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:mod:`!builtins` --- Built-in objects
=====================================
.. module:: builtins
:synopsis: The module that provides the built-in namespace.
--------------
This module provides direct access to all 'built-in' identifiers of Python; for
example, ``builtins.open`` is the full name for the built-in function :func:`open`.
This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but can be
useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-in value,
but in which the built-in of that name is also needed. For example, in a module
that wants to implement an :func:`open` function that wraps the built-in
:func:`open`, this module can be used directly::
import builtins
def open(path):
f = builtins.open(path, 'r')
return UpperCaser(f)
class UpperCaser:
'''Wrapper around a file that converts output to uppercase.'''
def __init__(self, f):
self._f = f
def read(self, count=-1):
return self._f.read(count).upper()
# ...
As an implementation detail, most modules have the name ``__builtins__`` made
available as part of their globals. The value of ``__builtins__`` is normally
either this module or the value of this module's :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute.
Since this is an implementation detail, it may not be used by alternate
implementations of Python.
.. seealso::
* :ref:`built-in-consts`
* :ref:`bltin-exceptions`
* :ref:`built-in-funcs`
* :ref:`bltin-types`
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