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# Copyright 2012 OpenStack Foundation
# All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
import copy
import errno
import hashlib
import logging
import posixpath
import socket
import StringIO
import struct
import urlparse
from six.moves import http_client
try:
import json
except ImportError:
import simplejson as json
# Python 2.5 compat fix
if not hasattr(urlparse, 'parse_qsl'):
import cgi
urlparse.parse_qsl = cgi.parse_qsl
import OpenSSL
from glanceclient import exc
from glanceclient.common import utils
from glanceclient.openstack.common import strutils
try:
from eventlet import patcher
# Handle case where we are running in a monkey patched environment
if patcher.is_monkey_patched('socket'):
from eventlet.green.httplib import HTTPSConnection
from eventlet.green.OpenSSL.SSL import GreenConnection as Connection
from eventlet.greenio import GreenSocket
# TODO(mclaren): A getsockopt workaround: see 'getsockopt' doc string
GreenSocket.getsockopt = utils.getsockopt
else:
raise ImportError
except ImportError:
HTTPSConnection = http_client.HTTPSConnection
from OpenSSL.SSL import Connection as Connection
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
USER_AGENT = 'python-glanceclient'
CHUNKSIZE = 1024 * 64 # 64kB
class HTTPClient(object):
def __init__(self, endpoint, **kwargs):
self.endpoint = endpoint
endpoint_parts = self.parse_endpoint(self.endpoint)
self.endpoint_scheme = endpoint_parts.scheme
self.endpoint_hostname = endpoint_parts.hostname
self.endpoint_port = endpoint_parts.port
self.endpoint_path = endpoint_parts.path
self.connection_class = self.get_connection_class(self.endpoint_scheme)
self.connection_kwargs = self.get_connection_kwargs(
self.endpoint_scheme, **kwargs)
self.identity_headers = kwargs.get('identity_headers')
self.auth_token = kwargs.get('token')
if self.identity_headers:
if self.identity_headers.get('X-Auth-Token'):
self.auth_token = self.identity_headers.get('X-Auth-Token')
del self.identity_headers['X-Auth-Token']
@staticmethod
def parse_endpoint(endpoint):
return urlparse.urlparse(endpoint)
@staticmethod
def get_connection_class(scheme):
if scheme == 'https':
return VerifiedHTTPSConnection
else:
return http_client.HTTPConnection
@staticmethod
def get_connection_kwargs(scheme, **kwargs):
_kwargs = {'timeout': float(kwargs.get('timeout', 600))}
if scheme == 'https':
_kwargs['cacert'] = kwargs.get('cacert', None)
_kwargs['cert_file'] = kwargs.get('cert_file', None)
_kwargs['key_file'] = kwargs.get('key_file', None)
_kwargs['insecure'] = kwargs.get('insecure', False)
_kwargs['ssl_compression'] = kwargs.get('ssl_compression', True)
return _kwargs
def get_connection(self):
_class = self.connection_class
try:
return _class(self.endpoint_hostname, self.endpoint_port,
**self.connection_kwargs)
except http_client.InvalidURL:
raise exc.InvalidEndpoint()
def log_curl_request(self, method, url, kwargs):
curl = ['curl -i -X %s' % method]
for (key, value) in kwargs['headers'].items():
header = '-H \'%s: %s\'' % (key, value)
curl.append(header)
conn_params_fmt = [
('key_file', '--key %s'),
('cert_file', '--cert %s'),
('cacert', '--cacert %s'),
]
for (key, fmt) in conn_params_fmt:
value = self.connection_kwargs.get(key)
if value:
curl.append(fmt % value)
if self.connection_kwargs.get('insecure'):
curl.append('-k')
if kwargs.get('body') is not None:
curl.append('-d \'%s\'' % kwargs['body'])
curl.append('%s%s' % (self.endpoint, url))
LOG.debug(strutils.safe_encode(' '.join(curl)))
@staticmethod
def log_http_response(resp, body=None):
status = (resp.version / 10.0, resp.status, resp.reason)
dump = ['\nHTTP/%.1f %s %s' % status]
dump.extend(['%s: %s' % (k, v) for k, v in resp.getheaders()])
dump.append('')
if body:
dump.extend([body, ''])
LOG.debug(strutils.safe_encode('\n'.join(dump)))
@staticmethod
def encode_headers(headers):
"""Encodes headers.
Note: This should be used right before
sending anything out.
:param headers: Headers to encode
:returns: Dictionary with encoded headers'
names and values
"""
to_str = strutils.safe_encode
return dict([(to_str(h), to_str(v)) for h, v in headers.iteritems()])
def _http_request(self, url, method, **kwargs):
"""Send an http request with the specified characteristics.
Wrapper around httplib.HTTP(S)Connection.request to handle tasks such
as setting headers and error handling.
"""
# Copy the kwargs so we can reuse the original in case of redirects
kwargs['headers'] = copy.deepcopy(kwargs.get('headers', {}))
kwargs['headers'].setdefault('User-Agent', USER_AGENT)
if self.auth_token:
kwargs['headers'].setdefault('X-Auth-Token', self.auth_token)
if self.identity_headers:
for k, v in self.identity_headers.iteritems():
kwargs['headers'].setdefault(k, v)
self.log_curl_request(method, url, kwargs)
conn = self.get_connection()
# Note(flaper87): Before letting headers / url fly,
# they should be encoded otherwise httplib will
# complain. If we decide to rely on python-request
# this wont be necessary anymore.
kwargs['headers'] = self.encode_headers(kwargs['headers'])
try:
if self.endpoint_path:
# NOTE(yuyangbj): this method _http_request could either be
# called by API layer, or be called recursively with
# redirection. For example, url would be '/v1/images/detail'
# from API layer, but url would be 'https://example.com:92/
# v1/images/detail' from recursion.
# See bug #1230032 and bug #1208618.
if url is not None:
all_parts = urlparse.urlparse(url)
if not (all_parts.scheme and all_parts.netloc):
norm_parse = posixpath.normpath
url = norm_parse('/'.join([self.endpoint_path, url]))
else:
url = self.endpoint_path
conn_url = urlparse.urlsplit(url).geturl()
# Note(flaper87): Ditto, headers / url
# encoding to make httplib happy.
conn_url = strutils.safe_encode(conn_url)
if kwargs['headers'].get('Transfer-Encoding') == 'chunked':
conn.putrequest(method, conn_url)
for header, value in kwargs['headers'].items():
conn.putheader(header, value)
conn.endheaders()
chunk = kwargs['body'].read(CHUNKSIZE)
# Chunk it, baby...
while chunk:
conn.send('%x\r\n%s\r\n' % (len(chunk), chunk))
chunk = kwargs['body'].read(CHUNKSIZE)
conn.send('0\r\n\r\n')
else:
conn.request(method, conn_url, **kwargs)
resp = conn.getresponse()
except socket.gaierror as e:
message = "Error finding address for %s: %s" % (
self.endpoint_hostname, e)
raise exc.InvalidEndpoint(message=message)
except (socket.error, socket.timeout) as e:
endpoint = self.endpoint
message = ("Error communicating with %(endpoint)s %(e)s" %
{'endpoint': endpoint, 'e': e})
raise exc.CommunicationError(message=message)
body_iter = ResponseBodyIterator(resp)
# Read body into string if it isn't obviously image data
if resp.getheader('content-type', None) != 'application/octet-stream':
body_str = ''.join([chunk for chunk in body_iter])
self.log_http_response(resp, body_str)
body_iter = StringIO.StringIO(body_str)
else:
self.log_http_response(resp)
if 400 <= resp.status < 600:
LOG.error("Request returned failure status.")
raise exc.from_response(resp, body_str)
elif resp.status in (301, 302, 305):
# Redirected. Reissue the request to the new location.
return self._http_request(resp.getheader('location', None), method,
**kwargs)
elif resp.status == 300:
raise exc.from_response(resp)
return resp, body_iter
def json_request(self, method, url, **kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault('headers', {})
kwargs['headers'].setdefault('Content-Type', 'application/json')
if 'body' in kwargs:
kwargs['body'] = json.dumps(kwargs['body'])
resp, body_iter = self._http_request(url, method, **kwargs)
if 'application/json' in resp.getheader('content-type', ''):
body = ''.join([chunk for chunk in body_iter])
try:
body = json.loads(body)
except ValueError:
LOG.error('Could not decode response body as JSON')
else:
body = None
return resp, body
def raw_request(self, method, url, **kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault('headers', {})
kwargs['headers'].setdefault('Content-Type',
'application/octet-stream')
if 'body' in kwargs:
if (hasattr(kwargs['body'], 'read')
and method.lower() in ('post', 'put')):
# We use 'Transfer-Encoding: chunked' because
# body size may not always be known in advance.
kwargs['headers']['Transfer-Encoding'] = 'chunked'
return self._http_request(url, method, **kwargs)
class OpenSSLConnectionDelegator(object):
"""
An OpenSSL.SSL.Connection delegator.
Supplies an additional 'makefile' method which httplib requires
and is not present in OpenSSL.SSL.Connection.
Note: Since it is not possible to inherit from OpenSSL.SSL.Connection
a delegator must be used.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.connection = Connection(*args, **kwargs)
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self.connection, name)
def makefile(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Making sure socket is closed when this file is closed
# since we now avoid closing socket on connection close
# see new close method under VerifiedHTTPSConnection
kwargs['close'] = True
return socket._fileobject(self.connection, *args, **kwargs)
class VerifiedHTTPSConnection(HTTPSConnection):
"""
Extended HTTPSConnection which uses the OpenSSL library
for enhanced SSL support.
Note: Much of this functionality can eventually be replaced
with native Python 3.3 code.
"""
def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
cacert=None, timeout=None, insecure=False,
ssl_compression=True):
HTTPSConnection.__init__(self, host, port,
key_file=key_file,
cert_file=cert_file)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.timeout = timeout
self.insecure = insecure
self.ssl_compression = ssl_compression
self.cacert = cacert
self.setcontext()
@staticmethod
def host_matches_cert(host, x509):
"""
Verify that the the x509 certificate we have received
from 'host' correctly identifies the server we are
connecting to, ie that the certificate's Common Name
or a Subject Alternative Name matches 'host'.
"""
common_name = x509.get_subject().commonName
# First see if we can match the CN
if common_name == host:
return True
# Support single wildcard matching
if common_name.startswith('*.') and host.find('.') > 0:
if common_name[2:] == host.split('.', 1)[1]:
return True
# Also try Subject Alternative Names for a match
san_list = None
for i in xrange(x509.get_extension_count()):
ext = x509.get_extension(i)
if ext.get_short_name() == 'subjectAltName':
san_list = str(ext)
for san in ''.join(san_list.split()).split(','):
if san == "DNS:%s" % host:
return True
# Server certificate does not match host
msg = ('Host "%s" does not match x509 certificate contents: '
'CommonName "%s"' % (host, common_name))
if san_list is not None:
msg = msg + ', subjectAltName "%s"' % san_list
raise exc.SSLCertificateError(msg)
def verify_callback(self, connection, x509, errnum,
depth, preverify_ok):
# NOTE(leaman): preverify_ok may be a non-boolean type
preverify_ok = bool(preverify_ok)
if x509.has_expired():
msg = "SSL Certificate expired on '%s'" % x509.get_notAfter()
raise exc.SSLCertificateError(msg)
if depth == 0 and preverify_ok:
# We verify that the host matches against the last
# certificate in the chain
return self.host_matches_cert(self.host, x509)
else:
# Pass through OpenSSL's default result
return preverify_ok
def setcontext(self):
"""
Set up the OpenSSL context.
"""
self.context = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
if self.ssl_compression is False:
self.context.set_options(0x20000) # SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION
if self.insecure is not True:
self.context.set_verify(OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER,
self.verify_callback)
else:
self.context.set_verify(OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_NONE,
lambda *args: True)
if self.cert_file:
try:
self.context.use_certificate_file(self.cert_file)
except Exception as e:
msg = 'Unable to load cert from "%s" %s' % (self.cert_file, e)
raise exc.SSLConfigurationError(msg)
if self.key_file is None:
# We support having key and cert in same file
try:
self.context.use_privatekey_file(self.cert_file)
except Exception as e:
msg = ('No key file specified and unable to load key '
'from "%s" %s' % (self.cert_file, e))
raise exc.SSLConfigurationError(msg)
if self.key_file:
try:
self.context.use_privatekey_file(self.key_file)
except Exception as e:
msg = 'Unable to load key from "%s" %s' % (self.key_file, e)
raise exc.SSLConfigurationError(msg)
if self.cacert:
try:
self.context.load_verify_locations(self.cacert)
except Exception as e:
msg = 'Unable to load CA from "%s"' % (self.cacert, e)
raise exc.SSLConfigurationError(msg)
else:
self.context.set_default_verify_paths()
def connect(self):
"""
Connect to an SSL port using the OpenSSL library and apply
per-connection parameters.
"""
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
if self.timeout is not None:
# '0' microseconds
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVTIMEO,
struct.pack('fL', self.timeout, 0))
self.sock = OpenSSLConnectionDelegator(self.context, sock)
self.sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
def close(self):
if self.sock:
# Removing reference to socket but don't close it yet.
# Response close will close both socket and associated
# file. Closing socket too soon will cause response
# reads to fail with socket IO error 'Bad file descriptor'.
self.sock = None
# Calling close on HTTPConnection to continue doing that cleanup.
HTTPSConnection.close(self)
class ResponseBodyIterator(object):
"""
A class that acts as an iterator over an HTTP response.
This class will also check response body integrity when iterating over
the instance and if a checksum was supplied using `set_checksum` method,
else by default the class will not do any integrity check.
"""
def __init__(self, resp):
self._resp = resp
self._checksum = None
self._size = int(resp.getheader('content-length', 0))
self._end_reached = False
def set_checksum(self, checksum):
"""
Set checksum to check against when iterating over this instance.
:raise: AttributeError if iterator is already consumed.
"""
if self._end_reached:
raise AttributeError("Can't set checksum for an already consumed"
" iterator")
self._checksum = checksum
def __len__(self):
return int(self._size)
def __iter__(self):
md5sum = hashlib.md5()
while True:
try:
chunk = self.next()
except StopIteration:
self._end_reached = True
# NOTE(mouad): Check image integrity when the end of response
# body is reached.
md5sum = md5sum.hexdigest()
if self._checksum is not None and md5sum != self._checksum:
raise IOError(errno.EPIPE,
'Corrupted image. Checksum was %s '
'expected %s' % (md5sum, self._checksum))
raise
else:
yield chunk
md5sum.update(chunk)
def next(self):
chunk = self._resp.read(CHUNKSIZE)
if chunk:
return chunk
else:
raise StopIteration()
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