_q_base_fields))
for q, expected_base_fields in tests:
with self.subTest(q=q):
self.assertEqual(
q.referenced_base_fields,
expected_base_fields,
)
def test_replace_expressions(self):
replacements = {F("timestamp"): Value(None)}
self.assertEqual(
Q(timestamp__date__day=25).replace_expressions(replacements),
Q(timestamp__date__day=25),
)
replacements = {F("timestamp"): Value(datetime(2025, 10, 23))}
self.assertEqual(
Q(timestamp__date__day=13).replace_expressions(replacements),
Q(
IntegerFieldExact(
ExtractDay(TruncDate(Value(datetime(2025, 10, 23)))),
13,
)
),
)
self.assertEqual(
Q(timestamp__date__day__lte=25).replace_expressions(replacements),
Q(
IntegerLessThanOrEqual(
ExtractDay(TruncDate(Value(datetime(2025, 10, 23)))),
25,
)
),
)
self.assertEqual(
(
Q(Q(timestamp__date__day__lte=25), timestamp__date__day=13)
).replace_expressions(replacements),
(
Q(
Q(
IntegerLessThanOrEqual(
ExtractDay(TruncDate(Value(datetime(2025, 10, 23)))),
25,
)
),
IntegerFieldExact(
ExtractDay(TruncDate(Value(datetime(2025, 10, 23)))),
13,
),
)
),
)
self.assertEqual(
Q(timestamp=None).replace_expressions(replacements),
Q(IsNull(Value(datetime(2025, 10, 23)), True)),
)
self.assertEqual(
Q(timestamp__date__day__invalid=25).replace_expressions(replacements),
Q(timestamp__date__day__invalid=25),
)
class QCheckTests(TestCase):
def test_basic(self):
q = Q(price__gt=20)
self.assertIs(q.check({"price": 30}), True)
self.assertIs(q.check({"price": 10}), False)
def test_expression(self):
q = Q(name="test")
self.assertIs(q.check({"name": Lower(Value("TeSt"))}), True)
self.assertIs(q.check({"name": Value("other")}), False)
def test_missing_field(self):
q = Q(description__startswith="prefix")
msg = "Cannot resolve keyword 'description' into field."
with self.assertRaisesMessage(FieldError, msg):
q.check({"name": "test"})
def test_boolean_expression(self):
q = Q(ExpressionWrapper(Q(price__gt=20), output_field=BooleanField()))
self.assertIs(q.check({"price": 25}), True)
self.assertIs(q.check({"price": Value(10)}), False)
def test_rawsql(self):
"""
RawSQL expressions cause a database error because "price" cannot be
replaced by its value. In this case, Q.check() logs a warning and
return True.
"""
q = Q(RawSQL("price > %s", params=(20,), output_field=BooleanField()))
with self.assertLogs("django.db.models", "WARNING") as cm:
self.assertIs(q.check({"price": 10}), True)
self.assertIn(
f"Got a database error calling check() on {q!r}: ",
cm.records[0].getMessage(),
)
# We must leave the connection in a usable state (#35712).
self.assertTrue(connection.is_usable())
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