1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
|
#### PATTERN | FR | INFLECT ########################################################################
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2013 University of Antwerp, Belgium
# Author: Tom De Smedt <tom@organisms.be>
# License: BSD (see LICENSE.txt for details).
####################################################################################################
# Regular expressions-based rules for French word inflection:
# - pluralization and singularization of nouns,
# - conjugation of verbs,
# - predicative and attributive of adjectives.
# Accuracy:
# 92% for pluralize()
# 93% for singularize()
# 80% for Verbs.find_lemma() (mixed regular/irregular)
# 86% for Verbs.find_lexeme() (mixed regular/irregular)
# 95% predicative() (measured on Lexique French morphology word forms)
import os
import sys
import re
try:
MODULE = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
except:
MODULE = ""
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(MODULE, "..", "..", "..", ".."))
from pattern.text import Verbs as _Verbs
from pattern.text import (
INFINITIVE, PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE,
FIRST, SECOND, THIRD,
SINGULAR, PLURAL, SG, PL,
INDICATIVE, IMPERATIVE, SUBJUNCTIVE, CONDITIONAL,
IMPERFECTIVE, PERFECTIVE, PROGRESSIVE,
IMPERFECT, PRETERITE,
PARTICIPLE, GERUND
)
sys.path.pop(0)
VERB, NOUN, ADJECTIVE, ADVERB = "VB", "NN", "JJ", "RB"
VOWELS = ("a", "e", "i", "o", "u")
re_vowel = re.compile(r"a|e|i|o|u", re.I)
is_vowel = lambda ch: ch in VOWELS
#### PLURALIZE #####################################################################################
plural_irregular = {
"bleu": "bleus",
"pneu": "pneus",
"travail": "travaux",
"vitrail": "vitraux"
}
def pluralize(word, pos=NOUN, custom={}):
""" Returns the plural of a given word.
The custom dictionary is for user-defined replacements.
"""
if word in custom:
return custom[word]
w = word.lower()
if w in plural_irregular:
return plural_irregular[w]
if w.endswith(("ais", "ois")):
return w + "es"
if w.endswith(("s", "x")):
return w
if w.endswith("al"):
return w[:-2] + "aux"
if w.endswith(("au", "eu")):
return w + "x"
return w + "s"
#### SINGULARIZE ###################################################################################
def singularize(word, pos=NOUN, custom={}):
if word in custom:
return custom[word]
w = word.lower()
# Common articles, determiners, pronouns:
if pos in ("DT", "PRP", "PRP$", "WP", "RB", "IN"):
if w == "du" : return "de"
if w == "ces": return "ce"
if w == "les": return "le"
if w == "des": return "un"
if w == "mes": return "mon"
if w == "ses": return "son"
if w == "tes": return "ton"
if w == "nos": return "notre"
if w == "vos": return "votre"
if w.endswith(("'", u"’")):
return w[:-1] + "e"
if w.endswith("nnes"): # parisiennes => parisien
return w[:-3]
if w.endswith("ntes"): # passantes => passant
return w[:-2]
if w.endswith("euses"): # danseuses => danseur
return w[:-3] + "r"
if w.endswith("s"):
return w[:-1]
if w.endswith(("aux", "eux", "oux")):
return w[:-1]
if w.endswith("ii"):
return w[:-1] + "o"
if w.endswith(("ia", "ma")):
return w[:-1] + "um"
if "-" in w:
return singularize(w.split("-")[0]) + "-" + "-".join(w.split("-")[1:])
return w
#### VERB CONJUGATION ##############################################################################
verb_inflections = [
("issaient", "ir" ), ("eassions", "er" ), ("dissions", "dre" ), (u"çassions", "cer" ),
( "eraient", "er" ), ( "assions", "er" ), ( "issions", "ir" ), ( "iraient", "ir" ),
( "isaient", "ire" ), ( "geaient", "ger" ), ( "eassent", "er" ), ( "geasses", "ger" ),
( "eassiez", "er" ), ( "dissiez", "dre" ), ( "dissent", "dre" ), ( "endrons", "endre"),
( "endriez", "endre"), ( "endrais", "endre"), ( "erions", "er" ), ( "assent", "er" ),
( "assiez", "er" ), ( "raient", "re" ), ( "issent", "ir" ), ( "issiez", "ir" ),
( "irions", "ir" ), ( "issons", "ir" ), ( "issant", "ir" ), ( "issait", "ir" ),
( "issais", "ir" ), ( "aient", "er" ), ( u"èrent", "er" ), ( "erait", "er" ),
( "eront", "er" ), ( "erons", "er" ), ( "eriez", "er" ), ( "erais", "er" ),
( "asses", "er" ), ( "rions", "re" ), ( "isses", "ir" ), ( "irent", "ir" ),
( "irait", "ir" ), ( "irons", "ir" ), ( "iriez", "ir" ), ( "irais", "ir" ),
( "iront", "ir" ), ( "issez", "ir" ), ( "ions", "er" ), ( "erez", "er" ),
( "eras", "er" ), ( "erai", "er" ), ( "asse", "er" ), ( u"âtes", "er" ),
( u"âmes", "er" ), ( "isse", "ir" ), ( u"îtes", "ir" ), ( u"îmes", "ir" ),
( "irez", "ir" ), ( "iras", "ir" ), ( "irai", "ir" ), ( "ront", "re" ),
( "iez", "er" ), ( "ent", "er" ), ( "ais", "er" ), ( "ons", "er" ),
( "ait", "er" ), ( "ant", "er" ), ( "era", "er" ), ( "ira", "ir" ),
( "es", "er" ), ( "ez", "er" ), ( "as", "er" ), ( "ai", "er" ),
( u"ât", "er" ), ( "ds", "dre" ), ( "is", "ir" ), ( "it", "ir" ),
( u"ît", "ir" ), ( u"ïr", u"ïr" ), ( "nd", "ndre"), ( "nu", "nir" ),
( "e", "er" ), ( u"é", "er" ), ( "a", "er" ), ( "t", "re" ),
( "s", "re" ), ( "i", "ir" ), ( u"û", "ir" ), ( "u", "re" ),
( "d", "dre" )
]
class Verbs(_Verbs):
def __init__(self):
_Verbs.__init__(self, os.path.join(MODULE, "fr-verbs.txt"),
language = "fr",
default = {},
format = [
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 24, # indicatif présent
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, # indicatif passé simple
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, # indicatif imparfait
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, # indicatif futur simple
46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, # conditionnel présent
52, 53, 54, # impératif présent
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, # subjonctif présent
67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 # subjonctif imparfait
])
def find_lemma(self, verb):
""" Returns the base form of the given inflected verb, using a rule-based approach.
"""
# French has 20,000+ verbs, ending in -er (majority), -ir, -re.
v = verb.lower()
if v.endswith(("er", "ir", "re")):
return v
for a, b in verb_inflections:
if v.endswith(a):
return v[:-len(a)] + b
return v
def find_lexeme(self, verb):
""" For a regular verb (base form), returns the forms using a rule-based approach.
"""
v = verb.lower()
b = v[:-2]
if v.endswith("ir") and not \
v.endswith(("couvrir", "cueillir", u"découvrir", "offrir", "ouvrir", "souffrir")):
# Regular inflection for verbs ending in -ir.
# Some -ir verbs drop the last letter of the stem: dormir => je dors (not: je dormis).
if v.endswith(("dormir", "mentir", "partir", "sentir", "servir", "sortir")):
b0 = b[:-1]
else:
b0 = b + "i"
return [v,
b0+"s", b0+"s", b0+"t", b+"issons", b+"issez", b+"issent", b+"issant", b+"i",
b+"is", b+"is", b+"it", b+u"îmes", b+u"îtes", b+"irent",
b+"issais", b+"issais", b+"issait", b+"issions", b+"issiez", b+"issaient",
v+"ai", v+"as", v+"a", v+"ons", v+"ez", v+u"ont",
v+"ais", v+"ais", v+"ait", v+"ions", v+"iez", v+"aient",
b+"is", b+"issons", b+"issez",
b+"isse", b+"isses", b+"isse", b+"issions", b+"issiez", b+"issent",
b+"isse", b+"isses", b+u"ît", b+"issions", b+"issiez", b+"issent"
]
elif v.endswith("re"):
# Regular inflection for verbs ending in -re.
# Verbs ending in -attre and -ettre drop the -t in the singular form.
if v.endswith(("ttre")):
b0 = b1 = b[:-1]
else:
b0 = b1 = b
# Verbs ending in -aindre, -eindre and -oindre drop the -d.
if v.endswith("indre"):
b0, b1 = b[:-1], b[:-2] + "gn"
# Verbs ending in -prendre drop the -d in the plural form.
if v.endswith("prendre"):
b0, b1 = b, b[:-1]
return [v,
b0+"s", b0+"s", b0+"", b1+"ons", b1+"ez", b1+"ent", b1+"ant", b+"u",
b+"is", b+"is", b+"it", b1+u"îmes", b1+u"îtes", b1+"irent",
b+"ais", b+"ais", b+"ait", b1+"ions", b1+"iez", b1+"aient",
b+"rai", b+"ras", b+"ra", b+"rons", b+"rez", b+"ront",
b+"ais", b+"ais", b+"ait", b1+"ions", b1+"iez", b1+"aient",
b0+"s", b1+"ons", b1+"ez",
b+"e", b+"es", b+u"e", b1+"ions", b1+"iez", b1+"ent",
b+"isse", b+"isses", b+u"ît", b1+"issions", b1+"issiez", b1+"issent"
]
else:
# Regular inflection for verbs ending in -er.
# If the stem ends in -g, use -ge before hard vowels -a and -o: manger => mangeons.
# If the stem ends in -c, use -ç before hard vowels -a and -o: lancer => lançons.
e = v.endswith("ger") and u"e" or ""
c = v.endswith("cer") and b[:-1]+u"ç" or b
return [v,
b+"e", b+"es", b+"e", c+e+"ons", b+"ez", b+"ent", c+e+"ant", b+u"é",
c+e+"ai", c+e+"as", c+e+"a", c+e+u"âmes", c+e+u"âtes", b+u"èrent",
c+e+"ais", c+e+"ais", c+e+"ait", b+"ions", b+"iez", c+e+"aient",
v+"ai", v+u"as", v+"a", v+"ons", v+"ez", v+"ont",
v+"ais", v+u"ais", v+"ait", v+"ions", v+"iez", v+"aient",
b+"e", c+e+u"ons", b+"ez",
b+"e", b+u"es", b+"e", b+"ions", b+"iez", b+"ent",
c+e+"asse", c+e+"asses", c+e+u"ât", c+e+"assions", c+e+"assiez", c+e+"assent"
]
verbs = Verbs()
conjugate, lemma, lexeme, tenses = \
verbs.conjugate, verbs.lemma, verbs.lexeme, verbs.tenses
#### ATTRIBUTIVE & PREDICATIVE #####################################################################
def attributive(adjective):
""" For a predicative adjective, returns the attributive form.
"""
# Must deal with feminine and plural.
raise NotImplementedError
def predicative(adjective):
""" Returns the predicative adjective (lowercase): belles => beau.
"""
w = adjective.lower()
if w.endswith(("ais", "ois")):
return w
if w.endswith((u"és", u"ée", u"ées")):
return w.rstrip("es")
if w.endswith(("que", "ques")):
return w.rstrip("s")
if w.endswith(("nts", "nte", "ntes")):
return w.rstrip("es")
if w.endswith("eaux"):
return w.rstrip("x")
if w.endswith(("aux", "ale", "ales")):
return w.rstrip("uxles") + "l"
if w.endswith(("rteuse", "rteuses", "ailleuse")):
return w.rstrip("es") + "r"
if w.endswith(("euse", "euses")):
return w.rstrip("es") + "x"
if w.endswith(("els", "elle", "elles")):
return w.rstrip("les") + "el"
if w.endswith(("ifs", "ive", "ives")):
return w.rstrip("es")[:-2] + "if"
if w.endswith(("is", "ie", "ies")):
return w.rstrip("es")
if w.endswith(("enne", "ennes")):
return w.rstrip("nes") + "en"
if w.endswith(("onne", "onnes")):
return w.rstrip("nes") + "n"
if w.endswith(("igne", "ignes", "ingue", "ingues")):
return w.rstrip("s")
if w.endswith((u"ène", u"ènes")):
return w.rstrip("s")
if w.endswith(("ns", "ne", "nes")):
return w.rstrip("es")
if w.endswith(("ite", "ites")):
return w.rstrip("es")
if w.endswith(("is", "ise", "ises")):
return w.rstrip("es") + "s"
if w.endswith(("rice", "rices")):
return w.rstrip("rices") + "eur"
if w.endswith(("iers", u"ière", u"ières")):
return w.rstrip("es")[:-3] + "ier"
if w.endswith(("ette", "ettes")):
return w.rstrip("tes") + "et"
if w.endswith(("rds", "rde", "rdes")):
return w.rstrip("es")
if w.endswith(("nds", "nde", "ndes")):
return w.rstrip("es")
if w.endswith(("us", "ue", "ues")):
return w.rstrip("es")
return w.rstrip("s")
|
