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<section id="envelopes-py-using-break-point-function-to-control-an-fm-synthesis">
<h1>01-envelopes.py - Using break-point function to control an FM synthesis.<a class="headerlink" href="#envelopes-py-using-break-point-function-to-control-an-fm-synthesis" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>This example shows how break-point tables can be used to control synthesis/effect
parameters at audio rate. Pyo offers many objects to generate break-point function:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>LinTable: Construct a table from segments of straight lines.</p></li>
<li><p>CosTable: Construct a table from cosine interpolated segments.</p></li>
<li><p>ExpTable: Construct a table from exponential interpolated segments.</p></li>
<li><p>CurveTable: Construct a table from curve, with tension and bias, interpolated segments.</p></li>
<li><p>LogTable: Construct a table from logarithmic segments.</p></li>
<li><p>CosLogTable: Construct a table from logarithmic-cosine segments.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>These objects implement a <cite>graph()</cite> method (as well as Linseg and Expseg) which show
a graph window with which the user can set the shape of the trajectory.</p>
<p>With the focus on the graph window, the copy menu item (Ctrl+C) saves to the
clipboard the list of points in a format well suited to be paste in the code.
Useful to experiment graphically and then copy/paste the result in the script.</p>
<p>To play more notes, in the Interpreter field of the Server GUI, call the <cite>note(freq, dur)</cite>
function with the desired frequency and duration.</p>
<p>Note: The wxPython Phoenix graphical library must be installed to use the graph. Infos at:</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.wxpython.org/">http://www.wxpython.org/</a></p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/alphabetical.html#module-pyo" title="pyo"><span class="nn">pyo</span></a> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/server.html#pyo.Server" title="pyo.lib.server.Server"><span class="n">Server</span></a><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">boot</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Defines tables for the amplitude, the ratio and the modulation index.</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.CosTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.CosTable"><span class="n">amp_table</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.CosTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.CosTable"><span class="n">CosTable</span></a><span class="p">([(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8192</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.ExpTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.ExpTable"><span class="n">rat_table</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.ExpTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.ExpTable"><span class="n">ExpTable</span></a><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1500</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3500</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5500</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8192</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">),]</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.LinTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.LinTable"><span class="n">ind_table</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.LinTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.LinTable"><span class="n">LinTable</span></a><span class="p">([(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8192</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<span class="c1"># call their graph() method. Use the "yrange" argument to set the minimum</span>
<span class="c1"># and maximum bundaries of the graph (defaults to 0 and 1).</span>
<span class="n">amp_table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Amplitude envelope"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">rat_table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Ratio envelope"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ind_table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">yrange</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Modulation index envelope"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Initialize the table readers (TableRead.play() must be called explicitly).</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">amp</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">TableRead</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="o">=</span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.CosTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.CosTable"><span class="n">amp_table</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mul</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">rat</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">TableRead</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="o">=</span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.ExpTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.ExpTable"><span class="n">rat_table</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">ind</span></a> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">TableRead</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="o">=</span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tables.html#pyo.LinTable" title="pyo.lib.tables.LinTable"><span class="n">ind_table</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Use the signals from the table readers to control an FM synthesis.</span>
<span class="n">fm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/generators.html#pyo.FM" title="pyo.lib.generators.FM"><span class="n">FM</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">carrier</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">ratio</span><span class="o">=</span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">rat</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="o">=</span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">ind</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mul</span><span class="o">=</span><a class="sphinx-codeautolink-a" href="../../api/classes/tableprocess.html#pyo.TableRead" title="pyo.lib.tableprocess.TableRead"><span class="n">amp</span></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Call the "note" function to generate an event.</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">note</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">freq</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dur</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">fm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">carrier</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">freq</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">freq</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">1.005</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">amp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">freq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">dur</span>
<span class="n">rat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">freq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">dur</span>
<span class="n">ind</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">freq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">dur</span>
<span class="n">amp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">play</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">rat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">play</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">ind</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">play</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Play one note, carrier = 100 Hz, duration = 2 seconds.</span>
<span class="n">note</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gui</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">locals</span><span class="p">())</span>
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