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<h1>ConvertibleBonds.cpp</h1>This example evaluates convertible bond prices.<p>
<div class="fragment"><pre class="fragment"><span class="comment">/* -*- mode: c++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */</span>
<span class="comment">// the only header you need to use QuantLib</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include <ql/quantlib.hpp></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#ifdef BOOST_MSVC</span>
<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="comment">/* Uncomment the following lines to unmask floating-point</span>
<span class="comment"> exceptions. Warning: unpredictable results can arise...</span>
<span class="comment"></span>
<span class="comment"> See http://www.wilmott.com/messageview.cfm?catid=10&threadid=9481</span>
<span class="comment"> Is there anyone with a definitive word about this?</span>
<span class="comment">*/</span>
<span class="comment">// #include <float.h></span>
<span class="comment">// namespace { unsigned int u = _controlfp(_EM_INEXACT, _MCW_EM); }</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#endif</span>
<span class="preprocessor"></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include <boost/timer.hpp></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include <iomanip></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#define LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))</span>
<span class="preprocessor"></span>
<span class="keyword">using namespace </span>QuantLib;
<span class="preprocessor">#if defined(QL_ENABLE_SESSIONS)</span>
<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="keyword">namespace </span>QuantLib {
<a name="a0"></a><a class="code" href="group__types.html#gb9c87440c314438e51a899a03d2442d0" title="integer number">Integer</a> sessionId() { <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0; }
}
<span class="preprocessor">#endif</span>
<span class="preprocessor"></span>
<span class="keywordtype">int</span> main(<span class="keywordtype">int</span>, <span class="keywordtype">char</span>* []) {
<span class="keywordflow">try</span> {
boost::timer timer;
std::cout << std::endl;
Option::Type type(Option::Put);
<a name="a1"></a><a class="code" href="group__types.html#g4bdf4bfe76b9ffa6fa64c47d8bfa0c78" title="real number">Real</a> underlying = 36.0;
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#g4bdf4bfe76b9ffa6fa64c47d8bfa0c78" title="real number">Real</a> spreadRate = 0.005;
<a name="a2"></a><a class="code" href="group__types.html#ge7427f4743503002b0c6eeeefae91a3d" title="spreads on interest rates">Spread</a> dividendYield = 0.02;
<a name="a3"></a><a class="code" href="group__types.html#gede435af51236692b1107d7639581d39" title="interest rates">Rate</a> riskFreeRate = 0.06;
<a name="a4"></a><a class="code" href="group__types.html#gaa95ab7fe66935e3f7535413fad2a7d3" title="volatility">Volatility</a> <a name="a5"></a><a class="code" href="group__manips.html#gc402ef7c87f63f7c603ee87210b5750c" title="output volatilities as percentages">volatility</a> = 0.20;
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gb9c87440c314438e51a899a03d2442d0" title="integer number">Integer</a> settlementDays = 3;
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gb9c87440c314438e51a899a03d2442d0" title="integer number">Integer</a> length = 5;
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#g4bdf4bfe76b9ffa6fa64c47d8bfa0c78" title="real number">Real</a> redemption = 100.0;
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#g4bdf4bfe76b9ffa6fa64c47d8bfa0c78" title="real number">Real</a> conversionRatio = redemption/underlying; <span class="comment">// at the money</span>
<span class="comment">// set up dates/schedules</span>
<a name="_a6"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_calendar.html" title="calendar class">Calendar</a> calendar = <a name="_a7"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_t_a_r_g_e_t.html" title="TARGET calendar">TARGET</a>();
<a name="_a8"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_date.html" title="Concrete date class.">Date</a> today = calendar.<a name="a9"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_calendar.html#ee7c18511c7ee1bcda6124f43a37aa28">adjust</a>(Date::todaysDate());
Settings::instance().evaluationDate() = today;
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_date.html" title="Concrete date class.">Date</a> settlementDate = calendar.<a name="a10"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_calendar.html#c47bb82bf7b147cfacf373991c2905ea">advance</a>(today, settlementDays, Days);
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_date.html" title="Concrete date class.">Date</a> exerciseDate = calendar.<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_calendar.html#c47bb82bf7b147cfacf373991c2905ea">advance</a>(settlementDate, length, Years);
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_date.html" title="Concrete date class.">Date</a> issueDate = calendar.<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_calendar.html#c47bb82bf7b147cfacf373991c2905ea">advance</a>(exerciseDate, -length, Years);
<a class="code" href="group__datetime.html#gff46c5ae9385d20709bedade86edd368" title="Business Day conventions.">BusinessDayConvention</a> convention = <a name="a11"></a><a class="code" href="group__datetime.html#ggff46c5ae9385d20709bedade86edd368013e092c359f6031cc0563fd413ce707">ModifiedFollowing</a>;
<a class="code" href="group__datetime.html#g6d41db8ba0ea90d22df35889df452ada" title="Frequency of events.">Frequency</a> frequency = <a name="a12"></a><a class="code" href="group__datetime.html#gg6d41db8ba0ea90d22df35889df452ada508b18014c96e2d466c12b39d7f4e426" title="once a year">Annual</a>;
<a name="_a13"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_schedule.html" title="Payment schedule.">Schedule</a> schedule(issueDate, exerciseDate,
<a name="_a14"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_period.html">Period</a>(frequency), calendar,
convention, convention,
DateGeneration::Backward, <span class="keyword">false</span>);
DividendSchedule dividends;
CallabilitySchedule callability;
std::vector<Real> coupons(1, 0.05);
<a name="_a15"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_day_counter.html" title="day counter class">DayCounter</a> bondDayCount = <a name="_a16"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_thirty360.html" title="30/360 day count convention">Thirty360</a>();
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gb9c87440c314438e51a899a03d2442d0" title="integer number">Integer</a> callLength[] = { 2, 4 }; <span class="comment">// Call dates, years 2, 4.</span>
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gb9c87440c314438e51a899a03d2442d0" title="integer number">Integer</a> putLength[] = { 3 }; <span class="comment">// Put dates year 3</span>
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#g4bdf4bfe76b9ffa6fa64c47d8bfa0c78" title="real number">Real</a> callPrices[] = { 101.5, 100.85 };
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#g4bdf4bfe76b9ffa6fa64c47d8bfa0c78" title="real number">Real</a> putPrices[]= { 105.0 };
<span class="comment">// Load call schedules</span>
<span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<a name="a17"></a><a class="code" href="group__types.html#gf38bdb4c54463b1f456655efa95b5c77" title="size of a container">Size</a> i=0; i<LENGTH(callLength); i++) {
callability.push_back(
boost::shared_ptr<Callability>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a18"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_soft_callability.html" title="callability leaving to the holder the possibility to convert">SoftCallability</a>(<a name="_a19"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_callability_1_1_price.html" title="amount to be paid upon callability">Callability::Price</a>(
callPrices[i],
Callability::Price::Clean),
schedule.date(callLength[i]),
1.20)));
}
<span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gf38bdb4c54463b1f456655efa95b5c77" title="size of a container">Size</a> j=0; j<LENGTH(putLength); j++) {
callability.push_back(
boost::shared_ptr<Callability>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a20"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_callability.html" title="instrument callability">Callability</a>(<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_callability_1_1_price.html" title="amount to be paid upon callability">Callability::Price</a>(
putPrices[j],
Callability::Price::Clean),
Callability::Put,
schedule.date(putLength[j]))));
}
<span class="comment">// Assume dividends are paid every 6 months.</span>
<span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_date.html" title="Concrete date class.">Date</a> d = today + 6*Months; d < exerciseDate; d += 6*Months) {
dividends.push_back(
boost::shared_ptr<Dividend>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a21"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_fixed_dividend.html" title="Predetermined cash flow.">FixedDividend</a>(1.0, d)));
}
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_day_counter.html" title="day counter class">DayCounter</a> dayCounter = <a name="_a22"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_actual365_fixed.html" title="Actual/365 (Fixed) day count convention.">Actual365Fixed</a>();
<a name="a23"></a><a class="code" href="group__types.html#g14fb8fca43a68f4168654e1f9f7e22f7" title="continuous quantity with 1-year units">Time</a> maturity = dayCounter.<a name="a24"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_day_counter.html#f45d6af610c92c3fa975077f081002e6" title="Returns the period between two dates as a fraction of year.">yearFraction</a>(settlementDate,
exerciseDate);
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">"option type = "</span> << type << std::endl;
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">"Time to maturity = "</span> << maturity
<< std::endl;
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">"Underlying price = "</span> << underlying
<< std::endl;
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">"Risk-free interest rate = "</span> << <a name="a25"></a><a class="code" href="group__manips.html#gc63ea3dad10259db3764c7d15a61cde5" title="output rates and spreads as percentages">io::rate</a>(riskFreeRate)
<< std::endl;
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">"Dividend yield = "</span> << <a class="code" href="group__manips.html#gc63ea3dad10259db3764c7d15a61cde5" title="output rates and spreads as percentages">io::rate</a>(dividendYield)
<< std::endl;
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">"Volatility = "</span> << <a class="code" href="group__manips.html#gc402ef7c87f63f7c603ee87210b5750c" title="output volatilities as percentages">io::volatility</a>(volatility)
<< std::endl;
std::cout << std::endl;
std::string method;
std::cout << std::endl ;
<span class="comment">// write column headings</span>
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gf38bdb4c54463b1f456655efa95b5c77" title="size of a container">Size</a> widths[] = { 35, 14, 14 };
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gf38bdb4c54463b1f456655efa95b5c77" title="size of a container">Size</a> totalWidth = widths[0] + widths[1] + widths[2];
std::string rule(totalWidth, <span class="charliteral">'-'</span>), dblrule(totalWidth, <span class="charliteral">'='</span>);
std::cout << dblrule << std::endl;
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">"Tsiveriotis-Fernandes method"</span> << std::endl;
std::cout << dblrule << std::endl;
std::cout << std::setw(widths[0]) << std::left << <span class="stringliteral">"Tree type"</span>
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << <span class="stringliteral">"European"</span>
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << <span class="stringliteral">"American"</span>
<< std::endl;
std::cout << rule << std::endl;
boost::shared_ptr<Exercise> exercise(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a26"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_european_exercise.html" title="European exercise.">EuropeanExercise</a>(exerciseDate));
boost::shared_ptr<Exercise> amExercise(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a27"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_american_exercise.html" title="American exercise.">AmericanExercise</a>(settlementDate,
exerciseDate));
<a name="_a28"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_handle.html" title="Shared handle to an observable.">Handle<Quote></a> underlyingH(
boost::shared_ptr<Quote>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a29"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_simple_quote.html" title="market element returning a stored value">SimpleQuote</a>(underlying)));
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_handle.html" title="Shared handle to an observable.">Handle<YieldTermStructure></a> flatTermStructure(
boost::shared_ptr<YieldTermStructure>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a30"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_flat_forward.html" title="Flat interest-rate curve.">FlatForward</a>(settlementDate, riskFreeRate, dayCounter)));
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_handle.html" title="Shared handle to an observable.">Handle<YieldTermStructure></a> flatDividendTS(
boost::shared_ptr<YieldTermStructure>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_flat_forward.html" title="Flat interest-rate curve.">FlatForward</a>(settlementDate, dividendYield, dayCounter)));
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_handle.html" title="Shared handle to an observable.">Handle<BlackVolTermStructure></a> flatVolTS(
boost::shared_ptr<BlackVolTermStructure>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a31"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_black_constant_vol.html" title="Constant Black volatility, no time-strike dependence.">BlackConstantVol</a>(settlementDate, calendar,
volatility, dayCounter)));
boost::shared_ptr<BlackScholesMertonProcess> stochasticProcess(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a32"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_black_scholes_merton_process.html" title="Merton (1973) extension to the Black-Scholes stochastic process.">BlackScholesMertonProcess</a>(underlyingH,
flatDividendTS,
flatTermStructure,
flatVolTS));
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gf38bdb4c54463b1f456655efa95b5c77" title="size of a container">Size</a> timeSteps = 801;
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_handle.html" title="Shared handle to an observable.">Handle<Quote></a> creditSpread(
boost::shared_ptr<Quote>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_simple_quote.html" title="market element returning a stored value">SimpleQuote</a>(spreadRate)));
boost::shared_ptr<Quote> <a class="code" href="group__manips.html#gc63ea3dad10259db3764c7d15a61cde5" title="output rates and spreads as percentages">rate</a>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_simple_quote.html" title="market element returning a stored value">SimpleQuote</a>(riskFreeRate));
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_handle.html" title="Shared handle to an observable.">Handle<YieldTermStructure></a> discountCurve(
boost::shared_ptr<YieldTermStructure>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_flat_forward.html" title="Flat interest-rate curve.">FlatForward</a>(today, <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_handle.html" title="Shared handle to an observable.">Handle<Quote></a>(<a class="code" href="group__manips.html#gc63ea3dad10259db3764c7d15a61cde5" title="output rates and spreads as percentages">rate</a>), dayCounter)));
boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine> engine(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a name="_a33"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<JarrowRudd></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps));
<a name="_a34"></a><a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_convertible_fixed_coupon_bond.html" title="convertible fixed-coupon bond">ConvertibleFixedCouponBond</a> europeanBond(
exercise, conversionRatio, dividends, callability,
creditSpread, issueDate, settlementDays,
coupons, bondDayCount, schedule, redemption);
europeanBond.setPricingEngine(engine);
<a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_convertible_fixed_coupon_bond.html" title="convertible fixed-coupon bond">ConvertibleFixedCouponBond</a> americanBond(
amExercise, conversionRatio, dividends, callability,
creditSpread, issueDate, settlementDays,
coupons, bondDayCount, schedule, redemption);
americanBond.setPricingEngine(engine);
method = <span class="stringliteral">"Jarrow-Rudd"</span>;
europeanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<JarrowRudd></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
americanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<JarrowRudd></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
std::cout << std::setw(widths[0]) << std::left << method
<< std::fixed
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << europeanBond.NPV()
<< std::setw(widths[2]) << std::left << americanBond.NPV()
<< std::endl;
method = <span class="stringliteral">"Cox-Ross-Rubinstein"</span>;
europeanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<CoxRossRubinstein></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
americanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<CoxRossRubinstein></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
std::cout << std::setw(widths[0]) << std::left << method
<< std::fixed
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << europeanBond.NPV()
<< std::setw(widths[2]) << std::left << americanBond.NPV()
<< std::endl;
method = <span class="stringliteral">"Additive equiprobabilities"</span>;
europeanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<AdditiveEQPBinomialTree></a>(
stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
americanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<AdditiveEQPBinomialTree></a>(
stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
std::cout << std::setw(widths[0]) << std::left << method
<< std::fixed
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << europeanBond.NPV()
<< std::setw(widths[2]) << std::left << americanBond.NPV()
<< std::endl;
method = <span class="stringliteral">"Trigeorgis"</span>;
europeanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<Trigeorgis></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
americanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<Trigeorgis></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
std::cout << std::setw(widths[0]) << std::left << method
<< std::fixed
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << europeanBond.NPV()
<< std::setw(widths[2]) << std::left << americanBond.NPV()
<< std::endl;
method = <span class="stringliteral">"Tian"</span>;
europeanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<Tian></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
americanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<Tian></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
std::cout << std::setw(widths[0]) << std::left << method
<< std::fixed
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << europeanBond.NPV()
<< std::setw(widths[2]) << std::left << americanBond.NPV()
<< std::endl;
method = <span class="stringliteral">"Leisen-Reimer"</span>;
europeanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<LeisenReimer></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
americanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<LeisenReimer></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
std::cout << std::setw(widths[0]) << std::left << method
<< std::fixed
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << europeanBond.NPV()
<< std::setw(widths[2]) << std::left << americanBond.NPV()
<< std::endl;
method = <span class="stringliteral">"Joshi"</span>;
europeanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<Joshi4></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
americanBond.setPricingEngine(boost::shared_ptr<PricingEngine>(
<span class="keyword">new</span> <a class="code" href="class_quant_lib_1_1_binomial_convertible_engine.html" title="Binomial Tsiveriotis-Fernandes engine for convertible bonds.">BinomialConvertibleEngine<Joshi4></a>(stochasticProcess,
timeSteps)));
std::cout << std::setw(widths[0]) << std::left << method
<< std::fixed
<< std::setw(widths[1]) << std::left << europeanBond.NPV()
<< std::setw(widths[2]) << std::left << americanBond.NPV()
<< std::endl;
std::cout << dblrule << std::endl;
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#g4bdf4bfe76b9ffa6fa64c47d8bfa0c78" title="real number">Real</a> seconds = timer.elapsed();
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gb9c87440c314438e51a899a03d2442d0" title="integer number">Integer</a> hours = int(seconds/3600);
seconds -= hours * 3600;
<a class="code" href="group__types.html#gb9c87440c314438e51a899a03d2442d0" title="integer number">Integer</a> minutes = int(seconds/60);
seconds -= minutes * 60;
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">" \nRun completed in "</span>;
<span class="keywordflow">if</span> (hours > 0)
std::cout << hours << <span class="stringliteral">" h "</span>;
<span class="keywordflow">if</span> (hours > 0 || minutes > 0)
std::cout << minutes << <span class="stringliteral">" m "</span>;
std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(0)
<< seconds << <span class="stringliteral">" s\n"</span> << std::endl;
<span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;
} <span class="keywordflow">catch</span> (std::exception& e) {
std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
<span class="keywordflow">return</span> 1;
} <span class="keywordflow">catch</span> (...) {
std::cout << <span class="stringliteral">"unknown error"</span> << std::endl;
<span class="keywordflow">return</span> 1;
}
}
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