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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../about.html">About pyo</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../download.html">Installing pyo with pip</a></li>
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<section id="prefix-expression-evaluators">
<h1>Prefix expression evaluators<a class="headerlink" href="#prefix-expression-evaluators" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>Prefix audio expression evaluator.</p>
<p>This family implements a tiny functional programming language that
can be used to write synthesis or signal processing algorithms.</p>
<section id="objects-in-this-category">
<h2>Objects in this category<a class="headerlink" href="#objects-in-this-category" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#pyo.Expr" title="pyo.Expr"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Expr</span></code></a> : Prefix audio expression evaluator.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="api-documentation">
<h2><strong>API documentation</strong><a class="headerlink" href="#api-documentation" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>This API is in alpha stage and subject to future changes!</p>
</section>
<section id="builtin-functions">
<h2>Builtin functions<a class="headerlink" href="#builtin-functions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><strong>Arithmetic operators</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(+ x y) : returns the sum of two values.</p></li>
<li><p>(- x y) : substracts the second value to the first and returns the result.</p></li>
<li><p>(* x y) : returns the multiplication of two values.</p></li>
<li><p>(/ x y) : returns the quotient of x/y.</p></li>
<li><p>(^ x y) : returns x to the power y.</p></li>
<li><p>(% x y) : returns the floating-point remainder of x/y.</p></li>
<li><p>(neg x) : returns the negative of x.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Moving phase operators</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(++ x y) : increments its internal state by x and wrap around 0.0 and y.</p></li>
<li><p>(– x y) : decrements its internal state by x and wrap around 0.0 and y.</p></li>
<li><p>(~ x y) : generates a periodic ramp from 0 to 1 with frequency x and phase y.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Conditional operators</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(< x y) : returns 1 if x is less than y, otherwise returns 0.</p></li>
<li><p>(<= x y) : returns 1 if x is less than or equal to y, otherwise returns 0.</p></li>
<li><p>(> x y) : returns 1 if x is greater than y, otherwise returns 0.</p></li>
<li><p>(>= x y) : returns 1 if x is greater than or equal to y, otherwise returns 0.</p></li>
<li><p>(== x y) : returns 1 if x is equal to y, otherwise returns 0.</p></li>
<li><p>(!= x y) : returns 1 if x is not equal to y, otherwise returns 0.</p></li>
<li><p>(if (cond) (then) (else)) : returns then for any non-zero value of cond, otherwise returns else.</p></li>
<li><p>(and x y) : returns 1 if both x and y are not 0, otherwise returns 0.</p></li>
<li><p>(or x y) : returns 1 if one of x or y are not 0, otherwise returns 0.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Trigonometric functions</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(sin x) : returns the sine of an angle of x radians.</p></li>
<li><p>(cos x) : returns the cosine of an angle of x radians.</p></li>
<li><p>(tan x) : returns the tangent of x radians.</p></li>
<li><p>(tanh x) : returns the hyperbolic tangent of x radians.</p></li>
<li><p>(atan x) : returns the principal value of the arc tangent of x, expressed in radians.</p></li>
<li><p>(atan2 x y) : returns the principal value of the arc tangent of y/x, expressed in radians.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Power and logarithmic functions</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(sqrt x) : returns the square root of x.</p></li>
<li><p>(log x) : returns the natural logarithm of x.</p></li>
<li><p>(log2 x) : returns the binary (base-2) logarithm of x.</p></li>
<li><p>(log10 x) : returns the common (base-10) logarithm of x.</p></li>
<li><p>(pow x y) : returns x to the power y.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Clipping functions</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(abs x) : returns the absolute value of x.</p></li>
<li><p>(floor x) : rounds x downward, returning the largest integral value that is not greater than x.</p></li>
<li><p>(ceil x) : rounds x upward, returning the smallest integral value that is not less than x.</p></li>
<li><p>(exp x) : returns the constant e to the power x.</p></li>
<li><p>(round x) : returns the integral value that is nearest to x.</p></li>
<li><p>(min x y) : returns the smaller of its arguments: either x or y.</p></li>
<li><p>(max x y) : returns the larger of its arguments: either x or y.</p></li>
<li><p>(wrap x) : wraps x between 0 and 1.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Random fuctions</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(randf x y) : returns a pseudo-random floating-point number in the range between x and y.</p></li>
<li><p>(randi x y) : returns a pseudo-random integral number in the range between x and y.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Complex numbers</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(complex x y) : returns a complex number where x is the real part and y the imaginary part.</p></li>
<li><p>(real x) : returns the real part of the complex number x.</p></li>
<li><p>(imag x) : returns the imaginary part of the complex number x.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Filter functions</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(delay x) : one sample delay.</p></li>
<li><p>(sah x y) : samples and holds x value whenever y is smaller than its previous state.</p></li>
<li><p>(rpole x y) : real one-pole recursive filter. returns x + last_out * y.</p></li>
<li><p>(rzero x y) : real one-zero non-recursive filter. returns x - last_x * y.</p></li>
<li><p>(cpole x y) : complex one-pole recursive filter. x is the complex signal to filter, y is a complex coefficient, it returns a complex signal.</p></li>
<li><p>(czero x y) : complex one-zero non-recursive filter. x is the complex signal to filter, y is a complex coefficient, it returns a complex signal.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Multi-output function</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(out x y) : If using multiple outputs, creates an audio stream where x is the output channel and y the signal to write to the channel.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Constants</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>(const x) : returns x.</p></li>
<li><p>pi : returns an approximated value of pi.</p></li>
<li><p>twopi : returns a constant with value pi*2.</p></li>
<li><p>e : returns an approximated value of e.</p></li>
<li><p>sr : returns the current sampling rate.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="comments">
<h2>Comments<a class="headerlink" href="#comments" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>A comment starts with two slashs ( // ) and ends at the end of the line:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>// This is a comment!
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="input-and-output-signals">
<h2>Input and Output signals<a class="headerlink" href="#input-and-output-signals" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>User has access to the last buffer size of input and output samples.</p>
<p>To use samples from past inputs, use $x0[n] notation, where 0 is the first
audio stream ($x1[0] would retrieve the second audio stream) and n is the
position from the current time. $x0[0] is the current input sample, $x0[-1]
is the previous one and $x0[-buffersize] is the last available input sample.</p>
<p>The first audio stream can also simply be named $x[0] ($x[0] is the same as
$x0[0]).</p>
<p>To use samples from past output, use $y0[n] notation, where 0 is the first
output audio stream ($y1[0] would retrieve the second output audio stream)
and n is the position from the current time. $y0[-1] is the previous output
and $y0[-buffersize] is the last available output sample of the stream.</p>
<p>The first output audio stream can also simply be named $y[-1] ($y[-1] is the
same as $y0[-1]).</p>
<p>If the object generates only one channel output (the default), the last
expression in the script is the output signal. Otherwise, output signals must
be created with the out function.</p>
<p>Here an example of a first-order IIR lowpass filter expression:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>// A first-order IIR lowpass filter
+ $x[0] (* (- $y[-1] $x[0]) 0.99)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A simple ring-modulation expression:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>// ring-modulation between the first two input signals
* $x[0] $x1[0]
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Two output channels:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>// First channel
(out 0 (sin (* (twopi) (~ 400))))
// Second channel
(out 1 (sin (* (twopi) (~ 500))))
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="defining-custom-functions">
<h2>Defining custom functions<a class="headerlink" href="#defining-custom-functions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <cite>define</cite> keyword starts the definition of a custom function:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(define funcname (body))
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>funcname is the name used to call the function in the expression and body
is the sequence of functions to execute. Arguments of the function are
extracted directly from the body. They must be named $1, $2, $3, …, $9.</p>
<p>Example of a sine wave function:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(define osc (
sin (* (twopi) (~ $1))
)
)
// play a sine wave
* (osc 440) 0.3
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="state-variables">
<h2>State variables<a class="headerlink" href="#state-variables" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>User can create state variable with the keyword <cite>let</cite>. This is useful
to set an intermediate state to be used in multiple places in the
processing chain. The syntax is:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(let #var (body))
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The variable name must begin with a <cite>#</cite>:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(let #sr 44100)
(let #freq 1000)
(let #coeff (
^ (e) (/ (* (* -2 (pi)) #freq) #sr)
)
)
+ $x[0] (* (- $y[-1] $x[0]) #coeff)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The variable is private to a function if created inside a custom function:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(let #freq 250) // global #freq variable
(define osc (
(let #freq (* $1 $2)) // local #freq variable
sin (* (twopi) (~ #freq))
)
)
* (+ (osc 1 #freq) (osc 2 #freq)) 0.2
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>State variables can be used to do 1 sample feedback if used before created.
Undefined variables are initialized to 0:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(define oscloop (
(let #xsin
(sin (+ (* (~ $1) (twopi)) (* #xsin $2))) // #xsin used before...
) // ... "let" statement finished!
#xsin // oscloop function outputs #xsin variable
)
)
* (oscloop 200 0.7) 0.3
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A state variable can also contain a complex number:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(let #v (complex 0.2 0.7)) // #v = (0.2 0.7)
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="user-variables">
<h2>User variables<a class="headerlink" href="#user-variables" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>User variables are created with the keyword <cite>var</cite>:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(var #var (init))
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The variable name must begin with a <cite>#</cite>.</p>
<p>They are computed only at initialization, but can be changed from the python
script with method calls (varname is a string and value is a float):</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>obj.setVar(varname, value)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The following example shows how to control the cutoff fequency of a lowpass
filter with a user variable:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>expression = '''
(var #freq 1000)
(let #coeff (
^ e (/ (* (neg twopi) #freq) 44100)
)
)
+ $x[0] (* (- $y[-1] $x[0]) #coeff)
'''
ex = Expr(Noise(0.5), expression).out()
freq = Sine(0.25).range(250, 10000)
def update():
ex.setVar("#freq", freq.get())
pat = Pattern(update, 0.02).play()
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="library-importation">
<h2>Library importation<a class="headerlink" href="#library-importation" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Custom functions can be defined in an external file and imported with the
<cite>load</cite> function:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(load path/to/the/file)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The content of the file will be inserted where the load function is called
and all functions defined inside the file will then be accessible. The path
can be absolute or relative to the current working directory.</p>
</section>
<section id="complex-numbers">
<h2>Complex numbers<a class="headerlink" href="#complex-numbers" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>A complex number is created with the <cite>complex</cite> function:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(complex x y)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We can retrieve one part of a complex number with <cite>real</cite> and <cite>imag</cite> functions:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>// get the real part (x) of a number
(real (complex x y))
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If a complex number is used somewhere not waiting for a complex, real value
will be used.</p>
<p>If a real number is used somewhere waiting for a complex, the imaginary part
is set to 0.0.</p>
</section>
<section id="examples">
<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Here is some expression examples.</p>
<p>A first-order IIR lowpass filter:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(var #sr 44100)
(var #cutoff 1000)
(let #coeff (exp (/ (* (* -2 (pi)) #cutoff) #sr)))
+ $x[0] (* (- $y[-1] $x[0]) #coeff)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A LFO’ed hyperbolic tangent distortion:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>// $1 = lfo frequency, $2 = lfo depth
(define lfo (
(+ (* (sin (* (twopi) (~ $1))) (- $2 1)) $2)
)
)
tanh (* $x[0] (lfo .25 10))
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A triangle waveform generator (use Sig(0) as input argument to bypass input):</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(var #freq 440)
// $1 = oscillator frequency
(define triangle (
(let #ph (~ $1))
(- (* (min #ph (- 1 #ph)) 4) 1)
)
)
triangle #freq
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="objects">
<h2><strong>Objects</strong><a class="headerlink" href="#objects" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
</section>
<section id="expr">
<h2><em>Expr</em><a class="headerlink" href="#expr" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pyo.Expr">
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Expr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">input</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">outs</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">initout</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0.0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mul</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">add</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/pyo/lib/expression.html#Expr"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#pyo.Expr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Prefix audio expression evaluator.</p>
<p>Expr implements a tiny functional programming language that can be
used to write synthesis or signal processing algorithms.</p>
<p>For documentation about the language, see the module’s documentation.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parent</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference internal" href="_core.html#pyo.PyoObject" title="pyo.PyoObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyoObject</span></code></a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Args</dt>
<dd class="field-even"><dl class="simple">
<dt>input: PyoObject or list of PyoObjects</dt><dd><p>Input signal(s) to process. If given a multi-stream PyoObject
or a list of PyoObjects, each stream ca be retrieved with the
syntax $x0[0], $x1[0], $x2[0], etc. $x[0] is the same as $x0[0].</p>
</dd>
<dt>expr: str, optional</dt><dd><p>Expression to evaluate as a string.</p>
</dd>
<dt>outs: int, optional</dt><dd><p>Number of output signals generated by the object. If 1 (the
default), the last expression in the script is the output signal.
Otherwise, output signals must be created with the <cite>out</cite> function.
Available at initialization time only.</p>
</dd>
<dt>initout: float, optional</dt><dd><p>Value used to initialize the output buffers. Use with caution!
Defaults to 0.0.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/server.html#pyo.Server" title="pyo.lib.server.Server"><span class="n">Server</span></a><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">boot</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">proc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'''</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="s1">(var #boost 1)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="s1">(tanh (* $x[0] #boost))</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="s1">'''</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/players.html#pyo.SfPlayer" title="pyo.lib.players.SfPlayer"><span class="n">sf</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/players.html#pyo.SfPlayer" title="pyo.lib.players.SfPlayer"><span class="n">SfPlayer</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SNDS_PATH</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">"/transparent.aif"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ex</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/expression.html#pyo.Expr" title="pyo.lib.expression.Expr"><span class="n">Expr</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/players.html#pyo.SfPlayer" title="pyo.lib.players.SfPlayer"><span class="n">sf</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">proc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mul</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">lfo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.Sine" title="pyo.lib.generators.Sine"><span class="n">Sine</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">change</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ex</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setVar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"#boost"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lfo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/pattern.html#pyo.Pattern" title="pyo.lib.pattern.Pattern"><span class="n">Pattern</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">change</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.02</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">play</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="autoclasstoc docutils container">
<p class="rubric">Public Data Attributes:</p>
<table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><a class="reference internal" href="#pyo.Expr.expr" title="pyo.Expr.expr"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">expr</span></code></a></p></td>
<td><p>string.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<details><summary>Inherited from <a class="reference internal" href="_core.html#pyo.PyoObject" title="pyo.PyoObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyoObject</span></code></a></summary><table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mul</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>float or PyoObject.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>float or PyoObject.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</details></div>
<div class="autoclasstoc docutils container">
<p class="rubric">Public Methods:</p>
<table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__</span></code>(input[, expr, outs, initout, mul, add])</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setExpr</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Replace the <cite>expr</cite> attribute.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">printNodes</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Print the list of current nodes.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setVar</span></code>(varname, value)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">editor</span></code>([title, wxnoserver])</p></td>
<td><p>Opens the text editor for this object.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<details><summary>Inherited from <a class="reference internal" href="_core.html#pyo.PyoObject" title="pyo.PyoObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyoObject</span></code></a></summary><table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__</span></code>([mul, add])</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__add__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__radd__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iadd__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__sub__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__rsub__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__isub__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__mul__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__rmul__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__imul__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__truediv__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__rtruediv__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__itruediv__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__div__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__rdiv__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__idiv__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__pow__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__rpow__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__mod__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__neg__</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__lt__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Return self<value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__le__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Return self<=value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__eq__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Return self==value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__ne__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Return self!=value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__gt__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Return self>value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__ge__</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Return self>=value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__do_comp__</span></code>(comp, mode[, default])</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isPlaying</span></code>([all])</p></td>
<td><p>Returns True if the object is currently playing, otherwise, returns False.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isOutputting</span></code>([all])</p></td>
<td><p>Returns True if the object is outputting.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get</span></code>([all])</p></td>
<td><p>Return the first sample of the current buffer as a float.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">play</span></code>([dur, delay])</p></td>
<td><p>Start processing without sending samples to output.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">out</span></code>([chnl, inc, dur, delay])</p></td>
<td><p>Start processing and send samples to audio output beginning at <cite>chnl</cite>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stop</span></code>([wait])</p></td>
<td><p>Stop processing.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mix</span></code>([voices])</p></td>
<td><p>Mix the object's audio streams into <cite>voices</cite> streams and return a Mix object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range</span></code>(min, max)</p></td>
<td><p>Adjust <cite>mul</cite> and <cite>add</cite> attributes according to a given range.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setMul</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Replace the <cite>mul</cite> attribute.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setAdd</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Replace the <cite>add</cite> attribute.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setSub</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Replace and inverse the <cite>add</cite> attribute.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setDiv</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Replace and inverse the <cite>mul</cite> attribute.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span></code>(attr, value[, port, callback])</p></td>
<td><p>Replace any attribute with portamento.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctrl</span></code>([map_list, title, wxnoserver])</p></td>
<td><p>Opens a sliders window to control the parameters of the object.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</details><details><summary>Inherited from <a class="reference internal" href="_core.html#pyo.PyoObjectBase" title="pyo.PyoObjectBase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyoObjectBase</span></code></a></summary><table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dump</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Print infos about the current state of the object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getBaseObjects</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Return a list of Stream objects managed by the instance.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getServer</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Return a reference to the current Server object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getSamplingRate</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Return the current sampling rate (samples per second), as a float.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getBufferSize</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Return the current buffer size (samples per buffer), as an integer.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">allowAutoStart</span></code>([switch])</p></td>
<td><p>When autoStartChildren is activated in the Server, call this method with False as argument to stop the propagation of play/out/stop methods to and from this object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">useWaitTimeOnStop</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>When autoStartChildren is activated in the Server, call this method to force an object given to the <cite>mul</cite> attribute of another object to use the wait time from the stop method instead of being stopped immediately.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">addLinkedObject</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>When autoStartChildren is activated in the Server, use this method to explicitly add an object in a dsp chain, which is generally controlled by the last object of the chain.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setStopDelay</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Set a specific waiting time when calling the stop method on this object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getStopDelay</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Return the waiting time applied when calling the stop method on this object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__next__</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Alias for __next__ method.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__</span></code>(i)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__setitem__</span></code>(i, x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__repr__</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Return repr(self).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__dir__</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p>Default dir() implementation.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</details></div>
<div class="autoclasstoc docutils container">
<p class="rubric">Private Data Attributes:</p>
<details><summary>Inherited from <a class="reference internal" href="_core.html#pyo.PyoObject" title="pyo.PyoObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyoObject</span></code></a></summary><table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_STREAM_TYPE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</details><details><summary>Inherited from <a class="reference internal" href="_core.html#pyo.PyoObjectBase" title="pyo.PyoObjectBase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyoObjectBase</span></code></a></summary><table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_STREAM_TYPE</span></code></p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</details></div>
<div class="autoclasstoc docutils container">
<p class="rubric">Private Methods:</p>
<table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_get_matching_bracket_pos</span></code>(x, p1)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_replace</span></code>(x, lst)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_change_var_names</span></code>(funcname, funcbody)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_preproc</span></code>(x)</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<details><summary>Inherited from <a class="reference internal" href="_core.html#pyo.PyoObject" title="pyo.PyoObject"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyoObject</span></code></a></summary><table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_init_play</span></code>()</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_reset_from_set</span></code>([attr])</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</details><details><summary>Inherited from <a class="reference internal" href="_core.html#pyo.PyoObjectBase" title="pyo.PyoObjectBase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyoObjectBase</span></code></a></summary><table class="autosummary longtable docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%"/>
<col style="width: 90%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_autoplay</span></code>([dur, delay])</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_autostop</span></code>([wait])</p></td>
<td><p></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</details></div>
<hr class="docutils"/>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pyo.Expr.setExpr">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setExpr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">x</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/pyo/lib/expression.html#Expr.setExpr"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#pyo.Expr.setExpr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Replace the <cite>expr</cite> attribute.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Args</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><dl class="simple">
<dt>x: string</dt><dd><p>New expression to process.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pyo.Expr.printNodes">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">printNodes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/pyo/lib/expression.html#Expr.printNodes"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#pyo.Expr.printNodes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Print the list of current nodes.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pyo.Expr.editor">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">editor</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">title</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'Expr</span> <span class="pre">Editor'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">wxnoserver</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="../../_modules/pyo/lib/expression.html#Expr.editor"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#pyo.Expr.editor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Opens the text editor for this object.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Args</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><dl class="simple">
<dt>title: string, optional</dt><dd><p>Title of the window. If none is provided, the name of the
class is used.</p>
</dd>
<dt>wxnoserver: boolean, optional</dt><dd><p>With wxPython graphical toolkit, if True, tells the
interpreter that there will be no server window.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>If <cite>wxnoserver</cite> is set to True, the interpreter will not wait for
the server GUI before showing the controller window.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py property">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="pyo.Expr.expr">
<em class="property"><span class="pre">property</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">expr</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pyo.Expr.expr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>string. New expression to process.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
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