1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
|
# minimal sanity check
ROOT = "."
import os, sys
sys.path.insert(0, ROOT)
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageDraw
from PIL import ImageFilter
from PIL import ImageMath
try:
Image.core.ping
except ImportError, v:
print "***", v
sys.exit()
except AttributeError:
pass
def _info(im):
im.load()
return im.format, im.mode, im.size
def testimage():
"""
PIL lets you create in-memory images with various pixel types:
>>> im = Image.new("1", (128, 128)) # monochrome
>>> _info(im)
(None, '1', (128, 128))
>>> _info(Image.new("L", (128, 128))) # grayscale (luminance)
(None, 'L', (128, 128))
>>> _info(Image.new("P", (128, 128))) # palette
(None, 'P', (128, 128))
>>> _info(Image.new("RGB", (128, 128))) # truecolor
(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))
>>> _info(Image.new("I", (128, 128))) # 32-bit integer
(None, 'I', (128, 128))
>>> _info(Image.new("F", (128, 128))) # 32-bit floating point
(None, 'F', (128, 128))
Or open existing files:
>>> im = Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Images/lena.gif"))
>>> _info(im)
('GIF', 'P', (128, 128))
>>> _info(Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Images/lena.ppm")))
('PPM', 'RGB', (128, 128))
>>> try:
... _info(Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Images/lena.jpg")))
... except IOError, v:
... print v
('JPEG', 'RGB', (128, 128))
PIL doesn't actually load the image data until it's needed,
or you call the "load" method:
>>> im = Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Images/lena.ppm"))
>>> print im.im # internal image attribute
None
>>> a = im.load()
>>> type(im.im)
<type 'ImagingCore'>
You can apply many different operations on images. Most
operations return a new image:
>>> im = Image.open(os.path.join(ROOT, "Images/lena.ppm"))
>>> _info(im.convert("L"))
(None, 'L', (128, 128))
>>> _info(im.copy())
(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))
>>> _info(im.crop((32, 32, 96, 96)))
(None, 'RGB', (64, 64))
>>> _info(im.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR))
(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))
>>> im.getbands()
('R', 'G', 'B')
>>> im.getbbox()
(0, 0, 128, 128)
>>> len(im.getdata())
16384
>>> im.getextrema()
((61, 255), (26, 234), (44, 223))
>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
(223, 162, 133)
>>> len(im.getprojection())
2
>>> len(im.histogram())
768
>>> _info(im.point(range(256)*3))
(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))
>>> _info(im.resize((64, 64)))
(None, 'RGB', (64, 64))
>>> _info(im.rotate(45))
(None, 'RGB', (128, 128))
>>> map(_info, im.split())
[(None, 'L', (128, 128)), (None, 'L', (128, 128)), (None, 'L', (128, 128))]
>>> len(im.convert("1").tobitmap())
10456
>>> len(im.tostring())
49152
>>> _info(im.transform((512, 512), Image.AFFINE, (1,0,0,0,1,0)))
(None, 'RGB', (512, 512))
>>> _info(im.transform((512, 512), Image.EXTENT, (32,32,96,96)))
(None, 'RGB', (512, 512))
The ImageDraw module lets you draw stuff in raster images:
>>> im = Image.new("L", (128, 128), 64)
>>> d = ImageDraw.ImageDraw(im)
>>> d.line((0, 0, 128, 128), fill=128)
>>> d.line((0, 128, 128, 0), fill=128)
>>> im.getextrema()
(64, 128)
In 1.1.4, you can specify colors in a number of ways:
>>> xy = 0, 0, 128, 128
>>> im = Image.new("RGB", (128, 128), 0)
>>> d = ImageDraw.ImageDraw(im)
>>> d.rectangle(xy, "#f00")
>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
(255, 0, 0)
>>> d.rectangle(xy, "#ff0000")
>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
(255, 0, 0)
>>> d.rectangle(xy, "rgb(255,0,0)")
>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
(255, 0, 0)
>>> d.rectangle(xy, "rgb(100%,0%,0%)")
>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
(255, 0, 0)
>>> d.rectangle(xy, "hsl(0, 100%, 50%)")
>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
(255, 0, 0)
>>> d.rectangle(xy, "red")
>>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
(255, 0, 0)
In 1.1.6, you can use the ImageMath module to do image
calculations.
>>> im = ImageMath.eval("float(im + 20)", im=im.convert("L"))
>>> im.mode, im.size
('F', (128, 128))
PIL can do many other things, but I'll leave that for another
day. If you're curious, check the handbook, available from:
http://www.pythonware.com
Cheers /F
"""
def check_module(feature, module):
try:
__import__("PIL." + module)
except ImportError:
print "***", feature, "support not installed"
else:
print "---", feature, "support ok"
def check_codec(feature, codec):
if codec + "_encoder" not in dir(Image.core):
print "***", feature, "support not installed"
else:
print "---", feature, "support ok"
if __name__ == "__main__":
# check build sanity
exit_status = 0
print "-"*68
print "PIL", Image.VERSION, "TEST SUMMARY "
print "-"*68
print "Python modules loaded from", os.path.dirname(Image.__file__)
print "Binary modules loaded from", os.path.dirname(Image.core.__file__)
print "-"*68
check_module("PIL CORE", "_imaging")
check_module("TKINTER", "_imagingtk")
check_codec("JPEG", "jpeg")
check_codec("ZLIB (PNG/ZIP)", "zip")
check_module("FREETYPE2", "_imagingft")
check_module("LITTLECMS", "_imagingcms")
print "-"*68
# use doctest to make sure the test program behaves as documented!
import doctest, selftest
print "Running selftest:"
status = doctest.testmod(selftest)
if status[0]:
print "*** %s tests of %d failed." % status
exit_status = 1
else:
print "--- %s tests passed." % status[1]
sys.exit(exit_status)
|
