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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Qt Toolkit - QCString Class</title><style type="text/css"><!--
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<h1 align=center>QCString Class Reference</h1><br clear="all">
<p>
The QCString class provides an abstraction of the classic C zero-terminated char array (<var>char*</var>).
<a href="#details">More...</a>
<p>
<code>#include <<a href="qcstring-h.html">qcstring.h</a>></code>
<p>
Inherits <a href="qbytearray.html">QByteArray</a>.
<p><a href="qcstring-members.html">List of all member functions.</a>
<h2>Public Members</h2>
<ul>
<li><div class="fn"><a href="#ce446a"><b>QCString</b></a>()</div>
<li><div class="fn"><a href="#56d244"><b>QCString</b></a>(intsize)</div>
<li><div class="fn"><a href="#1111d6"><b>QCString</b></a>(constQCString&s)</div>
<li><div class="fn"><a href="#f63668"><b>QCString</b></a>(constchar*str)</div>
<li><div class="fn"><a href="#b6f493"><b>QCString</b></a>(constchar*str, uintmaxlen)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#11a23f"><b>operator=</b></a>(constQCString&s)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#17845e"><b>operator=</b></a>(constchar*str)</div>
<li><div class="fn">bool<a href="#a8274d"><b>isNull</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">bool<a href="#93b5d4"><b>isEmpty</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">uint<a href="#5a756d"><b>length</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">bool<a href="#8daa86"><b>resize</b></a>(uintnewlen)</div>
<li><div class="fn">bool<a href="#3c9824"><b>truncate</b></a>(uintpos)</div>
<li><div class="fn">bool<a href="#b365ec"><b>fill</b></a>(charc, intlen=-1)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#82711b"><b>copy</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#b6eb85"><b>sprintf</b></a>(constchar*format, ...)</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#af642f"><b>find</b></a>(charc, intindex=0, boolcs=TRUE)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#4e6136"><b>find</b></a>(constchar*str, intindex=0, boolcs=TRUE)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#078192"><b>find</b></a>(constQRegExp&, intindex=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#385e3e"><b>findRev</b></a>(charc, intindex=-1, boolcs=TRUE)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#ff2ef5"><b>findRev</b></a>(constchar*str, intindex=-1, boolcs=TRUE)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#73070a"><b>findRev</b></a>(constQRegExp&, intindex=-1)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#6a7eb4"><b>contains</b></a>(charc, boolcs=TRUE)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#723485"><b>contains</b></a>(constchar*str, boolcs=TRUE)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#e61171"><b>contains</b></a>(constQRegExp&)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#d84d26"><b>left</b></a>(uintlen)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#62ea1b"><b>right</b></a>(uintlen)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#3ac01d"><b>mid</b></a>(uintindex, uintlen=0xffffffff)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#4fd303"><b>leftJustify</b></a>(uintwidth, charfill='', booltrunc=FALSE)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#b50ab6"><b>rightJustify</b></a>(uintwidth, charfill='', booltrunc=FALSE)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#e3ed4c"><b>lower</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#896c48"><b>upper</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#ed0533"><b>stripWhiteSpace</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString<a href="#656340"><b>simplifyWhiteSpace</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#c7feb1"><b>insert</b></a>(uintindex, constchar*)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#e27a58"><b>insert</b></a>(uintindex, char)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#45ce01"><b>append</b></a>(constchar*)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#d179c9"><b>prepend</b></a>(constchar*)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#832056"><b>remove</b></a>(uintindex, uintlen)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#120ad8"><b>replace</b></a>(uintindex, uintlen, constchar*)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#397ec6"><b>replace</b></a>(constQRegExp&, constchar*)</div>
<li><div class="fn">short<a href="#3c19fb"><b>toShort</b></a>(bool*ok=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">ushort<a href="#9bb0a4"><b>toUShort</b></a>(bool*ok=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">int<a href="#c05846"><b>toInt</b></a>(bool*ok=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">uint<a href="#5c8ca0"><b>toUInt</b></a>(bool*ok=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">long<a href="#fe38f1"><b>toLong</b></a>(bool*ok=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">ulong<a href="#80aa29"><b>toULong</b></a>(bool*ok=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">float<a href="#7c1dfd"><b>toFloat</b></a>(bool*ok=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">double<a href="#b9f7c4"><b>toDouble</b></a>(bool*ok=0)const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#e7cb03"><b>setStr</b></a>(constchar*s)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#ee3e6d"><b>setNum</b></a>(short)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#b4948b"><b>setNum</b></a>(ushort)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#48dae1"><b>setNum</b></a>(int)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#caf816"><b>setNum</b></a>(uint)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#ab6d94"><b>setNum</b></a>(long)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#576b68"><b>setNum</b></a>(ulong)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#4d919b"><b>setNum</b></a>(float, charf='g', intprec=6)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#94a167"><b>setNum</b></a>(double, charf='g', intprec=6)</div>
<li><div class="fn">bool<a href="#53e8b9"><b>setExpand</b></a>(uintindex, charc)</div>
<li><div class="fn">operator<a href=qcstring.html#3fe501><b>constchar*</b></a>()const</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#f67340"><b>operator+=</b></a>(constchar*str)</div>
<li><div class="fn">QCString&<a href="#f72ea3"><b>operator+=</b></a>(charc)</div>
</ul>
<h2>Related Functions</h2>
(Note that these are not member functions.)
<ul>
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#03c0a2"><b>operator!=</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)
<li>int <a href="qcstring.html#0bfe54"><b>qstricmp</b></a> (const char * str1, const char * str2)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#193bea"><b>operator<</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#194297"><b>operator==</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)
<li>int <a href="qcstring.html#19a5a5"><b>qstrncmp</b></a> (const char * str1, const char * str2, uint len)
<li>QCString <a href="qcstring.html#1a9572"><b>operator+</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#1cea98"><b>operator>=</b></a> (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>QCString <a href="qcstring.html#2fb27d"><b>operator+</b></a> (const QCString & s, char c)
<li>int <a href="qcstring.html#3064a3"><b>strnicmp</b></a> (const char * str1, const char * str2, uint len)
<li>char * <a href="qcstring.html#342248"><b>qstrncpy</b></a> (char * dst, const char * src, uint len)
<li>void * <a href="qcstring.html#4856e1"><b>memmove</b></a> (void * dst, const void * src, uint len)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#4f187b"><b>operator></b></a> (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)
<li>QDataStream & <a href="qcstring.html#4f21cf"><b>operator<<</b></a> (QDataStream & s, const QCString & str)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#50153a"><b>operator<=</b></a> (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>QCString <a href="qcstring.html#519a54"><b>operator+</b></a> (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#6db9e4"><b>operator></b></a> (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#85d1f7"><b>operator<=</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)
<li>QDataStream & <a href="qcstring.html#86064e"><b>operator>></b></a> (QDataStream & s, QCString & str)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#876946"><b>operator==</b></a> (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#8a4c86"><b>operator>=</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)
<li>QCString <a href="qcstring.html#9981a9"><b>operator+</b></a> (char c, const QCString & s)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#a061c8"><b>operator<</b></a> (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>int <a href="qcstring.html#a18987"><b>qstrcmp</b></a> (const char * str1, const char * str2)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#a34cee"><b>operator!=</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>QCString <a href="qcstring.html#b7aa67"><b>operator+</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)
<li>char * <a href="qcstring.html#c219e9"><b>qstrdup</b></a> (const char * str)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#caeb8f"><b>operator==</b></a> (const QCString & s1, const QCString & s2)
<li>bool <a href="qcstring.html#fedec6"><b>operator!=</b></a> (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)
</ul>
<hr><h2><a name="details"></a>Detailed Description</h2>
The QCString class provides an abstraction of the classic C zero-terminated char array (<var>char*</var>).
<p>
QCString inherits <a href="qbytearray.html">QByteArray</a>, which is defined as <a href="qarray.html">QArray</a><char>.
<p>Since QCString is a QArray, it uses <em>explicit</em>
<a href="shclass.html">sharing</a> with a reference count.
<p>You might use QCString for text that is never exposed to the user,
but for text the user sees, you should use <a href="qstring.html">QString</a> (which provides
implicit sharing, Unicode and other internationalization support).
<p>Note that QCString is one of the weaker classes in Qt; its design is
flawed (it tries to behave like a more convenient const char *) and
as a result, algorithms that use QCString heavily all too often
perform badly. For example, <a href="#45ce01">append</a>() is O(<a href="#5a756d">length</a>()) since it scans
for a null terminator, which makes many algorithms that use QCString
scale even worse.
<p>Note that for the QCString methods that take a <var>const char *</var>
parameter the results are undefined if the QCString is not
zero-terminated. It is legal for the <var>const char *</var> parameter
to be 0.
<p>A QCString that has not been assigned to anything is <em>null,</em> i.e. both
the length and data pointer is 0. A QCString that references the empty
string ("", a single '\0' char) is <em>empty.</em> Both null and empty
QCStrings are legal parameters to the methods. Assigning <var>const char
* 0</var> to QCString gives a null QCString.
<p>See also <a href="shclass.html">Shared classes</a>
<hr><h2>Member Function Documentation</h2>
<h3 class="fn"><a name="ce446a"></a>QCString::QCString()</h3>
<p>Constructs a null string.
<p>See also <a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>().
<h3 class="fn"><a name="1111d6"></a>QCString::QCString(constQCString&s)</h3>
<p>Constructs a shallow copy <em>s.</em>
<p>See also <a href="qbytearray.html#762155">assign</a>().
<h3 class="fn"><a name="f63668"></a>QCString::QCString(constchar*str)</h3>
<p>Constructs a string that is a deep copy of <em>str.</em>
<p>If <em>str</em> is 0 a null string is created.
<p>See also <a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>().
<h3 class="fn"><a name="b6f493"></a>QCString::QCString(constchar*str, uintmaxsize)</h3>
<p>Constructs a string that is a deep copy of <em>str,</em> that is no more
than <em>maxsize</em> bytes long including the '\0'-terminator.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> str( "helloworld", 6 ); // Assigns "hello" to str.
</pre>
<p>If <em>str</em> contains a 0 byte within the first <em>maxsize</em> bytes, the
resulting QCString will be terminated by the 0. If <em>str</em> is 0 a
null string is created.
<p>See also <a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>().
<h3 class="fn"><a name="56d244"></a>QCString::QCString(intsize)</h3>
<p>Constructs a string with room for <em>size</em> characters, including the
'\0'-terminator. Makes a null string if <em>size</em> == 0.
<p>If <em>size</em> > 0, then the first and last characters in the string are
initialized to '\0'. All other characters are uninitialized.
<p>See also <a href="#8daa86">resize</a>() and <a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>().
<h3 class="fn"><a name="3fe501"></a>QCString::operatorconstchar*()const</h3>
<p>Returns the string data.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="45ce01"></a>QCString::append(constchar*str)</h3>
<p>Appends <em>str</em> to the string and returns a reference to the string.
Equivalent to <a href="#f67340">operator+=</a>().
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="6a7eb4"></a>QCString::contains(charc, boolcs=TRUE)const</h3>
<p>Returns the number of times the character <em>c</em> occurs in the string.
<p>The match is case sensitive if <em>cs</em> is TRUE, or case insensitive if <em>cs</em>
if FALSE.
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="e61171"></a>QCString::contains(const<a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a>&rx)const</h3>
<p>Counts the number of overlapping occurrences of <em>rx</em> in the string.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qstring.html">QString</a> s = "banana and panama";
<a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a> r = QRegExp("a[nm]a", TRUE, FALSE);
s.<a href="qstring.html#3c8233">contains</a>( r ); // 4 matches
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#078192">find</a>() and <a href="#385e3e">findRev</a>().
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="723485"></a>QCString::contains(constchar*str, boolcs=TRUE)const</h3>
<p>Returns the number of times <em>str</em> occurs in the string.
<p>The match is case sensitive if <em>cs</em> is TRUE, or case insensitive if <em>cs</em> if FALSE.
<p>This function counts overlapping substrings, for example, "banana"
contains two occurrences of "ana".
<p>See also <a href="#385e3e">findRev</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="82711b"></a>QCString::copy()const</h3>
<p>Returns a deep copy of this string.
<p>See also <a href="qbytearray.html#57e5a9">detach</a>().
<h3 class="fn">bool<a name="b365ec"></a>QCString::fill(charc, intlen=-1)</h3>
<p>Fills the string with <em>len</em> bytes of value <em>c,</em> followed by a
'\0'-terminator.
<p>If <em>len</em> is negative, then the current string length is used.
<p>Returns FALSE is <em>len</em> is nonnegative and there is no memory to
resize the string, otherwise TRUE is returned.
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="af642f"></a>QCString::find(charc, intindex=0, boolcs=TRUE)const</h3>
<p>Finds the first occurrence of the character <em>c,</em> starting at
position <em>index.</em>
<p>The search is case sensitive if <em>cs</em> is TRUE, or case insensitive if <em>cs</em> is FALSE.
<p>Returns the position of <em>c,</em> or -1 if <em>c</em> could not be found.
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="078192"></a>QCString::find(const<a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a>&rx, intindex=0)const</h3>
<p>Finds the first occurrence of the regular expression <em>rx,</em> starting at
position <em>index.</em>
<p>Returns the position of the next match, or -1 if <em>rx</em> was not found.
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="4e6136"></a>QCString::find(constchar*str, intindex=0, boolcs=TRUE)const</h3>
<p>Finds the first occurrence of the string <em>str,</em> starting at position
<em>index.</em>
<p>The search is case sensitive if <em>cs</em> is TRUE, or case insensitive if <em>cs</em> is FALSE.
<p>Returns the position of <em>str,</em> or -1 if <em>str</em> could not be found.
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="385e3e"></a>QCString::findRev(charc, intindex=-1, boolcs=TRUE)const</h3>
<p>Finds the first occurrence of the character <em>c,</em> starting at
position <em>index</em> and searching backwards.
<p>The search is case sensitive if <em>cs</em> is TRUE, or case insensitive if <em>cs</em> is FALSE.
<p>Returns the position of <em>c,</em> or -1 if <em>c</em> could not be found.
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="73070a"></a>QCString::findRev(const<a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a>&rx, intindex=-1)const</h3>
<p>Finds the first occurrence of the regular expression <em>rx,</em> starting at
position <em>index</em> and searching backwards.
<p>The search will start from the end of the string if <em>index</em> is negative.
<p>Returns the position of the next match (backwards), or -1 if <em>rx</em> was not
found.
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="ff2ef5"></a>QCString::findRev(constchar*str, intindex=-1, boolcs=TRUE)const</h3>
<p>Finds the first occurrence of the string <em>str,</em> starting at
position <em>index</em> and searching backwards.
<p>The search is case sensitive if <em>cs</em> is TRUE, or case insensitive if <em>cs</em> is FALSE.
<p>Returns the position of <em>str,</em> or -1 if <em>str</em> could not be found.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="e27a58"></a>QCString::insert(uintindex, charc)</h3>
<p>Insert <em>c</em> into the string at (before) position <em>index</em> and returns
a reference to the string.
<p>If <em>index</em> is beyond the end of the string, the string is extended with
spaces (ASCII 32) to length <em>index</em> and <em>c</em> is then appended.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "Yes";
s.<a href="#c7feb1">insert</a>( 3, '!'); // s == "Yes!"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#832056">remove</a>() and <a href="#120ad8">replace</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="c7feb1"></a>QCString::insert(uintindex, constchar*s)</h3>
<p>Insert <em>s</em> into the string before position <em>index.</em>
<p>If <em>index</em> is beyond the end of the string, the string is extended with
spaces (ASCII 32) to length <em>index</em> and <em>s</em> is then appended.
<p><pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "I like fish";
s.<a href="#c7feb1">insert</a>( 2, "don't "); // s == "I don't like fish"
s = "x";
s.<a href="#c7feb1">insert</a>( 3, "yz" ); // s == "x yz"
</pre>
<h3 class="fn">bool<a name="93b5d4"></a>QCString::isEmpty()const</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if the string is empty, i.e. if <a href="#5a756d">length</a>() == 0.
An empty string is not always a null string.
<p>See example in <a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>().
<p>See also <a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>(), <a href="#5a756d">length</a>() and <a href="qbytearray.html#3d2edb">size</a>().
<h3 class="fn">bool<a name="a8274d"></a>QCString::isNull()const</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if the string is null, i.e. if <a href="qbytearray.html#2733f4">data</a>() == 0.
A null string is also an empty string.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> a; // a.<a href="qbytearray.html#2733f4">data</a>() == 0, a.<a href="qbytearray.html#3d2edb">size</a>() == 0, a.<a href="#5a756d">length</a>() == 0
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> b == ""; // b.<a href="qbytearray.html#2733f4">data</a>() == "", b.<a href="qbytearray.html#3d2edb">size</a>() == 1, b.<a href="#5a756d">length</a>() == 0
a.<a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>(); // TRUE, because a.<a href="qbytearray.html#2733f4">data</a>() == 0
a.<a href="#93b5d4">isEmpty</a>(); // TRUE, because a.<a href="#5a756d">length</a>() == 0
b.<a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>(); // FALSE, because b.<a href="qbytearray.html#2733f4">data</a>() == ""
b.<a href="#93b5d4">isEmpty</a>(); // TRUE, because b.<a href="#5a756d">length</a>() == 0
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#93b5d4">isEmpty</a>(), <a href="#5a756d">length</a>() and <a href="qbytearray.html#3d2edb">size</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="d84d26"></a>QCString::left(uintlen)const</h3>
<p>Returns a substring that contains the <em>len</em> leftmost characters
of the string.
<p>The whole string is returned if <em>len</em> exceeds the length of the string.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "Pineapple";
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#d84d26">left</a>( 4 ); // t == "Pine"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#62ea1b">right</a>() and <a href="#3ac01d">mid</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="4fd303"></a>QCString::leftJustify(uintwidth, charfill='', booltruncate=FALSE)const</h3>
<p>Returns a string of length <em>width</em> (plus '\0') that contains this
string and padded by the <em>fill</em> character.
<p>If the length of the string exceeds <em>width</em> and <em>truncate</em> is FALSE,
then the returned string is a copy of the string.
If the length of the string exceeds <em>width</em> and <em>truncate</em> is TRUE,
then the returned string is a <a href="#d84d26">left</a>(<em>width).</em>
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s("apple");
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#4fd303">leftJustify</a>(8, '.'); // t == "apple..."
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#b50ab6">rightJustify</a>().
<h3 class="fn">uint<a name="5a756d"></a>QCString::length()const</h3>
<p>Returns the length of the string, excluding the '\0'-terminator.
Equivalent to calling <code>strlen(<a href="qbytearray.html#2733f4">data</a>()).</code>
<p>Null strings and empty strings have zero length.
<p>See also <a href="qbytearray.html#3d2edb">size</a>(), <a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>() and <a href="#93b5d4">isEmpty</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="e3ed4c"></a>QCString::lower()const</h3>
<p>Returns a new string that is the string converted to lower case.
<p>Presently it only handles 7-bit ASCII, or whatever tolower()
handles (if $LC_CTYPE is set, most UNIX systems do the Right Thing).
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s("TeX");
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#e3ed4c">lower</a>(); // t == "tex"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#896c48">upper</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="3ac01d"></a>QCString::mid(uintindex, uintlen=0xffffffff)const</h3>
<p>Returns a substring that contains the <em>len</em> characters of this
string, starting at position <em>index.</em>
<p>Returns a null string if the string is empty or <em>index</em> is out
of range. Returns the whole string from <em>index</em> if <em>index+len</em> exceeds
the length of the string.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "Two pineapples";
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#3ac01d">mid</a>( 4, 4 ); // t == "pine"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#d84d26">left</a>() and <a href="#62ea1b">right</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="f72ea3"></a>QCString::operator+=(charc)</h3>
<p>Appends <em>c</em> to the string and returns a reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="f67340"></a>QCString::operator+=(constchar*str)</h3>
<p>Appends <em>str</em> to the string and returns a reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="11a23f"></a>QCString::operator=(constQCString&s)</h3>
<p>Assigns a shallow copy of <em>s</em> to this string and returns a reference to
this string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="17845e"></a>QCString::operator=(constchar*str)</h3>
<p>Assigns a deep copy of <em>str</em> to this string and returns a reference to
this string.
<p>If <em>str</em> is 0 a null string is created.
<p>See also <a href="#a8274d">isNull</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="d179c9"></a>QCString::prepend(constchar*s)</h3>
<p>Prepend <em>s</em> to the string. Equivalent to <a href="#c7feb1">insert</a>(0,s).
<p>See also <a href="#c7feb1">insert</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="832056"></a>QCString::remove(uintindex, uintlen)</h3>
<p>Removes <em>len</em> characters starting at position <em>index</em> from the
string and returns a reference to the string.
<p>If <em>index</em> is too big, nothing happens. If <em>index</em> is valid, but
<em>len</em> is too large, the rest of the string is removed.
<p><pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "Montreal";
s.<a href="#832056">remove</a>( 1, 4 );
// s == "Meal"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#c7feb1">insert</a>() and <a href="#120ad8">replace</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="397ec6"></a>QCString::replace(const<a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a>&rx, constchar*str)</h3>
<p>Replaces every occurrence of <em>rx</em> in the string with <em>str.</em>
Returns a reference to the string.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qstring.html">QString</a> s = "banana";
s.<a href="qstring.html#034e6e">replace</a>( <a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a>("a.*a"), "" ); // becomes "b"
<a href="qstring.html">QString</a> s = "banana";
s.<a href="qstring.html#034e6e">replace</a>( <a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a>("^[bn]a"), " " ); // becomes " nana"
<a href="qstring.html">QString</a> s = "banana";
s.<a href="qstring.html#034e6e">replace</a>( <a href="qregexp.html">QRegExp</a>("^[bn]a"), "" ); // NOTE! becomes ""
</pre>
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="120ad8"></a>QCString::replace(uintindex, uintlen, constchar*s)</h3>
<p>Replaces <em>len</em> characters starting at position <em>index</em> from the
string with <em>s,</em> and returns a reference to the string.
<p>If <em>index</em> is too big, nothing is deleted and <em>s</em> is inserted at the
end of the string. If <em>index</em> is valid, but <em>len</em> is too large, <em>str</em> replaces the rest of the string.
<p><pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "Say yes!";
s.<a href="#120ad8">replace</a>( 4, 3, "NO" ); // s == "Say NO!"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#c7feb1">insert</a>() and <a href="#832056">remove</a>().
<h3 class="fn">bool<a name="8daa86"></a>QCString::resize(uintlen)</h3>
<p>Extends or shrinks the string to <em>len</em> bytes, including the
'\0'-terminator.
<p>A \0-terminator is set at position <code>len - 1</code> unless
<code>len == 0</code>.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "resize this string";
s.<a href="#8daa86">resize</a>( 7 ); // s == "resize"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#3c9824">truncate</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="62ea1b"></a>QCString::right(uintlen)const</h3>
<p>Returns a substring that contains the <em>len</em> rightmost characters
of the string.
<p>The whole string is returned if <em>len</em> exceeds the length of the string.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "Pineapple";
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#62ea1b">right</a>( 5 ); // t == "apple"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#d84d26">left</a>() and <a href="#3ac01d">mid</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="b50ab6"></a>QCString::rightJustify(uintwidth, charfill='', booltruncate=FALSE)const</h3>
<p>Returns a string of length <em>width</em> (plus '\0') that contains pad
characters followed by the string.
<p>If the length of the string exceeds <em>width</em> and <em>truncate</em> is FALSE,
then the returned string is a copy of the string.
If the length of the string exceeds <em>width</em> and <em>truncate</em> is TRUE,
then the returned string is a <a href="#d84d26">left</a>(<em>width).</em>
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s("pie");
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#b50ab6">rightJustify</a>(8, '.'); // t == ".....pie"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#4fd303">leftJustify</a>().
<h3 class="fn">bool<a name="53e8b9"></a>QCString::setExpand(uintindex, charc)</h3>
<p>Sets the character at position <em>index</em> to <em>c</em> and expands the
string if necessary, filling with spaces.
<p>Returns FALSE if this <em>index</em> was out of range and the string could
not be expanded, otherwise TRUE.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="94a167"></a>QCString::setNum(double<a href="n.html">n</a>, charf='g', intprec=6)</h3>
<p>Sets the string to the printed value of <em><a href="n.html">n</a>.</em>
<p>Arguments:
<ul>
<li><em>f</em> is the format specifier: 'f', 'F', 'e', 'E', 'g', 'G' (same
as <a href="#b6eb85">sprintf</a>()).
<li><em>prec</em> is the precision.
</ul>
Returns a reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="4d919b"></a>QCString::setNum(float<a href="n.html">n</a>, charf='g', intprec=6)</h3>
<p>Sets the string to the printed value of <em><a href="n.html">n</a>.</em>
<p>Arguments:
<ul>
<li><em>f</em> is the format specifier: 'f', 'F', 'e', 'E', 'g', 'G' (same
as <a href="#b6eb85">sprintf</a>()).
<li><em>prec</em> is the precision.
</ul>
Returns a reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="48dae1"></a>QCString::setNum(int<a href="n.html">n</a>)</h3>
<p>Sets the string to the printed value of <em><a href="n.html">n</a></em> and returns a reference
to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="ab6d94"></a>QCString::setNum(long<a href="n.html">n</a>)</h3>
<p>Sets the string to the printed value of <em><a href="n.html">n</a></em> and returns a
reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="ee3e6d"></a>QCString::setNum(short<a href="n.html">n</a>)</h3>
<p>Sets the string to the printed value of <em><a href="n.html">n</a></em> and returns a reference
to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="caf816"></a>QCString::setNum(uint<a href="n.html">n</a>)</h3>
<p>Sets the string to the printed unsigned value of <em><a href="n.html">n</a></em> and returns a
reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="576b68"></a>QCString::setNum(ulong<a href="n.html">n</a>)</h3>
<p>Sets the string to the printed unsigned value of <em><a href="n.html">n</a></em> and
returns a reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="b4948b"></a>QCString::setNum(ushort<a href="n.html">n</a>)</h3>
<p>Sets the string to the printed unsigned value of <em><a href="n.html">n</a></em> and returns a
reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="e7cb03"></a>QCString::setStr(constchar*str)</h3>
<p>Makes a deep copy of <em>str.</em>
Returns a reference to the string.
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="656340"></a>QCString::simplifyWhiteSpace()const</h3>
<p>Returns a new string that has white space removed from the start and the end,
plus any sequence of internal white space replaced with a single space
(ASCII 32).
<p>White space means any ASCII code 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 32.
<p><pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = " lots\t of\nwhite space ";
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#656340">simplifyWhiteSpace</a>(); // t == "lots of white space"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#ed0533">stripWhiteSpace</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString&<a name="b6eb85"></a>QCString::sprintf(constchar*format, ...)</h3>
<p>Implemented as a call to the native vsprintf() (see your C-library
manual).
<p>If your string is shorter than 256 characters, this sprintf() calls
<a href="#8daa86">resize</a>(256) to decrease the chance of memory corruption. The string is
resized back to its natural length before sprintf() returns.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s;
s.<a href="#b6eb85">sprintf</a>( "%d - %s", 1, "first" ); // result < 256 chars
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> big( 25000 ); // very long string
big.<a href="#b6eb85">sprintf</a>( "%d - %s", 2, longString ); // result < 25000 chars
</pre>
<p><b>Warning:</b> All vsprintf() implementations will write past the end of
the target string (*this) if the format specification and arguments
happen to be longer than the target string, and some will also fail
if the target string is longer than some arbitrary implementation
limit.
<p>Giving user-supplied arguments to sprintf() is begging for trouble.
Sooner or later someone <em>will</em> paste a 3000-character line into
your application.
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="ed0533"></a>QCString::stripWhiteSpace()const</h3>
<p>Returns a new string that has white space removed from the start and the end.
<p>White space means any ASCII code 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 32.
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = " space ";
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#ed0533">stripWhiteSpace</a>(); // t == "space"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#656340">simplifyWhiteSpace</a>().
<h3 class="fn">double<a name="b9f7c4"></a>QCString::toDouble(bool*ok=0)const</h3>
<p>Returns the string converted to a <code>double</code> value.
<p>If <em>ok</em> is nonnull, <em>*ok</em> is set to TRUE if there are no conceivable
errors, and FALSE if the string is not a number at all, or if it has
trailing garbage.
<h3 class="fn">float<a name="7c1dfd"></a>QCString::toFloat(bool*ok=0)const</h3>
<p>Returns the string converted to a <code>float</code> value.
<p>If <em>ok</em> is nonnull, <em>*ok</em> is set to TRUE if there are no
conceivable errors, and FALSE if the string is not a number at all,
or if it has trailing garbage.
<h3 class="fn">int<a name="c05846"></a>QCString::toInt(bool*ok=0)const</h3>
<p>Returns the string converted to a <code>int</code> value.
<p>If <em>ok</em> is nonnull, <em>*ok</em> is set to TRUE if there are no
conceivable errors, and FALSE if the string is not a number at all,
or if it has trailing garbage.
<h3 class="fn">long<a name="fe38f1"></a>QCString::toLong(bool*ok=0)const</h3>
<p>Returns the string converted to a <code>long</code> value.
<p>If <em>ok</em> is nonnull, <em>*ok</em> is set to TRUE if there are no
conceivable errors, and FALSE if the string is not a number at all, or if
it has trailing garbage.
<h3 class="fn">short<a name="3c19fb"></a>QCString::toShort(bool*ok=0)const</h3>
<p>Returns the string converted to a <code>short</code> value.
<p>If <em>ok</em> is nonnull, <em>*ok</em> is set to TRUE if there are no
conceivable errors, and FALSE if the string is not a number at all, or if
it has trailing garbage.
<h3 class="fn">uint<a name="5c8ca0"></a>QCString::toUInt(bool*ok=0)const</h3>
<p>Returns the string converted to an <code>unsigned int</code> value.
<p>If <em>ok</em> is nonnull, <em>*ok</em> is set to TRUE if there are no
conceivable errors, and FALSE if the string is not a number at all,
or if it has trailing garbage.
<h3 class="fn">ulong<a name="80aa29"></a>QCString::toULong(bool*ok=0)const</h3>
<p>Returns the string converted to an <code>unsigned long</code>
value.
<p>If <em>ok</em> is nonnull, <em>*ok</em> is set to TRUE if there are no
conceivable errors, and FALSE if the string is not a number at all,
or if it has trailing garbage.
<h3 class="fn">ushort<a name="9bb0a4"></a>QCString::toUShort(bool*ok=0)const</h3>
<p>Returns the string converted to an <code>unsigned short</code> value.
<p>If <em>ok</em> is nonnull, <em>*ok</em> is set to TRUE if there are no
conceivable errors, and FALSE if the string is not a number at all, or if
it has trailing garbage.
<h3 class="fn">bool<a name="3c9824"></a>QCString::truncate(uintpos)</h3>
<p>Truncates the string at position <em>pos.</em>
<p>Equivalent to calling <code><a href="#8daa86">resize</a>(pos+1).</code>
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s = "truncate this string";
s.<a href="#3c9824">truncate</a>( 5 ); // s == "trunc"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#8daa86">resize</a>().
<h3 class="fn">QCString<a name="896c48"></a>QCString::upper()const</h3>
<p>Returns a new string that is the string converted to upper case.
<p>Presently it only handles 7-bit ASCII, or whatever toupper()
handles (if $LC_CTYPE is set, most UNIX systems do the Right Thing).
<p>Example:
<pre> <a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> s("TeX");
<a href="qcstring.html">QCString</a> t = s.<a href="#896c48">upper</a>(); // t == "TEX"
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="#e3ed4c">lower</a>().
<hr><h2>Related Functions</h2>
<h3>bool <a name="03c0a2"></a>operator!= (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if the two strings are different, or FALSE if they are equal.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) != 0</code>
<h3>int <a name="0bfe54"></a>qstricmp (const char * str1, const char * str2)</h3>
<p>A safe stricmp() function.
<p>Compares <em>str1</em> and <em>str2</em> ignoring the case.
<p>Returns a negative value if <em>str1</em> is less than <em>str2,</em> 0 if <em>str1</em>
is equal to <em>str2</em> or a positive value if <em>str1</em> is greater than <em>str2.</em>
<p>Special case I: Returns 0 if <em>str1</em> and <em>str2</em> are both null.
<p>Special case II: Returns a random nonzero value if <em>str1</em> is null
or <em>str2</em> is null (but not both).
<p>See also <a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(), <a href="qcstring.html#19a5a5">qstrncmp</a>() and qstrnicmp().
<h3>bool <a name="193bea"></a>operator< (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if <em>s1</em> is alphabetically less than <em>s2,</em> otherwise FALSE.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) < 0</code>
<h3>bool <a name="194297"></a>operator== (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if the two strings are equal, or FALSE if they are different.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) == 0</code>
<h3>int <a name="19a5a5"></a>qstrncmp (const char * str1, const char * str2, uint len)</h3>
<p>A safe strncmp() function.
<p>Compares <em>str1</em> and <em>str2</em> up to <em>len</em> bytes.
<p>Returns a negative value if <em>str1</em> is less than <em>str2,</em> 0 if <em>str1</em>
is equal to <em>str2</em> or a positive value if <em>str1</em> is greater than <em>str2.</em>
<p>Special case I: Returns 0 if <em>str1</em> and <em>str2</em> are both null.
<p>Special case II: Returns a random nonzero value if <em>str1</em> is null
or <em>str2</em> is null (but not both).
<p>See also <a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(), <a href="qcstring.html#0bfe54">qstricmp</a>() and qstrnicmp().
<h3>QCString <a name="1a9572"></a>operator+ (const QCString & s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns the concatenated string of s1 and s2.
<h3>bool <a name="1cea98"></a>operator>= (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if <em>s1</em> is alphabetically greater than or equal to <em>s2,</em>
otherwise FALSE.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) >= 0</code>
<h3>QCString <a name="2fb27d"></a>operator+ (const QCString & s, char c)</h3>
<p>Returns the concatenated string of s and c.
<h3>int <a name="3064a3"></a>strnicmp (const char * str1, const char * str2, uint len)</h3>
<p>A safe strnicmp() function.
<p>Compares <em>str1</em> and <em>str2</em> up to <em>len</em> bytes ignoring the case.
<p>Returns a negative value if <em>str1</em> is less than <em>str2,</em> 0 if <em>str1</em>
is equal to <em>str2</em> or a positive value if <em>str1</em> is greater than <em>str2.</em>
<p>Special case I: Returns 0 if <em>str1</em> and <em>str2</em> are both null.
<p>Special case II: Returns a random nonzero value if <em>str1</em> is null
or <em>str2</em> is null (but not both).
<p>See also <a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(), <a href="qcstring.html#19a5a5">qstrncmp</a>() and <a href="qcstring.html#0bfe54">qstricmp</a>().
<h3>char * <a name="342248"></a>qstrncpy (char * dst, const char * src, uint len)</h3>
<p>A safe strncpy() function.
<p>Copies all characters up to <em>len</em> bytes from <em>str</em> into <em>dst</em> and returns
a pointer to <em>dst.</em> Guarantees that <em>dst</em> is \0-terminated.
If <em>src</em> is null, it immediately returns 0.
<p>See also qstrcpy().
<h3>void * <a name="4856e1"></a>memmove (void * dst, const void * src, uint len)</h3>
<p>This function is normally part of the C library. Qt implements
memmove() for platforms that do not have it.
<p>memmove() copies <em>len</em> bytes from <em>src</em> into <em>dst.</em> The data is
copied correctly even if <em>src</em> and <em>dst</em> overlap.
<h3>bool <a name="4f187b"></a>operator> (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if <em>s1</em> is alphabetically greater than <em>s2,</em> otherwise FALSE.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) > 0</code>
<h3><a href="qdatastream.html">QDataStream</a> & <a name="4f21cf"></a>operator<< (<a href="qdatastream.html">QDataStream</a> & s, const QCString & str)</h3>
<p>Writes a string to the stream.
<p>See also <a href="datastreamformat.html">Format of the QDataStream operators</a>
<h3>bool <a name="50153a"></a>operator<= (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if <em>s1</em> is alphabetically less than or equal to <em>s2,</em>
otherwise FALSE.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) <= 0</code>
<h3>QCString <a name="519a54"></a>operator+ (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns the concatenated string of s1 and s2.
<h3>bool <a name="6db9e4"></a>operator> (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if <em>s1</em> is alphabetically greater than <em>s2,</em> otherwise FALSE.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) > 0</code>
<h3>bool <a name="85d1f7"></a>operator<= (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if <em>s1</em> is alphabetically less than or equal to <em>s2,</em>
otherwise FALSE.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) <= 0</code>
<h3><a href="qdatastream.html">QDataStream</a> & <a name="86064e"></a>operator>> (<a href="qdatastream.html">QDataStream</a> & s, QCString & str)</h3>
<p>Reads a string from the stream.
<p>See also <a href="datastreamformat.html">Format of the QDataStream operators</a>
<h3>bool <a name="876946"></a>operator== (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if the two strings are equal, or FALSE if they are different.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) == 0</code>
<h3>bool <a name="8a4c86"></a>operator>= (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if <em>s1</em> is alphabetically greater than or equal to <em>s2,</em>
otherwise FALSE.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) >= 0</code>
<h3>QCString <a name="9981a9"></a>operator+ (char c, const QCString & s)</h3>
<p>Returns the concatenated string of c and s.
<h3>bool <a name="a061c8"></a>operator< (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if <em>s1</em> is alphabetically less than <em>s2,</em> otherwise FALSE.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) < 0</code>
<h3>int <a name="a18987"></a>qstrcmp (const char * str1, const char * str2)</h3>
<p>A safe strcmp() function.
<p>Compares <em>str1</em> and <em>str2.</em> Returns a negative value if <em>str1</em>
is less than <em>str2,</em> 0 if <em>str1</em> is equal to <em>str2</em> or a positive
value if <em>str1</em> is greater than <em>str2.</em>
<p>Special case I: Returns 0 if <em>str1</em> and <em>str2</em> are both null.
<p>Special case II: Returns a random nonzero value if <em>str1</em> is null
or <em>str2</em> is null (but not both).
<p>See also <a href="qcstring.html#19a5a5">qstrncmp</a>(), <a href="qcstring.html#0bfe54">qstricmp</a>() and qstrnicmp().
<h3>bool <a name="a34cee"></a>operator!= (const QCString & s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if the two strings are different, or FALSE if they are equal.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) != 0</code>
<h3>QCString <a name="b7aa67"></a>operator+ (const QCString & s1, const char * s2)</h3>
<p>Returns the concatenated string of s1 and s2.
<h3>char * <a name="c219e9"></a>qstrdup (const char * str)</h3>
<p>Returns a duplicate string.
<p>Allocates space for a copy of <em>str</em> (using <code>new),</code> copies it, and returns
a pointer to the copy.
If <em>src</em> is null, it immediately returns 0.
<h3>bool <a name="caeb8f"></a>operator== (const QCString & s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if the two strings are equal, or FALSE if they are different.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) == 0</code>
<h3>bool <a name="fedec6"></a>operator!= (const char * s1, const QCString & s2)</h3>
<p>Returns TRUE if the two strings are different, or FALSE if they are equal.
<p>Equivalent to <code><a href="qcstring.html#a18987">qstrcmp</a>(s1,s2) != 0</code>
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