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#
# Copyright 2009 Facebook
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
"""WSGI support for the Tornado web framework.
WSGI is the Python standard for web servers, and allows for interoperability
between Tornado and other Python web frameworks and servers.
This module provides WSGI support via the `WSGIContainer` class, which
makes it possible to run applications using other WSGI frameworks on
the Tornado HTTP server. The reverse is not supported; the Tornado
`.Application` and `.RequestHandler` classes are designed for use with
the Tornado `.HTTPServer` and cannot be used in a generic WSGI
container.
"""
import sys
from io import BytesIO
import tornado
from tornado import escape
from tornado import httputil
from tornado.log import access_log
from typing import List, Tuple, Optional, Callable, Any, Dict, Text
from types import TracebackType
import typing
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing import Type # noqa: F401
from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication as WSGIAppType # noqa: F401
# PEP 3333 specifies that WSGI on python 3 generally deals with byte strings
# that are smuggled inside objects of type unicode (via the latin1 encoding).
# This function is like those in the tornado.escape module, but defined
# here to minimize the temptation to use it in non-wsgi contexts.
def to_wsgi_str(s: bytes) -> str:
assert isinstance(s, bytes)
return s.decode("latin1")
class WSGIContainer(object):
r"""Makes a WSGI-compatible function runnable on Tornado's HTTP server.
.. warning::
WSGI is a *synchronous* interface, while Tornado's concurrency model
is based on single-threaded asynchronous execution. This means that
running a WSGI app with Tornado's `WSGIContainer` is *less scalable*
than running the same app in a multi-threaded WSGI server like
``gunicorn`` or ``uwsgi``. Use `WSGIContainer` only when there are
benefits to combining Tornado and WSGI in the same process that
outweigh the reduced scalability.
Wrap a WSGI function in a `WSGIContainer` and pass it to `.HTTPServer` to
run it. For example::
def simple_app(environ, start_response):
status = "200 OK"
response_headers = [("Content-type", "text/plain")]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return [b"Hello world!\n"]
async def main():
container = tornado.wsgi.WSGIContainer(simple_app)
http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(container)
http_server.listen(8888)
await asyncio.Event().wait()
asyncio.run(main())
This class is intended to let other frameworks (Django, web.py, etc)
run on the Tornado HTTP server and I/O loop.
The `tornado.web.FallbackHandler` class is often useful for mixing
Tornado and WSGI apps in the same server. See
https://github.com/bdarnell/django-tornado-demo for a complete example.
"""
def __init__(self, wsgi_application: "WSGIAppType") -> None:
self.wsgi_application = wsgi_application
def __call__(self, request: httputil.HTTPServerRequest) -> None:
data = {} # type: Dict[str, Any]
response = [] # type: List[bytes]
def start_response(
status: str,
headers: List[Tuple[str, str]],
exc_info: Optional[
Tuple[
"Optional[Type[BaseException]]",
Optional[BaseException],
Optional[TracebackType],
]
] = None,
) -> Callable[[bytes], Any]:
data["status"] = status
data["headers"] = headers
return response.append
app_response = self.wsgi_application(
WSGIContainer.environ(request), start_response
)
try:
response.extend(app_response)
body = b"".join(response)
finally:
if hasattr(app_response, "close"):
app_response.close() # type: ignore
if not data:
raise Exception("WSGI app did not call start_response")
status_code_str, reason = data["status"].split(" ", 1)
status_code = int(status_code_str)
headers = data["headers"] # type: List[Tuple[str, str]]
header_set = set(k.lower() for (k, v) in headers)
body = escape.utf8(body)
if status_code != 304:
if "content-length" not in header_set:
headers.append(("Content-Length", str(len(body))))
if "content-type" not in header_set:
headers.append(("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8"))
if "server" not in header_set:
headers.append(("Server", "TornadoServer/%s" % tornado.version))
start_line = httputil.ResponseStartLine("HTTP/1.1", status_code, reason)
header_obj = httputil.HTTPHeaders()
for key, value in headers:
header_obj.add(key, value)
assert request.connection is not None
request.connection.write_headers(start_line, header_obj, chunk=body)
request.connection.finish()
self._log(status_code, request)
@staticmethod
def environ(request: httputil.HTTPServerRequest) -> Dict[Text, Any]:
"""Converts a `tornado.httputil.HTTPServerRequest` to a WSGI environment."""
hostport = request.host.split(":")
if len(hostport) == 2:
host = hostport[0]
port = int(hostport[1])
else:
host = request.host
port = 443 if request.protocol == "https" else 80
environ = {
"REQUEST_METHOD": request.method,
"SCRIPT_NAME": "",
"PATH_INFO": to_wsgi_str(
escape.url_unescape(request.path, encoding=None, plus=False)
),
"QUERY_STRING": request.query,
"REMOTE_ADDR": request.remote_ip,
"SERVER_NAME": host,
"SERVER_PORT": str(port),
"SERVER_PROTOCOL": request.version,
"wsgi.version": (1, 0),
"wsgi.url_scheme": request.protocol,
"wsgi.input": BytesIO(escape.utf8(request.body)),
"wsgi.errors": sys.stderr,
"wsgi.multithread": False,
"wsgi.multiprocess": True,
"wsgi.run_once": False,
}
if "Content-Type" in request.headers:
environ["CONTENT_TYPE"] = request.headers.pop("Content-Type")
if "Content-Length" in request.headers:
environ["CONTENT_LENGTH"] = request.headers.pop("Content-Length")
for key, value in request.headers.items():
environ["HTTP_" + key.replace("-", "_").upper()] = value
return environ
def _log(self, status_code: int, request: httputil.HTTPServerRequest) -> None:
if status_code < 400:
log_method = access_log.info
elif status_code < 500:
log_method = access_log.warning
else:
log_method = access_log.error
request_time = 1000.0 * request.request_time()
assert request.method is not None
assert request.uri is not None
summary = (
request.method # type: ignore[operator]
+ " "
+ request.uri
+ " ("
+ request.remote_ip
+ ")"
)
log_method("%d %s %.2fms", status_code, summary, request_time)
HTTPRequest = httputil.HTTPServerRequest
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