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<title>The Visual Module of VPython</title>
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<p class="Heading-1" align="center"><font size="+2"><b><font
color="#ff0000"> <font size="+3">The Visual Module of VPython</font></font></b></font></p>
<p class="Normal"> VPython is the Python programming language plus a 3D
graphics module called "Visual" developed by David Scherer. This
document describes all of the Visual capabilities. To invoke the Visual
module, place the following statement at the start of the file:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="program0"> from visual import *</h2>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<div>
<p><a href="VisualIntro.html">Introduction</a>: for those new to Python
and Visual</p>
<p><font color="#0000a0"><b>Basic Display Objects</b></font></p>
<p><font color="#0000a0"><a href="cylinder.html">cylinder</a> <font
color="#000000">Start here: much of what is said here applies to other
objects as well.</font></font></p>
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<td width="427"><a
href="label.html">label</a></td>
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<td width="113"> <a
href="cone.html">cone</a></td>
<td width="427"><a
href="frame.html">frame</a>: combining several objects into one</td>
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<td width="113"> <a
href="pyramid.html">pyramid</a></td>
<td width="427"><a
href="faces.html">faces</a>: low-level object for special purposes</td>
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<td width="113"> <a
href="sphere.html">sphere</a></td>
<td width="427"><a
href="options.html">Additional Attributes: visible, frame, display, class, members</a></td>
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<td width="113"> <a
href="ring.html">ring</a></td>
<td width="427"><a
href="defaults.html">Convenient Defaults</a></td>
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<td width="113"> <a
href="box.html">box</a></td>
<td width="427"><a
href="rotation.html">Rotating an Object</a></td>
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<td width="113"> <a
href="ellipsoid.html">ellipsoid</a></td>
<td width="427"><a
href="color.html">Specifying Colors</a></td>
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<td width="113"> <a
href="curve.html">curve</a></td>
<td width="427"><a
href="delete.html">Deleting an Object</a></td>
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<div align="left"> <a
href="helix.html">helix</a></div>
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<td width="427"><a
href="rate.html">Limiting the Animation Rate</a></td>
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<tr>
<td> <a
href="convex.html">convex</a></td>
<td><a
href="float.html">Floating Division</a>: 3/4 is 0, but 3./4. is 0.75 in Python</td>
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</tbody>
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<p><font color="#0000a0"><b>Vector Computations</b></font></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="vector.html">vector</a>, including mag, mag2, norm,
cross, dot, rotate, diff_angle<br>
</li>
</ul>
<p><font color="#0000a0"><b>Plotting Graphs of Functions or Data</b></font></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="graph.html">Graph Plotting</a>: gcurve, gdots, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><font color="#0000a0"><b>Windows, Mouse, and Keyboard Interactions</b></font></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="display.html">Controlling Windows</a>: display windows,
lighting, and camera position</li>
<li><a href="mouse.html">Mouse Interactions</a></li>
<li><a href="keyboard.html">Keyboard Interactions</a></li>
<li><a class="sectref" href="controls.html">Controls</a>: buttons,
sliders, toggle switches, and pull-down menus</li>
</ul>
<div>
<p><font color="#0000a0"><b>The factorial and combin Functions</b></font></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="factorial.html">factorial & combin</a>: N! and
a!/(b!*(a-b)!)</li>
</ul>
<p class="Normal">VPython documentation was produced by Ruth Chabay,
David Scherer, and Bruce Sherwood.</p>
</div>
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