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|
#### PATTERN | ES | INFLECT ########################################################################
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2012 University of Antwerp, Belgium
# Author: Tom De Smedt <tom@organisms.be>
# License: BSD (see LICENSE.txt for details).
####################################################################################################
# Regular expressions-based rules for Spanish word inflection:
# - pluralization and singularization of nouns,
# - conjugation of verbs,
# - predicative adjectives.
# Accuracy:
# 78% for pluralize()
# 94% for singularize()
# 81% for Verbs.find_lemma() (0.55 regular 87% + 0.45 irregular 74%)
# 87% for Verbs.find_lexeme() (0.55 regular 99% + 0.45 irregular 72%)
# 93% for predicative()
import os
import sys
import re
try:
MODULE = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
except:
MODULE = ""
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(MODULE, "..", "..", "..", ".."))
from pattern.text import Verbs as _Verbs
from pattern.text import (
INFINITIVE, PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE, CONDITIONAL,
FIRST, SECOND, THIRD,
SINGULAR, PLURAL, SG, PL,
INDICATIVE, IMPERATIVE, SUBJUNCTIVE,
IMPERFECTIVE, PERFECTIVE, PROGRESSIVE,
IMPERFECT, PRETERITE,
PARTICIPLE, GERUND
)
sys.path.pop(0)
VERB, NOUN, ADJECTIVE, ADVERB = "VB", "NN", "JJ", "RB"
VOWELS = ("a", "e", "i", "o", "u")
re_vowel = re.compile(r"a|e|i|o|u", re.I)
is_vowel = lambda ch: ch in VOWELS
def normalize(vowel):
return {u"á":"a", u"é":"e", u"í":"i", u"ó":"o", u"ú":"u"}.get(vowel, vowel)
#### ARTICLE #######################################################################################
# Spanish inflection of depends on gender and number.
# Inflection gender.
MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTER, PLURAL = \
MALE, FEMALE, NEUTRAL, PLURAL = \
M, F, N, PL = "m", "f", "n", "p"
def definite_article(word, gender=MALE):
""" Returns the definite article (el/la/los/las) for a given word.
"""
if MASCULINE in gender:
return PLURAL in gender and "los" or "el"
return PLURAL in gender and "las" or "la"
def indefinite_article(word, gender=MALE):
""" Returns the indefinite article (un/una/unos/unas) for a given word.
"""
if MASCULINE in gender:
return PLURAL in gender and "unos" or "un"
return PLURAL in gender and "unas" or "una"
DEFINITE = "definite"
INDEFINITE = "indefinite"
def article(word, function=INDEFINITE, gender=MALE):
""" Returns the indefinite (un) or definite (el) article for the given word.
"""
return function == DEFINITE \
and definite_article(word, gender) \
or indefinite_article(word, gender)
_article = article
def referenced(word, article=INDEFINITE, gender=MALE):
""" Returns a string with the article + the word.
"""
return "%s %s" % (_article(word, article, gender), word)
#### PLURALIZE #####################################################################################
plural_irregular = {
u"mamá": u"mamás",
u"papá": u"papás",
u"sofá": u"sofás",
u"dominó": u"dominós",
}
def pluralize(word, pos=NOUN, custom={}):
""" Returns the plural of a given word.
For example: gato => gatos.
The custom dictionary is for user-defined replacements.
"""
if word in custom:
return custom[word]
w = word.lower()
# Article: masculine el => los, feminine la => las.
if w == "el":
return "los"
if w == "la":
return "las"
# Irregular inflections.
if w in plural_irregular:
return plural_irregular[w]
# Words endings that are unlikely to inflect.
if w.endswith((
"idad",
"esis", "isis", "osis",
"dica", u"grafía", u"logía")):
return w
# Words ending in a vowel get -s: gato => gatos.
if w.endswith(VOWELS) or w.endswith(u"é"):
return w + "s"
# Words ending in a stressed vowel get -s: hindú => hindúes.
if w.endswith((u"á", u"é", u"í", u"ó", u"ú")):
return w + "es"
# Words ending in -és get -eses: holandés => holandeses.
if w.endswith(u"és"):
return w[:-2] + "eses"
# Words ending in -s preceded by an unstressed vowel: gafas => gafas.
if w.endswith(u"s") and len(w) > 3 and is_vowel(w[-2]):
return w
# Words ending in -z get -ces: luz => luces
if w.endswith(u"z"):
return w[:-1] + "ces"
# Words that change vowel stress: graduación => graduaciones.
for a, b in (
(u"án", "anes"),
(u"én", "enes"),
(u"ín", "ines"),
(u"ón", "ones"),
(u"ún", "unes")):
if w.endswith(a):
return w[:-2] + b
# Words ending in a consonant get -es.
return w + "es"
#print(pluralize(u"libro")) # libros
#print(pluralize(u"señor")) # señores
#print(pluralize(u"ley")) # leyes
#print(pluralize(u"mes")) # meses
#print(pluralize(u"luz")) # luces
#print(pluralize(u"inglés")) # ingleses
#print(pluralize(u"rubí")) # rubíes
#print(pluralize(u"papá")) # papás
#### SINGULARIZE ###################################################################################
def singularize(word, pos=NOUN, custom={}):
if word in custom:
return custom[word]
w = word.lower()
# los gatos => el gato
if pos == "DT":
if w in ("la", "las", "los"):
return "el"
if w in ("una", "unas", "unos"):
return "un"
return w
# hombres => hombre
if w.endswith("es") and w[:-2].endswith(("br", "i", "j", "t", "zn")):
return w[:-1]
# gestiones => gestión
for a, b in (
("anes", u"án"),
("enes", u"én"),
("eses", u"és"),
("ines", u"ín"),
("ones", u"ón"),
("unes", u"ún")):
if w.endswith(a):
return w[:-4] + b
# hipotesis => hipothesis
if w.endswith(("esis", "isis", "osis")):
return w
# luces => luz
if w.endswith("ces"):
return w[:-3] + "z"
# hospitales => hospital
if w.endswith("es"):
return w[:-2]
# gatos => gato
if w.endswith("s"):
return w[:-1]
return w
#### VERB CONJUGATION ##############################################################################
verb_irregular_inflections = [
(u"yéramos", "ir" ), ( "cisteis", "cer" ), ( "tuviera", "tener"), ( "ndieron", "nder" ),
( "ndiendo", "nder" ), (u"tándose", "tarse" ), ( "ndieran", "nder" ), ( "ndieras", "nder" ),
(u"izaréis", "izar" ), ( "disteis", "der" ), ( "irtiera", "ertir"), ( "pusiera", "poner"),
( "endiste", "ender"), ( "laremos", "lar" ), (u"ndíamos", "nder" ), (u"icaréis", "icar" ),
(u"dábamos", "dar" ), ( "intiera", "entir" ), ( "iquemos", "icar" ), (u"jéramos", "cir" ),
( "dierais", "der" ), ( "endiera", "ender" ), (u"iéndose", "erse" ), ( "jisteis", "cir" ),
( "cierais", "cer" ), (u"ecíamos", "ecer" ), ( u"áramos", "ar" ), ( u"ríamos", "r" ),
( u"éramos", "r" ), ( u"iríais", "ir" ), ( "temos", "tar" ), ( "steis", "r" ),
( "ciera", "cer" ), ( "erais", "r" ), ( "timos", "tir" ), ( "uemos", "ar" ),
( "tiera", "tir" ), ( "bimos", "bir" ), ( u"ciéis", "ciar" ), ( "gimos", "gir" ),
( "jiste", "cir" ), ( "mimos", "mir" ), ( u"guéis", "gar" ), ( u"stéis", "star" ),
( "jimos", "cir" ), ( u"inéis", "inar" ), ( "jemos", "jar" ), ( "tenga", "tener"),
( u"quéis", "car" ), ( u"bíais", "bir" ), ( "jeron", "cir" ), ( u"uíais", "uir" ),
( u"ntéis", "ntar" ), ( "jeras", "cir" ), ( "jeran", "cir" ), ( u"ducía", "ducir"),
( "yendo", "ir" ), ( "eemos", "ear" ), ( "ierta", "ertir"), ( "ierte", "ertir"),
( "nemos", "nar" ), ( u"ngáis", "ner" ), ( "liera", "ler" ), ( u"endió", "ender"),
( u"uyáis", "uir" ), ( "memos", "mar" ), ( "ciste", "cer" ), ( "ujera", "ucir" ),
( "uimos", "uir" ), ( "ienda", "ender" ), ( u"lléis", "llar" ), ( "iemos", "iar" ),
( "iende", "ender"), ( "rimos", "rir" ), ( "semos", "sar" ), ( u"itéis", "itar" ),
( u"gíais", "gir" ), ( u"ndáis", "nder" ), ( u"tíais", "tir" ), ( "demos", "dar" ),
( "lemos", "lar" ), ( "ponga", "poner" ), ( "yamos", "ir" ), ( u"icéis", "izar" ),
( "bais", "r" ), ( u"rías", "r" ), ( u"rían", "r" ), ( u"iría", "ir" ),
( "eran", "r" ), ( "eras", "r" ), ( u"irán", "ir" ), ( u"irás", "ir" ),
( "ongo", "oner" ), ( "aiga", "aer" ), ( u"ímos", "ir" ), ( u"ibía", "ibir" ),
( "diga", "decir"), ( u"edía", "edir" ), ( "orte", "ortar"), ( u"guió", "guir" ),
( "iega", "egar" ), ( "oren", "orar" ), ( "ores", "orar" ), ( u"léis", "lar" ),
( "irme", "irmar"), ( "siga", "seguir"), ( u"séis", "sar" ), ( u"stré", "strar"),
( "cien", "ciar" ), ( "cies", "ciar" ), ( "dujo", "ducir"), ( "eses", "esar" ),
( "esen", "esar" ), ( "coja", "coger" ), ( "lice", "lizar"), ( u"tías", "tir" ),
( u"tían", "tir" ), ( "pare", "parar" ), ( "gres", "grar" ), ( "gren", "grar" ),
( "tuvo", "tener"), ( u"uían", "uir" ), ( u"uías", "uir" ), ( "quen", "car" ),
( "ques", "car" ), ( u"téis", "tar" ), ( "iero", "erir" ), ( "iere", "erir" ),
( "uche", "uchar"), ( "tuve", "tener" ), ( "inen", "inar" ), ( "pire", "pirar"),
( u"reía", "reir" ), ( "uste", "ustar" ), ( u"ibió", "ibir" ), ( "duce", "ducir"),
( "icen", "izar" ), ( "ices", "izar" ), ( "ines", "inar" ), ( "ires", "irar" ),
( "iren", "irar" ), ( "duje", "ducir" ), ( "ille", "illar"), ( "urre", "urrir"),
( "tido", "tir" ), ( u"ndió", "nder" ), ( "uido", "uir" ), ( "uces", "ucir" ),
( "ucen", "ucir" ), ( u"iéis", "iar" ), ( u"eció", "ecer" ), ( u"jéis", "jar" ),
( "erve", "ervar"), ( "uyas", "uir" ), ( "uyan", "uir" ), ( u"tía", "tir" ),
( u"uía", "uir" ), ( "aos", "arse" ), ( "gue", "gar" ), ( u"qué", "car" ),
( "que", "car" ), ( "rse", "rse" ), ( "ste", "r" ), ( "era", "r" ),
( u"tió", "tir" ), ( "ine", "inar" ), ( u"ré", "r" ), ( "ya", "ir" ),
( "ye", "ir" ), ( u"tí", "tir" ), ( u"cé", "zar" ), ( "ie", "iar" ),
( "id", "ir" ), ( u"ué", "ar" ),
]
class Verbs(_Verbs):
def __init__(self):
_Verbs.__init__(self, os.path.join(MODULE, "es-verbs.txt"),
language = "es",
default = {},
format = [
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, # indicativo presente
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 24, # indicativo pretérito
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, # indicativo imperfecto
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, # indicativo futuro
46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, # indicativo condicional
52, 54, # imperativo afirmativo
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, # subjuntivo presente
67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 # subjuntivo imperfecto
])
def find_lemma(self, verb):
""" Returns the base form of the given inflected verb, using a rule-based approach.
"""
# Spanish has 12,000+ verbs, ending in -ar (85%), -er (8%), -ir (7%).
# Over 65% of -ar verbs (6500+) have a regular inflection.
v = verb.lower()
# Probably ends in -ir if preceding vowel in stem is -i.
er_ir = lambda b: (len(b) > 2 and b[-2] == "i") and b+"ir" or b+"er"
# Probably infinitive if ends in -ar, -er or -ir.
if v.endswith(("ar", "er", "ir")):
return v
# Ruleset for irregular inflections adds 10% accuracy.
for a, b in verb_irregular_inflections:
if v.endswith(a):
return v[:-len(a)] + b
# reconozco => reconocer
v = v.replace(u"zco", "ce")
# reconozcamos => reconocer
v = v.replace(u"zca", "ce")
# reconozcáis => reconocer
v = v.replace(u"zcá", "ce")
# saldrár => saler
if "ldr" in v:
return v[:v.index("ldr")+1] + "er"
# compondrán => componer
if "ndr" in v:
return v[:v.index("ndr")+1] + "er"
# Many verbs end in -ar and have a regular inflection:
for x in ((
u"ando", u"ado", u"ad", # participle
u"aré", u"arás", u"ará", u"aremos", u"aréis", u"arán", # future
u"aría", u"arías", u"aríamos", u"aríais", u"arían", # conditional
u"aba", u"abas", u"ábamos", u"abais", u"aban", # past imperfective
u"é", u"aste", u"ó", u"asteis", u"aron", # past perfective
u"ara", u"aras", u"áramos", u"arais", u"aran")): # past subjunctive
if v.endswith(x):
return v[:-len(x)] + "ar"
# Many verbs end in -er and have a regular inflection:
for x in ((
u"iendo", u"ido", u"ed", # participle
u"eré", u"erás", u"erá", u"eremos", u"eréis", u"erán", # future
u"ería", u"erías", u"eríamos", u"eríais", u"erían", # conditional
u"ía", u"ías", u"íamos", u"íais", u"ían", # past imperfective
u"í", "iste", u"ió", "imos", "isteis", "ieron", # past perfective
u"era", u"eras", u"éramos", u"erais", u"eran")): # past subjunctive
if v.endswith(x):
return er_ir(v[:-len(x)])
# Many verbs end in -ir and have a regular inflection:
for x in ((
u"iré", u"irás", u"irá", u"iremos", u"iréis", u"irán", # future
u"iría", u"irías", u"iríamos", u"iríais", u"irían")): # past subjunctive
if v.endswith(x):
return v[:-len(x)] + "ir"
# Present 1sg -o: yo hablo, como, vivo => hablar, comer, vivir.
if v.endswith("o"):
return v[:-1] + "ar"
# Present 2sg, 3sg and 3pl: tú hablas.
if v.endswith(("as", "a", "an")):
return v.rstrip("sn")[:-1] + "ar"
# Present 2sg, 3sg and 3pl: tú comes, tú vives.
if v.endswith(("es", "e", "en")):
return er_ir(v.rstrip("sn")[:-1])
# Present 1pl and 2pl: nosotros hablamos.
for i, x in enumerate((
("amos", u"áis"),
("emos", u"éis"),
("imos", u"ís"))):
for x in x:
if v.endswith(x):
return v[:-len(x)] + ("ar", "er", "ir")[i]
return v
def find_lexeme(self, verb):
""" For a regular verb (base form), returns the forms using a rule-based approach.
"""
v = verb.lower()
if v.endswith(("arse", "erse", "irse")):
# Reflexive verbs: calmarse (calmar) => me calmo.
b = v[:-4]
else:
b = v[:-2]
if v.endswith("ar") or not v.endswith(("er", "ir")):
# Regular inflection for verbs ending in -ar.
return [v,
b+u"o", b+u"as", b+u"a", b+u"amos", b+u"áis", b+u"an", b+u"ando",
b+u"é", b+u"aste", b+u"ó", b+u"amos", b+u"asteis", b+u"aron", b+u"ado",
b+u"aba", b+u"abas", b+u"aba", b+u"ábamos", b+u"abais", b+u"aban",
v+u"é", v+u"ás", v+u"á", v+u"emos", v+u"éis", v+u"án",
v+u"ía", v+u"ías", v+u"ía", v+u"íamos", v+u"íais", v+u"ían",
b+u"a", v[:-1]+"d",
b+u"e", b+u"es", b+u"e", b+u"emos", b+u"éis", b+u"en",
v+u"a", v+u"as", v+u"a", b+u"áramos", v+u"ais", v+u"an"]
else:
# Regular inflection for verbs ending in -er and -ir.
p1, p2 = v.endswith("er") and ("e", u"é") or ("i","e")
return [v,
b+u"o", b+u"es", b+u"e", b+p1+u"mos", b+p2+u"is", b+u"en", b+u"iendo",
b+u"í", b+u"iste", b+u"ió", b+u"imos", b+u"isteis", b+u"ieron", b+u"ido",
b+u"ía", b+u"ías", b+u"ía", b+u"íamos", b+u"íais", b+u"ían",
v+u"é", v+u"ás", v+u"á", v+u"emos", v+u"éis", v+u"án",
v+u"ía", v+u"ías", v+u"ía", v+u"íamos", v+u"íais", v+u"ían",
b+u"a", v[:-1]+"d",
b+u"a", b+u"as", b+u"a", b+u"amos", b+u"áis", b+u"an",
b+u"iera", b+u"ieras", b+u"iera", b+u"iéramos", b+u"ierais", b+u"ieran"]
verbs = Verbs()
conjugate, lemma, lexeme, tenses = \
verbs.conjugate, verbs.lemma, verbs.lexeme, verbs.tenses
#### ATTRIBUTIVE & PREDICATIVE #####################################################################
def attributive(adjective, gender=MALE):
w = adjective.lower()
# normal => normales
if PLURAL in gender and not is_vowel(w[-1:]):
return w + "es"
# el chico inteligente => los chicos inteligentes
if PLURAL in gender and w.endswith(("a", "e")):
return w + "s"
# el chico alto => los chicos altos
if w.endswith("o"):
if FEMININE in gender and PLURAL in gender:
return w[:-1] + "as"
if FEMININE in gender:
return w[:-1] + "a"
if PLURAL in gender:
return w + "s"
return w
#print(attributive("intelligente", gender=PLURAL)) # intelligentes
#print(attributive("alto", gender=MALE+PLURAL)) # altos
#print(attributive("alto", gender=FEMALE+PLURAL)) # altas
#print(attributive("normal", gender=MALE)) # normal
#print(attributive("normal", gender=FEMALE)) # normal
#print(attributive("normal", gender=PLURAL)) # normales
def predicative(adjective):
""" Returns the predicative adjective (lowercase).
In Spanish, the attributive form is always used for descriptive adjectives:
"el chico alto" => masculine,
"la chica alta" => feminine.
The predicative is useful for lemmatization.
"""
w = adjective.lower()
# histéricos => histérico
if w.endswith(("os", "as")):
w = w[:-1]
# histérico => histérico
if w.endswith("o"):
return w
# histérica => histérico
if w.endswith("a"):
return w[:-1] + "o"
# horribles => horrible, humorales => humoral
if w.endswith("es"):
if len(w) >= 4 and not is_vowel(normalize(w[-3])) and not is_vowel(normalize(w[-4])):
return w[:-1]
return w[:-2]
return w
|
