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# HexBytes
[](https://gitter.im/ethereum/web3.py?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
[](https://circleci.com/gh/ethereum/hexbytes)
[](https://badge.fury.io/py/hexbytes)
[](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/hexbytes)
[](http://hexbytes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
Python `bytes` subclass that decodes hex, with a readable console output
Read more in the [documentation on ReadTheDocs](https://hexbytes.readthedocs.io/). [View the change log](https://hexbytes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html).
## Quickstart
```sh
pip install hexbytes
```
```py
# convert from bytes to a prettier representation at the console
>>> HexBytes(b"\x03\x08wf\xbfh\xe7\x86q\xd1\xeaCj\xe0\x87\xdat\xa1'a\xda\xc0 \x01\x1a\x9e\xdd\xc4\x90\x0b\xf1;")
HexBytes('0x03087766bf68e78671d1ea436ae087da74a12761dac020011a9eddc4900bf13b')
# HexBytes accepts the hex string representation as well, ignoring case and 0x prefixes
>>> hb = HexBytes('03087766BF68E78671D1EA436AE087DA74A12761DAC020011A9EDDC4900BF13B')
HexBytes('0x03087766bf68e78671d1ea436ae087da74a12761dac020011a9eddc4900bf13b')
# get the first byte:
>>> hb[0]
3
# show how many bytes are in the value
>>> len(hb)
32
# cast back to the basic `bytes` type
>>> bytes(hb)
b"\x03\x08wf\xbfh\xe7\x86q\xd1\xeaCj\xe0\x87\xdat\xa1'a\xda\xc0 \x01\x1a\x9e\xdd\xc4\x90\x0b\xf1;"
```
## Developer Setup
If you would like to hack on hexbytes, please check out the [Snake Charmers
Tactical Manual](https://github.com/ethereum/snake-charmers-tactical-manual)
for information on how we do:
- Testing
- Pull Requests
- Code Style
- Documentation
### Development Environment Setup
You can set up your dev environment with:
```sh
git clone git@github.com:carver/hexbytes.git
cd hexbytes
virtualenv -p python3 venv
. venv/bin/activate
pip install -e .[dev]
```
### Testing Setup
During development, you might like to have tests run on every file save.
Show flake8 errors on file change:
```sh
# Test flake8
when-changed -v -s -r -1 hexbytes/ tests/ -c "clear; flake8 hexbytes tests && echo 'flake8 success' || echo 'error'"
```
Run multi-process tests in one command, but without color:
```sh
# in the project root:
pytest --numprocesses=4 --looponfail --maxfail=1
# the same thing, succinctly:
pytest -n 4 -f --maxfail=1
```
Run in one thread, with color and desktop notifications:
```sh
cd venv
ptw --onfail "notify-send -t 5000 'Test failure ⚠⚠⚠⚠⚠' 'python 3 test on hexbytes failed'" ../tests ../hexbytes
```
### Release setup
For Debian-like systems:
```
apt install pandoc
```
To release a new version:
```sh
make release bump=$$VERSION_PART_TO_BUMP$$
```
#### How to bumpversion
The version format for this repo is `{major}.{minor}.{patch}` for stable, and
`{major}.{minor}.{patch}-{stage}.{devnum}` for unstable (`stage` can be alpha or beta).
To issue the next version in line, specify which part to bump,
like `make release bump=minor` or `make release bump=devnum`. This is typically done from the
master branch, except when releasing a beta (in which case the beta is released from master,
and the previous stable branch is released from said branch).
If you are in a beta version, `make release bump=stage` will switch to a stable.
To issue an unstable version when the current version is stable, specify the
new version explicitly, like `make release bump="--new-version 4.0.0-alpha.1 devnum"`
|
