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<html>
<head>
<meta name="description" content="Pmw - a toolkit for building high-level compound widgets in Python">
<meta name="content" content="python, megawidget, mega widget, compound widget, gui, tkinter">
<title>Pmw.MenuBar reference manual</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#0000ee"
vlink="551a8b" alink="ff0000">
<h1 ALIGN="CENTER">Pmw.MenuBar</h1>
<center><IMG SRC=MenuBar.gif ALT="" WIDTH=474 HEIGHT=29></center>
<dl>
<dt> <h3>Name</h3></dt><dd>
<p>Pmw.MenuBar() -
manager megawidget for menu buttons and menus
</p>
</dd>
<dt> <h3>Inherits</h3></dt><dd>
<a href="MegaWidget.html">Pmw.MegaWidget</a><br>
</dd>
<dt> <h3>Description</h3></dt><dd>
<p>
A menu bar is a container megawidget which manages a number of
menu buttons and dropdown menus. There
are methods to add menu buttons and menus to the menu bar and for
adding menu items to the menus. Menu buttons may be added to the
left or right of the megawidget. Each menu button and menu item may
have help text to be displayed by a <a href="Balloon.html">Pmw.Balloon</a>. Each menu
and cascaded menu (sub-menu) is referenced by name which is
supplied on creation.</p>
<p></p>
</dd>
<dt> <h3>Options</h3></dt><dd>
Options for this megawidget and its base
classes are described below.<p></p>
<a name=option.balloon></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>balloon
</strong></dt><dd>
Specifies a <a href="Balloon.html">Pmw.Balloon</a> to display the help text for menu
buttons and menu items. If <strong>None</strong>, no help is displayed. If the
balloon has an associated <a href="MessageBar.html">Pmw.MessageBar</a>, the help text will also be
displayed there. The default is <strong>None</strong>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<a name=option.hotkeys></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>hotkeys
</strong></dt><dd>
Initialisation option. If true, keyboard accelerators will be assigned to each menu
button and menu item. Keyboard accelerators can be used to access
the menus without using the mouse. The accelerator character is
always one of the alphanumeric characters in the text label of the
menu or menu item and is indicated by an underline.</p>
<p> To select a menu, simultaneously press the <strong><Alt></strong> key and the
accelerator character indicated on a menu button. The arrows keys
can then be used to select other menus and menu items. To invoke a
menu item, press <strong><Return></strong> or press the accelerator character
indicated on the menu item.</p>
<p> Each accelerator character will be assigned automatically unless
<em>traverseSpec</em> is supplied to the <code>addmenu()</code>, <code>addmenuitem()</code> or
<code>addcascademenu()</code> methods. The automatically selected
accelerator character for a menu button (or menu item) is the
first character in the label text that has not already been used
as an accelerator for a menu button (or in the menu containing the
menu item).</p>
<p> If <em>traverseSpec</em> is given, it must be either an integer or a
character. If an integer, it specifies the index of the character
in the label text to use as the accelerator character. If a
character, it specifies the character to use as the accelerator
character. The default is <strong>1</strong>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<a name=option.padx></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>padx
</strong></dt><dd>
Initialisation option. Specifies a padding distance to leave between each menu button in
the x direction and also between the menu buttons and the outer
edge of the menu bar. The default is <strong>0</strong>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd>
<dt> <h3>Components</h3></dt><dd>
Components created by this megawidget and its base
classes are described below.<p></p>
<a name=component.hull></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>hull
</strong></dt><dd>
This acts as the body for the entire megawidget. Other components
are created as children of the hull to further specialise this
class. By default, this component is a Tkinter.Frame.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd>
<dt> <h3>Dynamic components</h3></dt><dd>
<p>
Menu button components are created dynamically by the
<code>addmenu()</code> method. By default, these are of type
Tkinter.Menubutton and are created with a component group of
<strong>Button</strong>.</p>
<p> Menu components are created dynamically by the <code>addmenu()</code> and
<code>addcascademenu()</code> methods. By default, these are of type
Tkinter.Menu and are created with a component group of <strong>Menu</strong>.</p>
<p> </p>
</dd>
<a name=methods></a>
<dt> <h3>Methods</h3></dt><dd>
Only methods specific to this megawidget are described below.
For a description of its inherited methods, see the
manual for its base class
<strong><a href="MegaWidget.html#methods">Pmw.MegaWidget</a></strong>.
<p></p>
<a name=method.addcascademenu></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>addcascademenu</strong>(<em>parentMenuName</em>, <em>menuName</em>, <em>statusHelp</em> = <strong>''</strong>, <em>traverseSpec</em> = <strong>None</strong>, **<em>kw</em>)</dt><dd>
Add a cascade menu (sub-menu) to the menu <em>parentMenuName</em>. The
<em>menuName</em> argument must not be the same as any menu already
created using the <code>addmenu()</code> or <code>addcascademenu()</code> methods.</p>
<p> A menu item in the parent menu is created (with the
<code>add_cascade()</code> method of the parent menu) using all keyword
arguments except <strong>tearoff</strong>.</p>
<p> If the <strong>label</strong> keyword argument is not given, the <strong>label</strong> option
of the menu item defaults to <em>menuName</em>. If the <strong>underline</strong>
keyword argument is not given (and the <strong>hotkeys</strong> megawidget option
is true) the <strong>underline</strong> option is determined as described under
<strong>hotkeys</strong> and is used to specify the keyboard accelerator.</p>
<p> The <em>statusHelp</em> argument is used as the help string for the menu
item. This is displayed using the <code>showstatus()</code> method of the
balloon.</p>
<p> The <strong>tearoff</strong> keyword argument, if present, is passed to the
constructor of the menu. The menu is created as a component named
<em>menuName</em>-<strong>menu</strong>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<a name=method.addmenu></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>addmenu</strong>(<em>menuName</em>, <em>balloonHelp</em>, <em>statusHelp</em> = <strong>None</strong>, <em>side</em> = <strong>'left'</strong>, <em>traverseSpec</em> = <strong>None</strong>, **<em>kw</em>)</dt><dd>
Add a menu button and its associated menu to the menu bar. The
<em>menuName</em> argument must not be the same as any menu already
created using the <code>addmenu()</code> or <code>addcascademenu()</code> methods.</p>
<p> Any keyword arguments present (except <strong>tearoff</strong>) will be passed to
the constructor of the menu button. If the <strong>text</strong> keyword
argument is not given, the <strong>text</strong> option of the menu button
defaults to <em>menuName</em>. If the <strong>underline</strong> keyword argument is
not given (and the <strong>hotkeys</strong> megawidget option is true) the
<strong>underline</strong> option is determined as described under <strong>hotkeys</strong> and
is used to specify the keyboard accelerator. Each menu button is
packed into the menu bar using the given <em>side</em>, which should be
either <strong>left</strong> or <strong>right</strong>. The menu button is created as a
component named <em>menuName</em>-<strong>button</strong>.</p>
<p> If the <strong>balloon</strong> option has been defined, <em>balloonHelp</em> and
<em>statusHelp</em> are passed to the balloon as the help strings for the
menu button. See the <code>bind()</code> method of <a href="Balloon.html">Pmw.Balloon</a> for how these
strings may be displayed.</p>
<p> The <strong>tearoff</strong> keyword argument, if present, is passed to the
constructor of the menu. The menu is created as a component named
<em>menuName</em>-<strong>menu</strong>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<a name=method.addmenuitem></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>addmenuitem</strong>(<em>menuName</em>, <em>itemType</em>, <em>statusHelp</em> = <strong>''</strong>, <em>traverseSpec</em> = <strong>None</strong>, **<em>kw</em>)</dt><dd>
Add a menu item to the menu <em>menuName</em>. The kind of menu item is
given by <em>itemType</em> and may be one of <strong>command</strong>, <strong>separator</strong>,
<strong>checkbutton</strong>, <strong>radiobutton</strong> or <strong>cascade</strong> (although cascade menus
are better added using the <code>addcascademenu()</code> method). Any
keyword arguments present will be passed to the menu when creating
the menu item. See Tkinter.Menu for the valid options for each
item type. In addition, a keyboard accelerator may be
automatically given to the item, as described under <strong>hotkeys</strong>. </p>
<p> When the mouse is moved over the menu item, the <em>helpString</em> will
be displayed by the <strong>balloon</strong>'s <strong>statuscommand</strong>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<a name=method.deletemenu></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>deletemenu</strong>(<em>menuName</em>)</dt><dd>
Delete the menu <em>menuName</em> and all its items. The menu may either
be a toplevel menu (in which case the corresponding menu button is
also deleted) or a cascade menu.</p>
</dd></dl>
<a name=method.deletemenuitems></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>deletemenuitems</strong>(<em>menuName</em>, <em>start</em>, <em>end</em> = <strong>None</strong>)</dt><dd>
Delete menu items from the menu <em>menuName</em>. If <em>end</em> is not
given, the <em>start</em> item is deleted. Otherwise all items from
<em>start</em> to <em>end</em> are deleted.</p>
</dd></dl>
<a name=method.disableall></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>disableall</strong>()</dt><dd>
Disable all toplevel menus.</p>
</dd></dl>
<a name=method.enableall></a>
<dl><dt> <strong>enableall</strong>()</dt><dd>
Enable all toplevel menus.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd>
<dt> <h3>Example</h3></dt><dd>
The image at the top of this manual is a snapshot
of the window (or part of the window) produced
by the following code.<p></p>
<pre>
class Demo:
def __init__(self, parent):
# Create the Balloon.
self.balloon = Pmw.Balloon(parent)
# Create and pack the MenuBar.
menuBar = Pmw.MenuBar(parent,
hull_relief = 'raised',
hull_borderwidth = 1,
balloon = self.balloon)
menuBar.pack(fill = 'x')
self.menuBar = menuBar
# Add some buttons to the MenuBar.
menuBar.addmenu('File', 'Close this window or exit')
menuBar.addmenuitem('File', 'command', 'Close this window',
command = PrintOne('Action: close'),
label = 'Close')
menuBar.addmenuitem('File', 'separator')
menuBar.addmenuitem('File', 'command', 'Exit the application',
command = PrintOne('Action: exit'),
label = 'Exit')
menuBar.addmenu('Edit', 'Cut, copy or paste')
menuBar.addmenuitem('Edit', 'command', 'Delete the current selection',
command = PrintOne('Action: delete'),
label = 'Delete')
menuBar.addmenu('Options', 'Set user preferences')
menuBar.addmenuitem('Options', 'command', 'Set general preferences',
command = PrintOne('Action: general options'),
label = 'General...')
# Create a checkbutton menu item.
self.toggleVar = Tkinter.IntVar()
# Initialise the checkbutton to 1:
self.toggleVar.set(1)
menuBar.addmenuitem('Options', 'checkbutton', 'Toggle me on/off',
label = 'Toggle',
command = self._toggleMe,
variable = self.toggleVar)
self._toggleMe()
menuBar.addcascademenu('Options', 'Size',
'Set some other preferences', traverseSpec = 'z', tearoff = 1)
for size in ('tiny', 'small', 'average', 'big', 'huge'):
menuBar.addmenuitem('Size', 'command', 'Set size to ' + size,
command = PrintOne('Action: size ' + size),
label = size)
menuBar.addmenu('Help', 'User manuals', side = 'right')
menuBar.addmenuitem('Help', 'command', 'About this application',
command = PrintOne('Action: about'),
label = 'About...')
# Create and pack the main part of the window.
self.mainPart = Tkinter.Label(parent,
text = 'This is the\nmain part of\nthe window',
background = 'black',
foreground = 'white',
padx = 30,
pady = 30)
self.mainPart.pack(fill = 'both', expand = 1)
# Create and pack the MessageBar.
self.messageBar = Pmw.MessageBar(parent,
entry_width = 40,
entry_relief='groove',
labelpos = 'w',
label_text = 'Status:')
self.messageBar.pack(fill = 'x', padx = 10, pady = 10)
self.messageBar.message('state', 'OK')
buttonBox = Pmw.ButtonBox(parent)
buttonBox.pack(fill = 'x')
buttonBox.add('Disable\nall', command = menuBar.disableall)
buttonBox.add('Enable\nall', command = menuBar.enableall)
buttonBox.add('Create\nmenu', command = self.add)
buttonBox.add('Delete\nmenu', command = self.delete)
buttonBox.add('Create\nitem', command = self.additem)
buttonBox.add('Delete\nitem', command = self.deleteitem)
# Configure the balloon to displays its status messages in the
# message bar.
self.balloon.configure(statuscommand = self.messageBar.helpmessage)
self.testMenuList = []
def _toggleMe(self):
print 'Toggle value:', self.toggleVar.get()
def add(self):
if len(self.testMenuList) == 0:
num = 0
else:
num = self.testMenuList[-1]
num = num + 1
name = 'Menu%d' % num
self.testMenuList.append(num)
self.menuBar.addmenu(name, 'This is ' + name)
def delete(self):
if len(self.testMenuList) == 0:
self.menuBar.bell()
else:
num = self.testMenuList[0]
name = 'Menu%d' % num
del self.testMenuList[0]
self.menuBar.deletemenu(name)
def additem(self):
if len(self.testMenuList) == 0:
self.menuBar.bell()
else:
num = self.testMenuList[-1]
menuName = 'Menu%d' % num
menu = self.menuBar.component(menuName + '-menu')
if menu.index('end') is None:
label = 'item X'
else:
label = menu.entrycget('end', 'label') + 'X'
self.menuBar.addmenuitem(menuName, 'command', 'Help for ' + label,
command = PrintOne('Action: ' + menuName + ': ' + label),
label = label)
def deleteitem(self):
if len(self.testMenuList) == 0:
self.menuBar.bell()
else:
num = self.testMenuList[-1]
menuName = 'Menu%d' % num
menu = self.menuBar.component(menuName + '-menu')
if menu.index('end') is None:
self.menuBar.bell()
else:
self.menuBar.deletemenuitems(menuName, 0)
class PrintOne:
def __init__(self, text):
self.text = text
def __call__(self):
print self.text
</pre>
</dd>
</dl>
<center><P ALIGN="CENTER">
<IMG SRC = blue_line.gif ALT = "" WIDTH=320 HEIGHT=5>
</p></center>
<font size=-1>
<center><P ALIGN="CENTER">
Pmw 1.2 -
5 Aug 2003
- <a href="index.html">Home</a>
<br>Manual page last reviewed: 22 April 2000
</p></center>
</font>
</body>
</html>
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