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<section id="output-range-py-the-mul-and-add-attributes">
<h1>03-output-range.py - The <cite>mul</cite> and <cite>add</cite> attributes.<a class="headerlink" href="#output-range-py-the-mul-and-add-attributes" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>Almost all audio objects have a <cite>mul</cite> and <cite>add</cite> attributes.
These are defined inside the PyoObject, which is the base
class for all objects generating audio signal. The manual
page of the PyoObject explains all behaviours common to
audio objects.</p>
<p>An audio signal outputs samples as floating-point numbers in
the range -1 to 1. The <cite>mul</cite> and <cite>add</cite> attributes can be used
to change the output range. Common uses are for modulating the
amplitude of a sound or for building control signals like low
frequency oscillators.</p>
<p>A shortcut to automatically manipulate both <cite>mul</cite> and <cite>add</cite>
attributes is to call the range(min, max) method of the
PyoObject. This method sets <cite>mul</cite> and <cite>add</cite> attributes
according to the desired <cite>min</cite> and <cite>max</cite> output values. It
assumes that the generated signal is in the range -1 to 1.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/alphabetical.html#module-pyo" title="pyo"><span class="nn">pyo</span></a> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/server.html#pyo.Server" title="pyo.lib.server.Server"><span class="n">Server</span></a><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">boot</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># The `mul` attribute multiplies each sample by its value.</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.Sine" title="pyo.lib.generators.Sine"><span class="n">a</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.Sine" title="pyo.lib.generators.Sine"><span class="n">Sine</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mul</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># The `add` attribute adds an offset to each sample.</span>
<span class="c1"># The multiplication is applied before the addition.</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.Sine" title="pyo.lib.generators.Sine"><span class="n">b</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.Sine" title="pyo.lib.generators.Sine"><span class="n">Sine</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mul</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">add</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Using the range(min, max) method allows to automatically</span>
<span class="c1"># compute both `mul` and `add` attributes.</span>
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.Sine" title="pyo.lib.generators.Sine"><span class="n">Sine</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Displays the waveforms</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/analysis.html#pyo.Scope" title="pyo.lib.analysis.Scope"><span class="n">sc</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/analysis.html#pyo.Scope" title="pyo.lib.analysis.Scope"><span class="n">Scope</span></a><span class="p">([</span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.Sine" title="pyo.lib.generators.Sine"><span class="n">a</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.Sine" title="pyo.lib.generators.Sine"><span class="n">b</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gui</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">locals</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
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