this file documents the `quelcom tools': a set of commands to handle
`.wav' and `.mp3' files.

   permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

   permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
permission notice identical to this one.

   this file documents the `quelcom tools v0.4.0': a set of command
line tools to handle `.wav' and `.mp3' files.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
**************************

                         Version 2, June 1991

     Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
     
     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble
========

   The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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   When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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  1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
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                      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
=============================================

   If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.

   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

     ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
     Copyright (C) 19YY  NAME OF AUTHOR
     
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     modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
     as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
     of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
     
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   Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.

   If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
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     Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR
     Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
     type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome
     to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
     for details.

   The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.

   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

     Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
     interest in the program `Gnomovision'
     (which makes passes at compilers) written
     by James Hacker.
     
     SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
     Ty Coon, President of Vice

   This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.

1 introduction
**************

   `quelcom tools' is a set of command line tools to manipulate `.wav'
and `.mp3' files.

   with these tools you can do a set of operations (get info, join,
cut, delete fragments, detect silence, check, fade, ...) on maybe the
most popular sound file formats (wave and mpeg layer 3) without the
need of a grafical interface (xwindow) nor these or those grafical
libraries.

   since they are build as command line apps, they can be easily
included in scripts to do automatically some job.

   the `quelcom tools' package is written by david manye'
<dmanye@etse.urv.es> and you may find the package sources in
`http://www.etse.urv.es/~dmanye/quelcom/quelcom.html'.

2 installation
**************

2.1 requirements
================

   the `quelcom tools' package is being developed on an old intel p133
with suse linux 6.3. other configurations may work also.

   a c++ compiler is needed. currently are used gcc-2.95.2 and
egcs-2.91.66. you can get the compiler name and version issuing the
command `gcc --version'.

   and of course, you also need que `quelcom tools' package. you may
find it at http://www.etse.urv.es/~dmanye/quelcom/quelcom.html. using
the latest available version is recommended.

2.2 configuring and building
============================

  1. unpack the package with the command
     `tar xzf quelcom-0.4.0.tar.gz'. this creates a directory named
     `quelcom-0.4.0' and expands there all the files.

  2. get into the directory with `cd quelcom-0.4.0'

  3. if you want, you can take a look at the makefiles. then type
     `make' to build the sources. some compiler messages may appear,
     but it should compile successfully.

  4. once the package is successfully build, you can proceed to install
     it with `make install'.

     by default, the executables are installed under `/usr/local/bin',
     the libraries under `/usr/local/lib', the translation `.mo' files
     under `/usr/local/share/locale' and the info manual file under
     `/usr/local/info'.


   to activate the automatic translation to catalan or to spanish (the
only languages supported at this moment), it should be enough (if there
haven't been no problem until now), setting the environment variable
`LANG' this way (with `bash' shell): `export LANG=ca' or `export
LANG=es' respectively. otherwise, the messages will appear in english.

2.3 problems
============

   if you have problems configuring or building the package, or if you
find a bug in any of the tools, please update to the latest release. if
the problem remains, please send electronic mail to
`dmanye@etse.urv.es' including the version number and a detailed
description of the problem.

3 wav tools
***********

   tests has been done only with 44100 Hz 16 bit stereo files, though
it may work with mono/stereo 8/16 bits files.

   the tools to handle wav files are the following:

3.1 qwavcut
===========

   `qwavcut' extracts and/or deletes parts of a wav file

3.1.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qwavcut OPTION... FILE'

3.1.2 description
-----------------

   `qwavcut' allows to extract and/or delete a fragment of a wav file.
some parameters must be supplied in order to define the start/size/end
cut points and what to do then: either the fragment must be copied to
another file or erased from the file (or both)

3.1.3 general options
---------------------

`-d'
`--delete'
     deletes the fragment from the file. if option `--delete' is used,
     deletion is always done after fragment extraction.

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-o OUTFILE'
`--output=OUTFILE'
     OUTFILE is the name of the file where all the samples in the given
     fragment will be copied.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

3.1.4 cut options
-----------------

   cut options are used to specify where the fragment begins and ends.
there are two ways to do it: with time slices (easier) and with cut
points (more complex but also more powerful). cut options are mandatory
(which way is used is matter of your choice).

   if time slices are used, cut points options are automatically
ignored.

3.1.4.1 cut with time slices
............................

   there is only one option:

`-S TIMESLICE'
`--slice TIMESLICE'
     TIMESLICE (*note specifying time::.) specifies, in terms of time,
     where the cut begins and ends.

3.1.4.2 cut with cut points
...........................

   there are several options with cut points. cut points are used to
specify at which sample the fragment begins (`--begin' and `--Begin'),
ends (`--end' and `--End'), or which size it has (`--size'). at least,
one cut option must be specified (non specified options take its
default values). neither the options `--begin' and `--Begin', and the
options `--end' and `--End' can be used together; also, a begin, end
and size option cannot be used at the same time.

   by default, the fragment begins at the first sample and ends at the
last sample; there's no default value for size.

`-b CUTPOINT'
`--set-begin-from-eof=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the first sample of the
     file that belongs to the cut counting from the end of the file.

`-B CUTPOINT'
`--set-begin=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the first sample of the
     file that belongs to the cut counting from the beginning of the
     file.

`-e CUTPOINT'
`--set-end-from-eof=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the last sample of the
     file that belongs to the cut counting from the end of the file.

`-E CUTPOINT'
`--set-end=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the last sample of the
     file that belongs to the cut counting from the beginning of the
     file.

`-s CUTPOINT'
`--size=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the number of samples
     contained in the cut.

3.1.5 examples
--------------

  1. to get the last ten seconds of a file
          qwavcut -b 10s -o outfile.wav infile.wav

  2. four different ways to get the first minute of a file:
          qwavcut -S -1:0 -o outfile.wav infile.wav
          qwavcut -S -60 -o outfile.wav infile.wav
          qwavcut -E 1m -o outfile.wav infile.wav
          qwavcut -s 1m -o outfile.wav infile.wav

  3. four ways of getting the second quarter of a file:
          qwavcut -S 15:0-30:0 -o outfile.wav infile.wav
          qwavcut -B 15m -E 30m -o outfile.wav infile.wav
          qwavcut -s 15m -E 30m -o outfile.wav infile.wav
          qwavcut -B 15m -s 15m -o outfile.wav infile.wav


3.2 qwavfade
============

   `qwavfade' fade in/out wav files

3.2.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qwavfade OPTION... FILE...'

3.2.2 description
-----------------

   `qwavfade' modifies a wav file applying on it a fade in or a fade
out or both.

   a fade consists in modifying progressively the level of the wav as
if you were slowly increasing or decreasing the volume. a fade in
consists in increasing the volume starting from a low level at the
beginning of the wav. a fade out consists in decreasing the volume to a
low level at the end of the wav.

3.2.3 option list
-----------------

`-d CUTPOINT'
`--duration=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the duration of the fade.
     the default value is five seconds. this option overrides the
     `--length' option explained below.

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-i'
`--in'
     just fade in. don't fade out. by default, fade in and fade out.

`-l TIME'
`--length=TIME'
     TIME (*note specifying time::.) specifies the length(=duration) of
     the fade. this option is quite similar to the `--duration' option
     above. it's easier to use though not as powerful than the previous
     one. the default value is five seconds. this option overrides
     `--duration' option explained above.

`-o'
`--out'
     just fade out. don't fade in. by default, fade in and fade out.

`-t'
`--test'
     this option can be used to create and fade test files instead of
     modifying the original file. a test file will be created for each
     type of selected fade (in or out). the name of the test file will
     be `fadein.FILE' or `fadeout.FILE'. the duration of the test files
     is the fade duration plus five seconds.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     show more detailed info.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

3.2.4 example
-------------

   suppose you want to fade in and out the fantastic song
`live.in.concert.wav' using a fade duration of 3.5 seconds:

   first we are going to test:
     qwavfade --test --length 3.5 live.in.concert.wav

   hear the test fades:
     my-wav-player fadein.live.in.concert.wav fadeout.live.in.concert.wav

   if you want to try with another duration, jump to the first step and
change the `length'(or `--duration') argument.

   if you're happy with the tests (omit `--test'):
     qwavfade --length 3.5 live.in.concert.wav

3.2.5 notes
-----------

   `qwavfade' doesn't allow both types of fades (in and out) to
overlap. if you want to fade in and out a wav file, and the two regions
to fade overlap, then probably you made a mistake (maybe you selected a
too large fade). in any case, you'll have to fade separately.

3.3 qwavheaderdump
==================

   `qwavheaderdump' dumps (and fixes) wav headers

3.3.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qwavheaderdump OPTION... FILE...'

3.3.2 description
-----------------

   `qwavheaderdump' reads a list of wav files and prints on standard
output all its header values in text (no binary) form. also, it has
ability to fix some of the headers in case they'd be incorrect.

3.3.3 option list
-----------------

`-F'
`--fix'
     correct the header if there's any incorrect value. not all the
     fields are recoverable.

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-q'
`--quiet'
     no output messages. don't show detected (and corrected) errors.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

3.4 qwavinfo
============

   `qwavinfo' show info from wav files.

3.4.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qwavinfo OPTION... FILE...'

3.4.2 description
-----------------

   `qwavinfo' reads a list of wav files and prints on standard output
some of its parameters: sample rate, bits per sample, mono/stereo and
duration. a duration summary is appended at the end of the list.

3.4.3 option list
-----------------

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-s'
`--summary-only'
     show only the summary. do not show info from every file.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     show also the number of bytes and samples.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

3.5 qwavjoin
============

   `qwavjoin' joins wav files

3.5.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qwavjoin OPTION... FILE1 FILE2...'

3.5.2 description
-----------------

   `qwavjoin' reads a list of wav files and joins them in the specified
order in one wav file. the files must have the same parameters (i.e.
sampling rate, bytes per sample, ...) in order that the joining can be
done.

3.5.3 option list
-----------------

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-o OUTFILE'
`--output=OUTFILE'
     OUTFILE is the name of the file where all the samples will be
     copied. if this option is not used, the samples from the second to
     the last file of the list will be appended to FILE1.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     show which operations are done.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

3.6 qwavsilence
===============

   `qwavsilence' detects and shrinks silence sequences in wav files

3.6.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qwavsilence OPTION... FILE...'

3.6.2 description
-----------------

   `qwavsilence' reads a list of wav files looking for silence
sequences longer than a given value, possibly shrinking them.

3.6.3 option list
-----------------

`-d CUTPOINT'
`--duration=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the minimum duration of a
     silent sequence in a file to be reported. the default value is one
     second. this option overrides the option `--length' explained
     below.

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-l TIME'
`--length=TIME'
     TIME (*note specifying time::.) specifies the minimum
     length(=duration) of a silent sequence in a file to be reported.
     this option is quite similar to the `--duration' option above.
     it's easier to use though not as powerful than the previous one.
     the default value is one second. this option overrides the
     `--duration' option explained above.

`-S'
`--shrink'
     when this option is set, all the silent sequences greater than the
     value of the `--duration' option will be shrinked down to DURATION
     and the file size truncated accordingly.

`-t THRESHOLD'
`--threshold=THRESHOLD'
     THRESHOLD is a percentage value respect the maximum (absolute)
     sample value. samples whose value is under the given THRESHOLD are
     considered silent. for example, a value of 2 means that all
     samples with absolute value under the 2% will be treated as silent
     samples. the default value is 0.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     show also sample information.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

4 mp3 tools
***********

   tests have been done only with mpeg version 1 layer iii streams,
though it may (or not) work with other versions or layers.

   the tools to handle mp3 files are the following:

4.1 qmp3check
=============

   `qmp3check' checks and cleans mp3 streams

4.1.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qmp3check OPTION... FILE...'

4.1.2 description
-----------------

   `qmp3check' reads mp3 streams looking for invalid frames or, simply,
garbage. it can be used as a mp3 file checker but also as a mp3 file
cleaner because it is able to strip garbage bits from the streams.

4.1.3 option list
-----------------

`-D'
`--delete'
     delete invalid frames and garbage. use with care

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-q'
`--quiet'
     no output messages

`-T'
`--delete-tag'
     delete tag (if exists). option `--delete' must be set.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     show more detailed info

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

4.2 qmp3cut
===========

   `qmp3cut' extracts and/or deletes parts of a mp3 file

4.2.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qmp3cut OPTION... FILE'

4.2.2 description
-----------------

   `qmp3cut' allows to extract and/or delete a fragment of a mp3 file.
some parameters must be supplied in order to define the start/size/end
cut points and what to do then: either the fragment must be copied to
another file or erased from the file (or both)

4.2.3 general options
---------------------

`-d'
`--delete'
     deletes the fragment from the file. if option `--output' is used,
     deletion is always done after fragment extraction.

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-o OUTFILE'
`--output=OUTFILE'
     OUTFILE is the name of the file where all the frames in the given
     fragment will be copied.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     verbose

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

4.2.4 cut options
-----------------

   cut options are used to specify where the fragment begins and ends.
there are two ways to do it: with time slices (easier) and with cut
points (more complex but also more powerful). cut options are mandatory
(which way is used is matter of your choice).

   if time slices are used, cut points options are automatically
ignored.

4.2.4.1 cut with time slices
............................

   there is only one option:

`-S TIMESLICE'
`--slice TIMESLICE'
     TIMESLICE (*note specifying time::.) specifies, in terms of time,
     where the cut begins and ends.

4.2.4.2 cut with cut points
...........................

   there are several options with cut points. cut points are used to
specify at which frame the fragment begins (`--begin' and `--Begin'),
ends (`--end' and `--End'), or which size it has (`--size'). at least,
one cut option must be specified (non specified options take its
default values). neither the options `--begin' and `--Begin', and the
options `--end' and `--End' can be used together; also, a begin, end
and size option cannot be used at the same time.

   by default, the fragment begins at the first frame and ends at the
last frame; there's no default value for size.

`-b CUTPOINT'
`--set-begin-from-eof=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the first frame of the
     file that belongs to the cut counting from the end of the file.

`-B CUTPOINT'
`--set-begin=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the first frame of the
     file that belongs to the cut counting from the beginning of the
     file.

`-e CUTPOINT'
`--set-end-from-eof=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the last frame of the
     file that belongs to the cut counting from the end of the file.

`-E CUTPOINT'
`--set-end=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the last frame of the
     file that belongs to the cut counting from the beginning of the
     file.

`-s CUTPOINT'
`--size=CUTPOINT'
     CUTPOINT (*note cut points::.) specifies the number of frames
     contained in the cut.

4.2.5 examples
--------------

  1. to get the last ten seconds of a file
          qmp3cut -b 10s -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3

  2. four different ways to get the first minute of a file:
          qmp3cut -S -1:0 -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3
          qmp3cut -S -60 -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3
          qmp3cut -E 1m -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3
          qmp3cut -s 1m -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3

  3. four ways of getting the second quarter of a file:
          qmp3cut -S 15:0-30:0 -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3
          qmp3cut -B 15m -E 30m -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3
          qmp3cut -s 15m -E 30m -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3
          qmp3cut -B 15m -s 15m -o outfile.mp3 infile.mp3


4.3 qmp3info
============

   `qmp3info' show info from mp3 files.

4.3.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qmp3info OPTION... FILE...'

4.3.2 description
-----------------

   `qmp3info' reads a list of mp3 files and prints on standard output
some of its parameters: version, layer, sample rate, bit rate, duration
and tag. a duration summary is appended at the end of the list.

4.3.3 option list
-----------------

`-c'
`--check'
     check the entire stream (slower but accurate). all the frames of
     the stream are read and the total duration is exactly computed.
     this option is automatically activated if the stream appears to be
     vbr (have different bit rate frames).

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-s'
`--summary-only'
     show only the summary. do not show info from every file.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     show also the number of bytes and frames.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

4.3.4 bugs
----------

   variable bit rate (vbr) streams are detected by reading the initial
5 frames in the stream. if their bit rate field differs, the `--check'
option is activated automatically.  if vbr is not detected, `qmp3info'
reads only the first frame in the stream and calculates the duration
supposing that (1) the entire stream is composed by valid frames and
(2) all the frames have the same bit rate. this is a fast way to
compute the duration of the stream, but it is not exact: there's an
error of 0.3% aprox. if you want to be accurate, or `qmp3info' is
unable to detect a vbr stream, use `--check'.

4.4 qmp3join
============

   `qmp3join' joins mp3 files

4.4.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qmp3join OPTION... FILE1 FILE2...'

4.4.2 description
-----------------

   `qmp3join' reads a list of mp3 files and joins them in one mp3 file
in the specified order. some conditions must be met for the parameters
of each of the files (see the notes subsection below).

4.4.3 option list
-----------------

`-f'
`--force'
     force join bypassing bit rate checks. by default, to join two
     files they must be both vbr (have variable bit rate) or have the
     same bit rate. using this option you can skip this check.

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-o OUTFILE'
`--output=OUTFILE'
     OUTFILE is the name of the file where all the frames will be
     copied. if this option is not used, the frames from the second to
     the last file of the list will be appended to FILE1.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     show which operations are done.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

4.4.4 notes
-----------

   both mp3 must have the same bit rate or (both) must have a variable
bit rate. this restriction can be by-passed with the `--force' flag.

   before joining, all the streams are tested for validity. this is a
time consuming operation. if the streams are not found clean, the join
operation is aborted, so if you want to join dirty streams or simply
qmp3join detects a clean stream as dirty, please report this as a bug
and/or use `cat'.

   due to the mp3 file format characteristics, `qmp3join' can be viewed
like a better but restrictive `cat' for mp3 files.

4.5 qmp3report
==============

   `qmp3report' reports mp3 files and directories

4.5.1 synopsis
--------------

   `qmp3report OPTION... FILE...'

4.5.2 description
-----------------

   `qmp3report' reads mp3 files or directories containing mp3 files and
gives information about them. `qmp3report' can output the reports with
plain text or in html format. using the latter format, you can navigate
your mp3 directories with a web browser.

4.5.3 option list
-----------------

`-a'
`--all-files'
     report all files, not just files with suffix `.mp3'.

`-A'
`--show-all'
     implies `--dirs', `--files' and `--summary'. show report for files
     and directories and a summary report.

`-d'
`--dirs'
     show a report for every directory containing reported
     files/directories. note that if option `--all-files' is not set,
     only will be reported those directories containing mp3 files.

`-f'
`--files'
     show a report for every reportable file (see also `--all-files').

`-h'
`--help'
     show a brief help and exit.

`-H'
`--html'
     output in html format (default is plain text).

`-r'
`--recursive'
     scan directories.

`-s'
`--summary'
     show a summary report.

`-S'
`--split'
     split report across visited directories. `qmp3report' leaves in
     each visited directory a file with the report for that directory,
     independently of the output format. the name of the report file is
     the name of the directory with extension `.txt' or `.html'
     depending on the selected output format.

`-v'
`--verbose'
     show more detailed info.

`-V'
`--version'
     show version and exit.

4.5.4 bugs
----------

   variable bit rate (vbr) streams are detected by reading the initial
5 frames in the stream. if their bit rate field differs, the entire
stream is read to compute the duration time with accuracy (*note
qmp3info::.).

   if vbr is not detected, `qmp3report' reads only the first frame in
the stream and calculates the duration supposing that (1) the entire
stream is composed by valid frames and (2) all the frames have the same
bit rate. this is a fast way to compute the duration of the stream, but
it is not exact: there's an error of 0.3% aprox.

   the htmlize function, which converts file names in a suitable form
for html format (ie. replacing blanks with '%20'), is not bulletproof.

Appendix A cut points
*********************

   cut points are used to specify point in a sound file. they can also
be used to speciy a size or a time duration using the beginning of the
file as start reference. a cut point has the following form:

   VALUE[FORMAT]

   in all cases, a positive integer VALUE is required. the wav tools
treat this number as a number of samples, whereas the mp3 tools treat
this number as a number of frames. since most of the times is hard to
specify a point (or size, or duration) in a file in terms of samples or
frames, some modifiers are accepted. these modifiers consist in a
single letter that must be written behind the number without leaving
any blank.

A.1 cut points modifiers
========================

   these are the valid modifiers and how they modify the interpretation
of VALUE:

`j'
     milliseconds

`s'
     seconds

`m'
     minutes

`b'
     bytes

`k'
     kbytes (1024 bytes)

`M'
     megabytes (1024 kbytes)

   in either case, the given values will be rounded to an integer
number of samples/frames.

Appendix B specifying time
**************************

   time specifiers are a easier (more human) way than cut options to
specify points in a file.

   a time specifier has the following form:

   	[[H:]M:]S[.MS]

   where:

`H'
     hours

`M'
     minutes

`S'
     seconds

`MS'
     milliseconds

   as you can see, time specifiers are easier to use but less powerful
than cut options (which can also specify a point in a file in terms of
bytes or frames/samples).

B.1 time slices
===============

   time slices are composed by two time specifiers designing a range
(slice) of time:

   BEGIN-END

   where BEGIN and END are time specifiers. they can be not specified,
meaning, respectively, the beginning and the end of the file.