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<body>
<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Benchmark</h1>
<h4 class="author"><em>Michel Lang</em></h4>
<h4 class="date"><em>2018-05-14</em></h4>
<p>This small benchmark compares the performance of the base64 encoding/decoding in package <code>base64url</code> with the implementations in the packages <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=base64enc"><code>base64enc</code></a> and <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=openssl"><code>openssl</code></a>.</p>
<div id="encoding-of-a-single-string" class="section level2">
<h2>Encoding of a single string</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">library</span>(base64url)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">library</span>(base64enc)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="kw">library</span>(openssl)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="kw">library</span>(microbenchmark)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-5" data-line-number="5"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-6" data-line-number="6">x =<span class="st"> "plain text"</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="kw">microbenchmark</span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-8" data-line-number="8"> <span class="dt">base64url =</span> <span class="kw">base64_urlencode</span>(x),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-9" data-line-number="9"> <span class="dt">base64enc =</span> <span class="kw">base64encode</span>(<span class="kw">charToRaw</span>(x)),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-10" data-line-number="10"> <span class="dt">openssl =</span> <span class="kw">base64_encode</span>(x)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-11" data-line-number="11">)</a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## Unit: nanoseconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max neval
## base64url 408 461.5 853.52 698.0 782.5 20430 100
## base64enc 1199 1367.0 3114.89 1865.0 1983.5 139937 100
## openssl 13188 13536.0 15256.11 13749.5 14081.5 135871 100</code></pre>
</div>
<div id="decoding-of-a-single-string" class="section level2">
<h2>Decoding of a single string</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" data-line-number="1">x =<span class="st"> "N0JBLlRaUTp1bi5KOW4xWStNWEJoLHRQaDZ3"</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">microbenchmark</span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-3" data-line-number="3"> <span class="dt">base64url =</span> <span class="kw">base64_urldecode</span>(x),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-4" data-line-number="4"> <span class="dt">base64enc =</span> <span class="kw">rawToChar</span>(<span class="kw">base64decode</span>(x)),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-5" data-line-number="5"> <span class="dt">openssl =</span> <span class="kw">rawToChar</span>(<span class="kw">base64_decode</span>(x))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-6" data-line-number="6">)</a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## Unit: nanoseconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max neval
## base64url 423 485.0 1104.57 655.5 923 40442 100
## base64enc 1504 1681.5 2879.92 2225.5 2546 76432 100
## openssl 19066 19643.0 21264.27 19915.5 20281 119636 100</code></pre>
</div>
<div id="encoding-and-decoding-of-character-vectors" class="section level2">
<h2>Encoding and decoding of character vectors</h2>
<p>Here, the task has changed from encoding/decoding a single string to processing multiple strings stored inside a character vector. First, we create a small utility function which returns <code>n</code> random strings with a random number of characters (between 1 and 32) each.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-1" data-line-number="1">rand =<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">function</span>(n, <span class="dt">min =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dt">max =</span> <span class="dv">32</span>) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-2" data-line-number="2"> chars =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">c</span>(letters, LETTERS, <span class="kw">as.character</span>(<span class="dv">0</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="dv">9</span>), <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"."</span>, <span class="st">":"</span>, <span class="st">","</span>, <span class="st">"+"</span>, <span class="st">"-"</span>, <span class="st">"*"</span>, <span class="st">"/"</span>))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-3" data-line-number="3"> <span class="kw">replicate</span>(n, <span class="kw">paste0</span>(<span class="kw">sample</span>(chars, <span class="kw">sample</span>(min<span class="op">:</span>max, <span class="dv">1</span>), <span class="dt">replace =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>), <span class="dt">collapse =</span> <span class="st">""</span>))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-4" data-line-number="4">}</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="kw">set.seed</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="kw">rand</span>(<span class="dv">10</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## [1] "zN.n9+TRe" "mVA1IX/"
## [3] "1,oSisAaA8xHP" "m5U2hXC4S2MK2bGY"
## [5] "G7EqegvJTC.uFwSrH0f8x5x" "G97A1-DXBw0"
## [7] "XiqjqeS" "13FC3PTys/RoiG:P*YyDkaXhES/IH"
## [9] "0FJopP" "fcS,PMK*JVPqrYFmZh7"</code></pre>
<p>Only <code>base64url</code> is vectorized for string input, the alternative implementations need wrappers to process character vectors:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-1" data-line-number="1">base64enc_encode =<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">function</span>(x) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-2" data-line-number="2"> <span class="kw">vapply</span>(x, <span class="cf">function</span>(x) <span class="kw">base64encode</span>(<span class="kw">charToRaw</span>(x)), <span class="ot">NA_character_</span>, <span class="dt">USE.NAMES =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-3" data-line-number="3">}</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-4" data-line-number="4"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-5" data-line-number="5">openssl_encode =<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">function</span>(x) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-6" data-line-number="6"> <span class="kw">vapply</span>(x, <span class="cf">function</span>(x) <span class="kw">base64_encode</span>(x), <span class="ot">NA_character_</span>, <span class="dt">USE.NAMES =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-7" data-line-number="7">}</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-8" data-line-number="8"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-9" data-line-number="9">base64enc_decode =<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">function</span>(x) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-10" data-line-number="10"> <span class="kw">vapply</span>(x, <span class="cf">function</span>(x) <span class="kw">rawToChar</span>(<span class="kw">base64decode</span>(x)), <span class="ot">NA_character_</span>, <span class="dt">USE.NAMES =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-11" data-line-number="11">}</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-12" data-line-number="12"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-13" data-line-number="13">openssl_decode =<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">function</span>(x) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-14" data-line-number="14"> <span class="kw">vapply</span>(x, <span class="cf">function</span>(x) <span class="kw">rawToChar</span>(<span class="kw">base64_decode</span>(x)), <span class="ot">NA_character_</span>, <span class="dt">USE.NAMES =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-15" data-line-number="15">}</a></code></pre></div>
<p>The following benchmark measures the runtime to encode 1000 random strings and then decode them again:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">set.seed</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-2" data-line-number="2">x =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rand</span>(<span class="dv">1000</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="kw">microbenchmark</span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-4" data-line-number="4"> <span class="dt">base64url =</span> <span class="kw">base64_urldecode</span>(<span class="kw">base64_urlencode</span>(x)),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-5" data-line-number="5"> <span class="dt">base64enc =</span> <span class="kw">base64enc_decode</span>(<span class="kw">base64enc_encode</span>(x)),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-6" data-line-number="6"> <span class="dt">openssl =</span> <span class="kw">openssl_decode</span>(<span class="kw">openssl_encode</span>(x))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-7" data-line-number="7">)</a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## Unit: microseconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max
## base64url 214.031 222.0655 270.415 260.3725 311.967 441.127
## base64enc 3613.444 3974.8940 4228.395 4058.2495 4157.485 11094.540
## openssl 34166.572 35453.3810 36002.175 35794.9835 36349.533 42507.878
## neval
## 100
## 100
## 100</code></pre>
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