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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<html><head><title>QObject Class Reference</title><style>h3.fn,span.fn { margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm }
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</style></head><body><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr /><td align="left" valign="top" width="32"><img align="left" border="0" height="32" src="images/rb-logo.png" width="32" /></td><td width="1">  </td><td class="postheader" valign="center"><a href="../pyqt4ref.html"><font color="#004faf">Home</font></a> · <a href="classes.html"><font color="#004faf">All Classes</font></a> · <a href="modules.html"><font color="#004faf">Modules</font></a></td></table><h1 align="center">QObject Class Reference<br /><sup><sup>[<a href="qtcore.html">QtCore</a> module]</sup></sup></h1><p>The QObject class is the base class of all Qt objects. <a href="#details">More...</a></p>
<p>Inherited by <a href="qabstracteventdispatcher.html">QAbstractEventDispatcher</a>, <a href="qabstractitemdelegate.html">QAbstractItemDelegate</a>, <a href="qabstractitemmodel.html">QAbstractItemModel</a>, <a href="qabstracttextdocumentlayout.html">QAbstractTextDocumentLayout</a>, <a href="qaction.html">QAction</a>, <a href="qactiongroup.html">QActionGroup</a>, <a href="qassistantclient.html">QAssistantClient</a>, <a href="qbuttongroup.html">QButtonGroup</a>, <a href="qclipboard.html">QClipboard</a>, <a href="qcoreapplication.html">QCoreApplication</a>, <a href="qdrag.html">QDrag</a>, <a href="qeventloop.html">QEventLoop</a>, <a href="qftp.html">QFtp</a>, <a href="qhttp.html">QHttp</a>, <a href="qinputcontext.html">QInputContext</a>, <a href="qiodevice.html">QIODevice</a>, <a href="qitemselectionmodel.html">QItemSelectionModel</a>, <a href="qlayout.html">QLayout</a>, <a href="qlibrary.html">QLibrary</a>, <a href="qmimedata.html">QMimeData</a>, <a href="qmovie.html">QMovie</a>, <a href="qobjectcleanuphandler.html">QObjectCleanupHandler</a>, <a href="qpluginloader.html">QPluginLoader</a>, <a href="qsessionmanager.html">QSessionManager</a>, <a href="qsettings.html">QSettings</a>, <a href="qshortcut.html">QShortcut</a>, <a href="qsignalmapper.html">QSignalMapper</a>, <a href="qsocketnotifier.html">QSocketNotifier</a>, <a href="qsound.html">QSound</a>, <a href="qsqldriver.html">QSqlDriver</a>, <a href="qstyle.html">QStyle</a>, <a href="qsvgrenderer.html">QSvgRenderer</a>, <a href="qsyntaxhighlighter.html">QSyntaxHighlighter</a>, <a href="qtcpserver.html">QTcpServer</a>, <a href="qtextdocument.html">QTextDocument</a>, <a href="qtextobject.html">QTextObject</a>, <a href="qthread.html">QThread</a>, <a href="qtimer.html">QTimer</a>, <a href="qtranslator.html">QTranslator</a>, <a href="qvalidator.html">QValidator</a> and <a href="qwidget.html">QWidget</a>.</p><h3>Methods</h3><ul><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#QObject">__init__</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QObject <i>parent</i> = None)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#blockSignals">blockSignals</a></b> (<i>self</i>, bool <i>b</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#childEvent">childEvent</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QChildEvent)</li><li><div class="fn" />QObject-list <b><a href="qobject.html#children">children</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#connect-3">connect</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QObject, SIGNAL(), SLOT(), Qt.ConnectionType = Qt.AutoConnection)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#connectNotify">connectNotify</a></b> (<i>self</i>, SIGNAL() <i>signal</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#customEvent">customEvent</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QEvent)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#deleteLater">deleteLater</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#disconnectNotify">disconnectNotify</a></b> (<i>self</i>, SIGNAL() <i>signal</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#dumpObjectInfo">dumpObjectInfo</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#dumpObjectTree">dumpObjectTree</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#emit">emit</a></b> (<i>self</i>, SIGNAL(), ...)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#event">event</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QEvent)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#eventFilter">eventFilter</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QObject, QEvent)</li><li><div class="fn" />object <b><a href="qobject.html#findChild">findChild</a></b> (<i>self</i>, type <i>type</i>, QString <i>name</i> = QString())</li><li><div class="fn" />list <b><a href="qobject.html#findChildren">findChildren</a></b> (<i>self</i>, type <i>type</i>, QString <i>name</i> = QString())</li><li><div class="fn" />list <b><a href="qobject.html#findChildren-2">findChildren</a></b> (<i>self</i>, type <i>type</i>, QRegExp <i>regExp</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#inherits">inherits</a></b> (<i>self</i>, str <i>classname</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#installEventFilter">installEventFilter</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QObject)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#isWidgetType">isWidgetType</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#killTimer">killTimer</a></b> (<i>self</i>, int <i>id</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />QMetaObject <b><a href="qobject.html#metaObject">metaObject</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#moveToThread">moveToThread</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QThread <i>thread</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />QString <b><a href="qobject.html#objectName">objectName</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />QObject <b><a href="qobject.html#parent">parent</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />QVariant <b><a href="qobject.html#property">property</a></b> (<i>self</i>, str <i>name</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />int <b><a href="qobject.html#receivers">receivers</a></b> (<i>self</i>, SIGNAL() <i>signal</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#removeEventFilter">removeEventFilter</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QObject)</li><li><div class="fn" />QObject <b><a href="qobject.html#sender">sender</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#setObjectName">setObjectName</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QString <i>name</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#setParent">setParent</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QObject)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#setProperty">setProperty</a></b> (<i>self</i>, str <i>name</i>, QVariant <i>value</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#signalsBlocked">signalsBlocked</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />int <b><a href="qobject.html#startTimer">startTimer</a></b> (<i>self</i>, int <i>interval</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" />QThread <b><a href="qobject.html#thread">thread</a></b> (<i>self</i>)</li><li><div class="fn" /><b><a href="qobject.html#timerEvent">timerEvent</a></b> (<i>self</i>, QTimerEvent)</li><li><div class="fn" />QString <b><a href="qobject.html#tr">tr</a></b> (<i>self</i>, str, str = None)</li><li><div class="fn" />QString <b><a href="qobject.html#trUtf8">trUtf8</a></b> (<i>self</i>, str, str = None)</li></ul><h3>Static Methods</h3><ul><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#connect">connect</a></b> (QObject, SIGNAL(), QObject, SLOT(), Qt.ConnectionType = Qt.AutoConnection)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#connect-2">connect</a></b> (QObject, SIGNAL(), callable, Qt.ConnectionType = Qt.AutoConnection)</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#disconnect">disconnect</a></b> (QObject, SIGNAL(), QObject, SLOT())</li><li><div class="fn" />bool <b><a href="qobject.html#disconnect-2">disconnect</a></b> (QObject, SIGNAL(), callable)</li></ul><h3>Qt Signals</h3><ul><li><div class="fn" />void <b><a href="qobject.html#destroyed">destroyed</a></b> (QObject * = 0)</li></ul><a name="details" /><hr /><h2>Detailed Description</h2><p>The QObject class is the base class of all Qt objects.</p>
<p>QObject is the heart of the <a href="object.html">Qt object model</a>. The central feature in this model is a very powerful mechanism for seamless object communication called <a href="signalsandslots.html">signals and slots</a>. You can connect a signal to a slot with <a href="qobject.html#connect">connect</a>() and destroy the connection with <a href="qobject.html#disconnect">disconnect</a>(). To avoid never ending notification loops you can temporarily block signals with <a href="qobject.html#blockSignals">blockSignals</a>(). The protected functions <a href="qobject.html#connectNotify">connectNotify</a>() and <a href="qobject.html#disconnectNotify">disconnectNotify</a>() make it possible to track connections.</p>
<p>QObjects organize themselves in object trees. When you create a QObject with another object as parent, the object will automatically add itself to the parent's <a href="qobject.html#children">children</a>() list. The parent takes ownership of the object i.e. it will automatically delete its children in its destructor. You can look for an object by name and optionally type using <a href="qobject.html#findChild">findChild</a>() or <a href="qobject.html#findChildren">findChildren</a>().</p>
<p>Every object has an <a href="qobject.html#objectName-prop">objectName</a>() and its class name can be found via the corresponding <a href="qobject.html#metaObject">metaObject</a>() (see <a href="qmetaobject.html#className">QMetaObject.className</a>()). You can determine whether the object's class inherits another class in the QObject inheritance hierarchy by using the <a href="qobject.html#inherits">inherits</a>() function.</p>
<p>When an object is deleted, it emits a <a href="qobject.html#destroyed">destroyed</a>() signal. You can catch this signal to avoid dangling references to QObjects. The <a href="qpointer.html">QPointer</a> class provides an elegant way to use this feature.</p>
<p>QObjects can receive events through <a href="qobject.html#event">event</a>() and filter the events of other objects. See <a href="qobject.html#installEventFilter">installEventFilter</a>() and <a href="qobject.html#eventFilter">eventFilter</a>() for details. A convenience handler, <a href="qobject.html#childEvent">childEvent</a>(), can be reimplemented to catch child events.</p>
<p>Events are delivered in the thread in which the object was created; see <a href="threads.html">Thread Support in Qt</a> and <a href="qobject.html#thread">thread</a>() for details. Note that for QObjects that are created before <a href="qapplication.html">QApplication</a>, <a href="qobject.html#thread">thread</a>() returns zero. This means that the main thread will only handle posted events for these objects; other event processing is not done at all for objects with no thread. Use the <a href="qobject.html#moveToThread">moveToThread</a>() function to change the thread affinity for an object and its children (the object cannot be moved if it has a parent).</p>
<p>Last but not least, QObject provides the basic timer support in Qt; see <a href="qtimer.html">QTimer</a> for high-level support for timers.</p>
<p>Notice that the <a href="qobject.html#Q_OBJECT">Q_OBJECT</a> macro is mandatory for any object that implements signals, slots or properties. You also need to run the <a href="moc.html#moc">Meta Object Compiler</a> on the source file. We strongly recommend the use of this macro in all subclasses of QObject regardless of whether or not they actually use signals, slots and properties, since failure to do so may lead certain functions to exhibit strange behavior.</p>
<p>All Qt widgets inherit QObject. The convenience function <a href="qobject.html#isWidgetType">isWidgetType</a>() returns whether an object is actually a widget. It is much faster than <a href="qobject.html#qobject_cast">qobject_cast</a><<a href="qwidget.html">QWidget</a>>(<i>obj</i>) or <i>obj</i>-><a href="qobject.html#inherits">inherits</a>("<a href="qwidget.html">QWidget</a>").</p>
<p>Some QObject functions, e.g. <a href="qobject.html#children">children</a>(), return a <a href="qobject.html#QObjectList-typedef">QObjectList</a>. <a href="qobject.html#QObjectList-typedef">QObjectList</a> is a typedef for <a href="qlist.html">QList</a><QObject *>.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qmetaobject.html">QMetaObject</a>, <a href="qpointer.html">QPointer</a>, <a href="qobjectcleanuphandler.html">QObjectCleanupHandler</a>, and <a href="objecttrees.html">Object Trees and Object Ownership</a>.</p>
<hr /><h2>Method Documentation</h2><h3 class="fn"><a name="QObject" />QObject.__init__ (<i>self</i>, <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a> <i>parent</i> = None)</h3><p>The <i>parent</i> argument, if not None, causes <i>self</i> to be owned by Qt instead of PyQt.</p><p>Constructs an object with parent object <i>parent</i>.</p>
<p>The parent of an object may be viewed as the object's owner. For instance, a <a href="qdialog.html">dialog box</a> is the parent of the <b>OK</b> and <b>Cancel</b> buttons it contains.</p>
<p>The destructor of a parent object destroys all child objects.</p>
<p>Setting <i>parent</i> to 0 constructs an object with no parent. If the object is a widget, it will become a top-level window.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#parent">parent</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#findChild">findChild</a>(), and <a href="qobject.html#findChildren">findChildren</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="blockSignals" />bool QObject.blockSignals (<i>self</i>, bool <i>b</i>)</h3><p>Blocks signals if <i>block</i> is true, or unblocks signals if <i>block</i> is false.</p>
<p>Emitted signals disappear into hyperspace if signals are blocked. Note that the <a href="qobject.html#destroyed">destroyed</a>() signals will be emitted even if the signals for this object have been blocked.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#signalsBlocked">signalsBlocked</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="childEvent" />QObject.childEvent (<i>self</i>, <a href="qchildevent.html">QChildEvent</a>)</h3><p>This event handler can be reimplemented in a subclass to receive child events. The event is passed in the <i>event</i> parameter.</p>
<p><a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">QEvent.ChildAdded</a> and <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">QEvent.ChildRemoved</a> events are sent to objects when children are added or removed. In both cases you can only rely on the child being a <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, or if <a href="qobject.html#isWidgetType">isWidgetType</a>() returns true, a <a href="qwidget.html">QWidget</a>. (This is because, in the <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">ChildAdded</a> case, the child is not yet fully constructed, and in the <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">ChildRemoved</a> case it might have been destructed already).</p>
<p><a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">QEvent.ChildPolished</a> events are sent to widgets when children are polished, or when polished children are added. If you receive a child polished event, the child's construction is usually completed.</p>
<p>For every child widget, you receive one <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">ChildAdded</a> event, zero or more <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">ChildPolished</a> events, and one <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">ChildRemoved</a> event.</p>
<p>The <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">ChildPolished</a> event is omitted if a child is removed immediately after it is added. If a child is polished several times during construction and destruction, you may receive several child polished events for the same child, each time with a different virtual table.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#event">event</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="children" />QObject-list QObject.children (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Returns a list of child objects. The <a href="qobject.html#QObjectList-typedef">QObjectList</a> class is defined in the <tt><QObject></tt> header file as the following:</p>
<pre>
typedef QList<QObject*> QObjectList;
</pre>
<p>The first child added is the <a href="qlist.html#first">first</a> object in the list and the last child added is the <a href="qlist.html#last">last</a> object in the list, i.e. new children are appended at the end.</p>
<p>Note that the list order changes when <a href="qwidget.html">QWidget</a> children are <a href="qwidget.html#raise">raised</a> or <a href="qwidget.html#lower">lowered</a>. A widget that is raised becomes the last object in the list, and a widget that is lowered becomes the first object in the list.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#findChild">findChild</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#findChildren">findChildren</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#parent">parent</a>(), and <a href="qobject.html#setParent">setParent</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="connect" />bool QObject.connect (<a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, SIGNAL(), <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, SLOT(), <a href="qt.html#ConnectionType-enum">Qt.ConnectionType</a> = Qt.AutoConnection)</h3><p>Creates a connection of the given <i>type</i> from the <i>signal</i> in the <i>sender</i> object to the <i>method</i> in the <i>receiver</i> object. Returns true if the connection succeeds; otherwise returns false.</p>
<p>You must use the <tt>SIGNAL()</tt> and <tt>SLOT()</tt> macros when specifying the <i>signal</i> and the <i>method</i>, for example:</p>
<pre>
QLabel *label = new QLabel;
QScrollBar *scrollBar = new QScrollBar;
QObject.connect(scrollBar, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)),
label, SLOT(setNum(int)));
</pre>
<p>This example ensures that the label always displays the current scroll bar value. Note that the signal and slots parameters must not contain any variable names, only the type. E.g. the following would not work and return false:</p>
<pre>
// WRONG
QObject.connect(scrollBar, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int value)),
label, SLOT(setNum(int value)));
</pre>
<p>A signal can also be connected to another signal:</p>
<pre>
class MyWidget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MyWidget();
signals:
void buttonClicked();
private:
QPushButton *myButton;
};
MyWidget.MyWidget()
{
myButton = new QPushButton(this);
connect(myButton, SIGNAL(clicked()),
this, SIGNAL(buttonClicked()));
}
</pre>
<p>In this example, the <tt>MyWidget</tt> constructor relays a signal from a private member variable, and makes it available under a name that relates to <tt>MyWidget</tt>.</p>
<p>A signal can be connected to many slots and signals. Many signals can be connected to one slot.</p>
<p>If a signal is connected to several slots, the slots are activated in an arbitrary order when the signal is emitted.</p>
<p>The function returns true if it successfully connects the signal to the slot. It will return false if it cannot create the connection, for example, if <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a> is unable to verify the existence of either <i>signal</i> or <i>method</i>, or if their signatures aren't compatible.</p>
<p>A signal is emitted for every connection you make, so if you duplicate a connection, two signals will be emitted. You can always break a connection using <a href="qobject.html#disconnect">disconnect</a>().</p>
<p>The optional <i>type</i> parameter describes the type of connection to establish. In particular, it determines whether a particular signal is delivered to a slot immediately or queued for delivery at a later time. If the signal is queued, the parameters must be of types that are known to Qt's meta-object system, because Qt needs to copy the arguments to store them in an event behind the scenes. If you try to use a queued connection and get the error message</p>
<pre>
QObject.connect: Cannot queue arguments of type 'MyType'
</pre>
<p>call <a href="qmetatype.html#qRegisterMetaType">qRegisterMetaType</a>() to register the data type before you establish the connection.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> This function is <a href="threads.html#thread-safe">thread-safe</a>.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#disconnect">disconnect</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#sender">sender</a>(), and <a href="qmetatype.html#qRegisterMetaType">qRegisterMetaType</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="connect-2" />bool QObject.connect (<a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, SIGNAL(), callable, <a href="qt.html#ConnectionType-enum">Qt.ConnectionType</a> = Qt.AutoConnection)</h3><p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.</p>
<p>Connects <i>signal</i> from the <i>sender</i> object to this object's <i>method</i>.</p>
<p>Equivalent to connect(<i>sender</i>, <i>signal</i>, <tt>this</tt>, <i>method</i>, <i>type</i>).</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> This function is <a href="threads.html#thread-safe">thread-safe</a>.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#disconnect">disconnect</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="connect-3" />bool QObject.connect (<i>self</i>, <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, SIGNAL(), SLOT(), <a href="qt.html#ConnectionType-enum">Qt.ConnectionType</a> = Qt.AutoConnection)</h3><h3 class="fn"><a name="connectNotify" />QObject.connectNotify (<i>self</i>, SIGNAL() <i>signal</i>)</h3><p>This virtual function is called when something has been connected to <i>signal</i> in this object.</p>
<p>If you want to compare <i>signal</i> with a specific signal, use <a href="qlatin1string.html">QLatin1String</a> and the <tt>SIGNAL()</tt> macro as follows:</p>
<pre>
if (QLatin1String(signal) == SIGNAL(valueChanged(int))) {
// signal is valueChanged(int)
}
</pre>
<p>If the signal contains multiple parameters or parameters that contain spaces, call <a href="qmetaobject.html#normalizedSignature">QMetaObject.normalizedSignature</a>() on the result of the <tt>SIGNAL()</tt> macro.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function violates the object-oriented principle of modularity. However, it might be useful when you need to perform expensive initialization only if something is connected to a signal.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#connect">connect</a>() and <a href="qobject.html#disconnectNotify">disconnectNotify</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="customEvent" />QObject.customEvent (<i>self</i>, <a href="qevent.html">QEvent</a>)</h3><p>This event handler can be reimplemented in a subclass to receive custom events. Custom events are user-defined events with a type value at least as large as the <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">QEvent.User</a> item of the <a href="qevent.html#Type-enum">QEvent.Type</a> enum, and is typically a <a href="qevent.html">QEvent</a> subclass. The event is passed in the <i>event</i> parameter.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#event">event</a>() and <a href="qevent.html">QEvent</a>.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="deleteLater" />QObject.deleteLater (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>This method is also a Qt slot with the C++ signature <tt>void deleteLater()</tt>.</p><p>Schedules this object for deletion.</p>
<p>The object will be deleted when control returns to the event loop.</p>
<p>Note that entering and leaving a new event loop (e.g., by opening a modal dialog) will <i>not</i> perform the deferred deletion; for the object to be deleted, the control must return to the event loop from which deleteLater() was called.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#destroyed">destroyed</a>() and <a href="qpointer.html">QPointer</a>.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="disconnect" />bool QObject.disconnect (<a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, SIGNAL(), <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, SLOT())</h3><p>Disconnects <i>signal</i> in object <i>sender</i> from <i>method</i> in object <i>receiver</i>.</p>
<p>A signal-slot connection is removed when either of the objects involved are destroyed.</p>
<p>disconnect() is typically used in three ways, as the following examples demonstrate.</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Disconnect everything connected to an object's signals:
<pre>
disconnect(myObject, 0, 0, 0);
</pre>
<p>equivalent to the non-static overloaded function</p>
<pre>
myObject->disconnect();
</pre></li>
<li>Disconnect everything connected to a specific signal:
<pre>
disconnect(myObject, SIGNAL(mySignal()), 0, 0);
</pre>
<p>equivalent to the non-static overloaded function</p>
<pre>
myObject->disconnect(SIGNAL(mySignal()));
</pre></li>
<li>Disconnect a specific receiver:
<pre>
disconnect(myObject, 0, myReceiver, 0);
</pre>
<p>equivalent to the non-static overloaded function</p>
<pre>
myObject->disconnect(myReceiver);
</pre></li>
</ol>
<p>0 may be used as a wildcard, meaning "any signal", "any receiving object", or "any slot in the receiving object", respectively.</p>
<p>The <i>sender</i> may never be 0. (You cannot disconnect signals from more than one object in a single call.)</p>
<p>If <i>signal</i> is 0, it disconnects <i>receiver</i> and <i>method</i> from any signal. If not, only the specified signal is disconnected.</p>
<p>If <i>receiver</i> is 0, it disconnects anything connected to <i>signal</i>. If not, slots in objects other than <i>receiver</i> are not disconnected.</p>
<p>If <i>method</i> is 0, it disconnects anything that is connected to <i>receiver</i>. If not, only slots named <i>method</i> will be disconnected, and all other slots are left alone. The <i>method</i> must be 0 if <i>receiver</i> is left out, so you cannot disconnect a specifically-named slot on all objects.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> This function is <a href="threads.html#thread-safe">thread-safe</a>.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#connect">connect</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="disconnect-2" />bool QObject.disconnect (<a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, SIGNAL(), callable)</h3><p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.</p>
<p>Disconnects <i>signal</i> from <i>method</i> of <i>receiver</i>.</p>
<p>A signal-slot connection is removed when either of the objects involved are destroyed.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> This function is <a href="threads.html#thread-safe">thread-safe</a>.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="disconnectNotify" />QObject.disconnectNotify (<i>self</i>, SIGNAL() <i>signal</i>)</h3><p>This virtual function is called when something has been disconnected from <i>signal</i> in this object.</p>
<p>See <a href="qobject.html#connectNotify">connectNotify</a>() for an example of how to compare <i>signal</i> with a specific signal.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function violates the object-oriented principle of modularity. However, it might be useful for optimizing access to expensive resources.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#disconnect">disconnect</a>() and <a href="qobject.html#connectNotify">connectNotify</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="dumpObjectInfo" />QObject.dumpObjectInfo (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Dumps information about signal connections, etc. for this object to the debug output.</p>
<p>This function is useful for debugging, but does nothing if the library has been compiled in release mode (i.e. without debugging information).</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#dumpObjectTree">dumpObjectTree</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="dumpObjectTree" />QObject.dumpObjectTree (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Dumps a tree of children to the debug output.</p>
<p>This function is useful for debugging, but does nothing if the library has been compiled in release mode (i.e. without debugging information).</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#dumpObjectInfo">dumpObjectInfo</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="emit" />QObject.emit (<i>self</i>, SIGNAL(), ...)</h3><h3 class="fn"><a name="event" />bool QObject.event (<i>self</i>, <a href="qevent.html">QEvent</a>)</h3><p>This virtual function receives events to an object and should return true if the event <i>e</i> was recognized and processed.</p>
<p>The event() function can be reimplemented to customize the behavior of an object.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#installEventFilter">installEventFilter</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#timerEvent">timerEvent</a>(), <a href="qcoreapplication.html#sendEvent">QApplication.sendEvent</a>(), <a href="qcoreapplication.html#postEvent">QApplication.postEvent</a>(), and <a href="qwidget.html#event">QWidget.event</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="eventFilter" />bool QObject.eventFilter (<i>self</i>, <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, <a href="qevent.html">QEvent</a>)</h3><p>Filters events if this object has been installed as an event filter for the <i>watched</i> object.</p>
<p>In your reimplementation of this function, if you want to filter the <i>event</i> out, i.e. stop it being handled further, return true; otherwise return false.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
public:
MainWindow();
protected:
bool eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *ev);
private:
QTextEdit *textEdit;
};
MainWindow.MainWindow()
{
textEdit = new QTextEdit;
setCentralWidget(textEdit);
textEdit->installEventFilter(this);
}
bool MainWindow.eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event)
{
if (obj == textEdit) {
if (event->type() == QEvent.KeyPress) {
QKeyEvent *keyEvent = static_cast<QKeyEvent*>(event);
qDebug() << "Ate key press" << keyEvent->key();
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
} else {
// pass the event on to the parent class
return QMainWindow.eventFilter(obj, event);
}
}
</pre>
<p>Notice in the example above that unhandled events are passed to the base class's eventFilter() function, since the base class might have reimplemented eventFilter() for its own internal purposes.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> If you delete the receiver object in this function, be sure to return true. Otherwise, Qt will forward the event to the deleted object and the program might crash.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#installEventFilter">installEventFilter</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="findChild" />object QObject.findChild (<i>self</i>, type <i>type</i>, <a href="qstring.html">QString</a> <i>name</i> = QString())</h3><p>Returns the child of this object that can be casted into type T and that is called <i>name</i>, or 0 if there is no such object. An empty string matches all object names. The search is performed recursively.</p>
<p>If there is more than one child matching the search, the most direct ancestor is returned. If there are several direct ancestors, it is undefined which one will be returned. In that case, <a href="qobject.html#findChildren">findChildren</a>() should be used.</p>
<p>This example returns a child <a href="qpushbutton.html">QPushButton</a> of <tt>parentWidget</tt> named <tt>"button1"</tt>:</p>
<pre>
QPushButton *button = parentWidget->findChild<QPushButton *>("button1");
</pre>
<p>This example returns a <a href="qlistwidget.html">QListWidget</a> child of <tt>parentWidget</tt>:</p>
<pre>
QListWidget *list = parentWidget->findChild<QListWidget *>();
</pre>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function is not available with MSVC 6. Use qFindChild() instead if you need to support that version of the compiler.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#findChildren">findChildren</a>() and qFindChild().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="findChildren" />list QObject.findChildren (<i>self</i>, type <i>type</i>, <a href="qstring.html">QString</a> <i>name</i> = QString())</h3><p>Returns all children of this object with the given <i>name</i> that can be cast to type T, or an empty list if there are no such objects. An empty string matches all object names. The search is performed recursively.</p>
<p>The following example shows how to find a list of child <a href="qwidget.html">QWidget</a>s of the specified <tt>parentWidget</tt> named <tt>widgetname</tt>:</p>
<pre>
QList<QWidget *> widgets = parentWidget.findChildren<QWidget *>("widgetname");
</pre>
<p>This example returns all <tt>QPushButton</tt>s that are children of <tt>parentWidget</tt>:</p>
<pre>
QList<QPushButton *> allPButtons = parentWidget.findChildren<QPushButton *>();
</pre>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function is not available with MSVC 6. Use qFindChildren() instead if you need to support that version of the compiler.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#findChild">findChild</a>() and qFindChildren().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="findChildren-2" />list QObject.findChildren (<i>self</i>, type <i>type</i>, <a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a> <i>regExp</i>)</h3><p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.</p>
<p>Returns the children of this object that can be casted to type T and that have names matching the regular expression <i>regExp</i>, or an empty list if there are no such objects. The search is performed recursively.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function is not available with MSVC 6. Use qFindChildren() instead if you need to support that version of the compiler.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="inherits" />bool QObject.inherits (<i>self</i>, str <i>classname</i>)</h3><p>Returns true if this object is an instance of a class that inherits <i>className</i> or a <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a> subclass that inherits <i>className</i>; otherwise returns false.</p>
<p>A class is considered to inherit itself.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre>
QTimer *timer = new QTimer; // QTimer inherits QObject
timer->inherits("QTimer"); // returns true
timer->inherits("QObject"); // returns true
timer->inherits("QAbstractButton"); // returns false
// QLayout inherits QObject and QLayoutItem
QLayout *layout = new QLayout;
layout->inherits("QObject"); // returns true
layout->inherits("QLayoutItem"); // returns false
</pre>
<p>(<a href="qlayoutitem.html">QLayoutItem</a> is not a <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>.)</p>
<p>Consider using qobject_cast<Type *>(object) instead. The method is both faster and safer.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#metaObject">metaObject</a>() and <a href="qobject.html#qobject_cast">qobject_cast</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="installEventFilter" />QObject.installEventFilter (<i>self</i>, <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>)</h3><p>Installs an event filter <i>filterObj</i> on this object. For example:</p>
<pre>
monitoredObj->installEventFilter(filterObj);
</pre>
<p>An event filter is an object that receives all events that are sent to this object. The filter can either stop the event or forward it to this object. The event filter <i>filterObj</i> receives events via its <a href="qobject.html#eventFilter">eventFilter</a>() function. The <a href="qobject.html#eventFilter">eventFilter</a>() function must return true if the event should be filtered, (i.e. stopped); otherwise it must return false.</p>
<p>If multiple event filters are installed on a single object, the filter that was installed last is activated first.</p>
<p>Here's a <tt>KeyPressEater</tt> class that eats the key presses of its monitored objects:</p>
<pre>
class KeyPressEater : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
...
protected:
bool eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event);
};
bool KeyPressEater.eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event)
{
if (event->type() == QEvent.KeyPress) {
QKeyEvent *keyEvent = static_cast<QKeyEvent *>(event);
qDebug("Ate key press %d", keyEvent->key());
return true;
} else {
// standard event processing
return QObject.eventFilter(obj, event);
}
}
</pre>
<p>And here's how to install it on two widgets:</p>
<pre>
KeyPressEater *keyPressEater = new KeyPressEater(this);
QPushButton *pushButton = new QPushButton(this);
QListView *listView = new QListView(this);
pushButton->installEventFilter(keyPressEater);
listView->installEventFilter(keyPressEater);
</pre>
<p>The <a href="qshortcut.html">QShortcut</a> class, for example, uses this technique to intercept shortcut key presses.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> If you delete the receiver object in your <a href="qobject.html#eventFilter">eventFilter</a>() function, be sure to return true. If you return false, Qt sends the event to the deleted object and the program will crash.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#removeEventFilter">removeEventFilter</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#eventFilter">eventFilter</a>(), and <a href="qobject.html#event">event</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="isWidgetType" />bool QObject.isWidgetType (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Returns true if the object is a widget; otherwise returns false.</p>
<p>Calling this function is equivalent to calling inherits("<a href="qwidget.html">QWidget</a>"), except that it is much faster.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="killTimer" />QObject.killTimer (<i>self</i>, int <i>id</i>)</h3><p>Kills the timer with timer identifier, <i>id</i>.</p>
<p>The timer identifier is returned by <a href="qobject.html#startTimer">startTimer</a>() when a timer event is started.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#timerEvent">timerEvent</a>() and <a href="qobject.html#startTimer">startTimer</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="metaObject" /><a href="qmetaobject.html">QMetaObject</a> QObject.metaObject (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Returns a pointer to the meta object of this object.</p>
<p>A meta object contains information about a class that inherits <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>, e.g. class name, superclass name, properties, signals and slots. Every class that contains the <a href="qobject.html#Q_OBJECT">Q_OBJECT</a> macro will also have a meta object.</p>
<p>The meta object information is required by the signal/slot connection mechanism and the property system. The <a href="qobject.html#inherits">inherits</a>() function also makes use of the meta object.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="moveToThread" />QObject.moveToThread (<i>self</i>, <a href="qthread.html">QThread</a> <i>thread</i>)</h3><p>Changes the thread affinity for this object and its children. The object cannot be moved if it has a parent. Event processing will continue in the <i>targetThread</i>. To move an object to the main thread, pass <a href="qobject.html#thread">QCoreApplication.thread</a>() as the <i>targetThread</i>.</p>
<p>If <i>targetThread</i> is zero, only <a href="qcoreapplication.html#postEvent">posted events</a> are processed by the main thread; all other event processing for this object and its children stops.</p>
<p>Note that all active timers for the object will be reset. The timers are first stopped in the current thread and restarted (with the same interval) in the <i>targetThread</i>. As a result, constantly moving an object between threads can postpone timer events indefinitely.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function is <i>not</i> thread-safe; the current thread must be same as the current thread affinity. In other words, this function can only "push" an object from the current thread to another thread, it cannot "pull" an object from any arbitrary thread to the current thread.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#thread">thread</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="objectName" /><a href="qstring.html">QString</a> QObject.objectName (<i>self</i>)</h3><h3 class="fn"><a name="parent" /><a href="qobject.html">QObject</a> QObject.parent (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Returns a pointer to the parent object.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#setParent">setParent</a>() and <a href="qobject.html#children">children</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="property" /><a href="qvariant.html">QVariant</a> QObject.property (<i>self</i>, str <i>name</i>)</h3><p>Returns the value of the object's <i>name</i> property.</p>
<p>If no such property exists, the returned variant is invalid.</p>
<p>Information about all available properties is provided through the <a href="qobject.html#metaObject">metaObject</a>().</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#setProperty">setProperty</a>(), <a href="qvariant.html#isValid">QVariant.isValid</a>(), and <a href="qobject.html#metaObject">metaObject</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="receivers" />int QObject.receivers (<i>self</i>, SIGNAL() <i>signal</i>)</h3><p>Returns the number of receivers connect to the <i>signal</i>.</p>
<p>When calling this function, you can use the <tt>SIGNAL()</tt> macro to pass a specific signal:</p>
<pre>
if (receivers(SIGNAL(valueChanged(QByteArray))) > 0) {
QByteArray data;
get_the_value(&data); // expensive operation
emit valueChanged(data);
}
</pre>
<p>As the code snippet above illustrates, you can use this function to avoid emitting a signal that nobody listens to.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function violates the object-oriented principle of modularity. However, it might be useful when you need to perform expensive initialization only if something is connected to a signal.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="removeEventFilter" />QObject.removeEventFilter (<i>self</i>, <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>)</h3><p>Removes an event filter object <i>obj</i> from this object. The request is ignored if such an event filter has not been installed.</p>
<p>All event filters for this object are automatically removed when this object is destroyed.</p>
<p>It is always safe to remove an event filter, even during event filter activation (i.e. from the <a href="qobject.html#eventFilter">eventFilter</a>() function).</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#installEventFilter">installEventFilter</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#eventFilter">eventFilter</a>(), and <a href="qobject.html#event">event</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="sender" /><a href="qobject.html">QObject</a> QObject.sender (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Returns a pointer to the object that sent the signal, if called in a slot activated by a signal; otherwise it returns 0. The pointer is valid only during the execution of the slot that calls this function.</p>
<p>The pointer returned by this function becomes invalid if the sender is destroyed, or if the slot is disconnected from the sender's signal.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function violates the object-oriented principle of modularity. However, getting access to the sender might be useful when many signals are connected to a single slot. The sender is undefined if the slot is called as a normal C++ function.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="setObjectName" />QObject.setObjectName (<i>self</i>, <a href="qstring.html">QString</a> <i>name</i>)</h3><h3 class="fn"><a name="setParent" />QObject.setParent (<i>self</i>, <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a>)</h3><p>The <i>QObject</i> argument, if not None, causes <i>self</i> to be owned by Qt instead of PyQt.</p><p>Makes the object a child of <i>parent</i>.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#parent">parent</a>() and <a href="qwidget.html#setParent">QWidget.setParent</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="setProperty" />bool QObject.setProperty (<i>self</i>, str <i>name</i>, <a href="qvariant.html">QVariant</a> <i>value</i>)</h3><p>Sets the value of the object's <i>name</i> property to <i>value</i>.</p>
<p>Returns true if the operation was successful; otherwise returns false.</p>
<p>Information about all available properties is provided through the <a href="qobject.html#metaObject">metaObject</a>().</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#property">property</a>() and <a href="qobject.html#metaObject">metaObject</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="signalsBlocked" />bool QObject.signalsBlocked (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Returns true if signals are blocked; otherwise returns false.</p>
<p>Signals are not blocked by default.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#blockSignals">blockSignals</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="startTimer" />int QObject.startTimer (<i>self</i>, int <i>interval</i>)</h3><p>Starts a timer and returns a timer identifier, or returns zero if it could not start a timer.</p>
<p>A timer event will occur every <i>interval</i> milliseconds until <a href="qobject.html#killTimer">killTimer</a>() is called. If <i>interval</i> is 0, then the timer event occurs once every time there are no more window system events to process.</p>
<p>The virtual <a href="qobject.html#timerEvent">timerEvent</a>() function is called with the <a href="qtimerevent.html">QTimerEvent</a> event parameter class when a timer event occurs. Reimplement this function to get timer events.</p>
<p>If multiple timers are running, the <a href="qtimerevent.html#timerId">QTimerEvent.timerId</a>() can be used to find out which timer was activated.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre>
class MyObject : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MyObject(QObject *parent = 0);
protected:
void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event);
};
MyObject.MyObject(QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent)
{
startTimer(50); // 50-millisecond timer
startTimer(1000); // 1-second timer
startTimer(60000); // 1-minute timer
}
void MyObject.timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)
{
qDebug() << "Timer ID:" << event->timerId();
}
</pre>
<p>Note that <a href="qtimer.html">QTimer</a>'s accuracy depends on the underlying operating system and hardware. Most platforms support an accuracy of 20 milliseconds; some provide more. If Qt is unable to deliver the requested number of timer events, it will silently discard some.</p>
<p>The <a href="qtimer.html">QTimer</a> class provides a high-level programming interface with single-shot timers and timer signals instead of events. There is also a <a href="qbasictimer.html">QBasicTimer</a> class that is more lightweight than <a href="qtimer.html">QTimer</a> and less clumsy than using timer IDs directly.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#timerEvent">timerEvent</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#killTimer">killTimer</a>(), and <a href="qtimer.html#singleShot">QTimer.singleShot</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="thread" /><a href="qthread.html">QThread</a> QObject.thread (<i>self</i>)</h3><p>Returns the thread in which the object lives.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This function returns 0 if the <a href="qobject.html">QObject</a> was created before <a href="qapplication.html">QApplication</a> or <a href="qcoreapplication.html">QCoreApplication</a> was constructed. This behavior might change in future versions of Qt.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#moveToThread">moveToThread</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="timerEvent" />QObject.timerEvent (<i>self</i>, <a href="qtimerevent.html">QTimerEvent</a>)</h3><p>This event handler can be reimplemented in a subclass to receive timer events for the object.</p>
<p><a href="qtimer.html">QTimer</a> provides a higher-level interface to the timer functionality, and also more general information about timers. The timer event is passed in the <i>event</i> parameter.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#startTimer">startTimer</a>(), <a href="qobject.html#killTimer">killTimer</a>(), and <a href="qobject.html#event">event</a>().</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="tr" /><a href="qstring.html">QString</a> QObject.tr (<i>self</i>, str, str = None)</h3><p>Returns a translated version of <i>sourceText</i>, or <i>sourceText</i> itself if there is no appropriate translated version. The translation context is Object with <i>comment</i> (0 by default). All Object subclasses using the <a href="qobject.html#Q_OBJECT">Q_OBJECT</a> macro automatically have a reimplementation of this function with the subclass name as context.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This method is reentrant only if all translators are installed <i>before</i> calling this method. Installing or removing translators while performing translations is not supported. Doing so will probably result in crashes or other undesirable behavior.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#trUtf8">trUtf8</a>(), <a href="qcoreapplication.html#translate">QApplication.translate</a>(), and <a href="i18n.html">Internationalization with Qt</a>.</p>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="trUtf8" /><a href="qstring.html">QString</a> QObject.trUtf8 (<i>self</i>, str, str = None)</h3><p>Returns a translated version of <i>sourceText</i>, or QString.fromUtf8(<i>sourceText</i>) if there is no appropriate version. It is otherwise identical to tr(<i>sourceText</i>, <i>comment</i>).</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> This method is reentrant only if all translators are installed <i>before</i> calling this method. Installing or removing translators while performing translations is not supported. Doing so will probably result in crashes or other undesirable behavior.</p>
<p><b>Warning:</b> For portability reasons, we recommend that you use escape sequences for specifying non-ASCII characters in string literals to trUtf8(). For example:</p>
<pre>
label->setText(tr("F\252r \310lise"));
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#tr">tr</a>(), <a href="qcoreapplication.html#translate">QApplication.translate</a>(), and <a href="i18n.html">Internationalization with Qt</a>.</p>
<hr /><h2>Qt Signal Documentation</h2><h3 class="fn"><a name="destroyed" />void destroyed (QObject * = 0)</h3><p>This signal is emitted immediately before the object <i>obj</i> is destroyed, and can not be blocked.</p>
<p>All the objects's children are destroyed immediately after this signal is emitted.</p>
<p>See also <a href="qobject.html#deleteLater">deleteLater</a>() and <a href="qpointer.html">QPointer</a>.</p>
<address><hr /><div align="center"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr class="address"><td width="25%">PyQt 4.0.1 for X11</td><td align="center" width="50%">Copyright © <a href="http://www.riverbankcomputing.com">Riverbank Computing Ltd</a> and <a href="http://www.trolltech.com">Trolltech AS</a> 2006</td><td align="right" width="25%">Qt 4.1.4</td></tr></table></div></address></body></html>
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