#' @export
#' @rdname ggsf
#' @usage NULL
#' @format NULL
CoordSf <- ggproto("CoordSf", CoordCartesian,

  # Find the first CRS if not already supplied
  setup_params = function(self, data) {
    if (!is.null(self$crs)) {
      return(list(crs = self$crs))
    }

    for (layer_data in data) {
      if (is_sf(layer_data)) {
        geometry <- sf::st_geometry(layer_data)
      } else
        next

      crs <- sf::st_crs(geometry)
      if (is.na(crs))
        next

      return(list(crs = crs))
    }

    list(crs = NULL)
  },

  # Transform all layers to common CRS (if provided)
  setup_data = function(data, params) {
    if (is.null(params$crs))
      return(data)

    lapply(data, function(layer_data) {
      if (! is_sf(layer_data)) {
        return(layer_data)
      }

      sf::st_transform(layer_data, params$crs)
    })
  },

  transform = function(self, data, panel_params) {
    data[[ geom_column(data) ]] <- sf_rescale01(
      data[[ geom_column(data) ]],
      panel_params$x_range,
      panel_params$y_range
    )

    # Assume x and y supplied directly already in common CRS
    data <- transform_position(
      data,
      function(x) sf_rescale01_x(x, panel_params$x_range),
      function(x) sf_rescale01_x(x, panel_params$y_range)
    )

    transform_position(data, squish_infinite, squish_infinite)
  },


  # internal function used by setup_panel_params,
  # overrides the graticule labels based on scale settings if necessary
  fixup_graticule_labels = function(self, graticule, scale_x, scale_y, params = list()) {
    needs_parsing <- rep(FALSE, nrow(graticule))
    needs_autoparsing <- rep(FALSE, nrow(graticule))

    x_breaks <- graticule$degree[graticule$type == "E"]
    if (is.null(scale_x$labels)) {
      x_labels <- rep(NA, length(x_breaks))
    } else if (is.waive(scale_x$labels)) {
      x_labels <- graticule$degree_label[graticule$type == "E"]
      needs_autoparsing[graticule$type == "E"] <- TRUE
    } else {
      if (is.function(scale_x$labels)) {
        x_labels <- scale_x$labels(x_breaks)
      } else {
        x_labels <- scale_x$labels
      }

      # all labels need to be temporarily stored as character vectors,
      # but expressions need to be parsed afterwards
      needs_parsing[graticule$type == "E"] <- !(is.character(x_labels) || is.factor(x_labels))
      x_labels <- as.character(x_labels)
    }

    if (length(x_labels) != length(x_breaks)) {
      abort("Breaks and labels along x direction are different lengths")
    }
    graticule$degree_label[graticule$type == "E"] <- x_labels


    y_breaks <- graticule$degree[graticule$type == "N"]
    if (is.null(scale_y$labels)) {
      y_labels <- rep(NA, length(y_breaks))
    } else if (is.waive(scale_y$labels)) {
      y_labels <- graticule$degree_label[graticule$type == "N"]
      needs_autoparsing[graticule$type == "N"] <- TRUE
    } else {
      if (is.function(scale_y$labels)) {
        y_labels <- scale_y$labels(y_breaks)
      } else {
        y_labels <- scale_y$labels
      }

      # all labels need to be temporarily stored as character vectors,
      # but expressions need to be parsed afterwards
      needs_parsing[graticule$type == "N"] <- !(is.character(y_labels) || is.factor(y_labels))
      y_labels <- as.character(y_labels)
    }

    if (length(y_labels) != length(y_breaks)) {
      abort("Breaks and labels along y direction are different lengths")
    }
    graticule$degree_label[graticule$type == "N"] <- y_labels

    # Parse labels if requested/needed
    has_degree <- grepl("\\bdegree\\b", graticule$degree_label)
    needs_parsing <- needs_parsing | (needs_autoparsing & has_degree)
    if (any(needs_parsing)) {
      labels <- as.list(graticule$degree_label)
      labels[needs_parsing] <- parse_safe(graticule$degree_label[needs_parsing])
      graticule$degree_label <- labels
    }

    graticule
  },

  setup_panel_params = function(self, scale_x, scale_y, params = list()) {
    # Bounding box of the data
    expansion_x <- default_expansion(scale_x, expand = self$expand)
    x_range <- expand_limits_scale(scale_x, expansion_x, coord_limits = self$limits$x)
    expansion_y <- default_expansion(scale_y, expand = self$expand)
    y_range <- expand_limits_scale(scale_y, expansion_y, coord_limits = self$limits$y)
    bbox <- c(
      x_range[1], y_range[1],
      x_range[2], y_range[2]
    )

    # Generate graticule and rescale to plot coords
    graticule <- sf::st_graticule(
      bbox,
      crs = params$crs,
      lat = scale_y$breaks %|W|% NULL,
      lon = scale_x$breaks %|W|% NULL,
      datum = self$datum,
      ndiscr = self$ndiscr
    )

    # override graticule labels provided by sf::st_graticule() if necessary
    graticule <- self$fixup_graticule_labels(graticule, scale_x, scale_y, params)

    sf::st_geometry(graticule) <- sf_rescale01(sf::st_geometry(graticule), x_range, y_range)
    graticule$x_start <- sf_rescale01_x(graticule$x_start, x_range)
    graticule$x_end <- sf_rescale01_x(graticule$x_end, x_range)
    graticule$y_start <- sf_rescale01_x(graticule$y_start, y_range)
    graticule$y_end <- sf_rescale01_x(graticule$y_end, y_range)

    list(
      x_range = x_range,
      y_range = y_range,
      graticule = graticule,
      crs = params$crs,
      label_axes = self$label_axes,
      label_graticule = self$label_graticule
    )
  },

  backtransform_range = function(panel_params) {
    # this does not actually return backtransformed ranges in the general case, needs fixing
    warn("range backtransformation not implemented in this coord; results may be wrong.")
    list(x = panel_params$x_range, y = panel_params$y_range)
  },

  range = function(panel_params) {
    list(x = panel_params$x_range, y = panel_params$y_range)
  },


  # CoordSf enforces a fixed aspect ratio -> axes cannot be changed freely under faceting
  is_free = function() FALSE,

  aspect = function(self, panel_params) {
    if (isTRUE(sf::st_is_longlat(panel_params$crs))) {
      # Contributed by @edzer
      mid_y <- mean(panel_params$y_range)
      ratio <- cos(mid_y * pi / 180)
    } else {
      # Assume already projected
      ratio <- 1
    }

    diff(panel_params$y_range) / diff(panel_params$x_range) / ratio
  },

  labels = function(labels, panel_params) labels,

  render_bg = function(self, panel_params, theme) {
    el <- calc_element("panel.grid.major", theme)

    # we don't draw the graticules if the major panel grid is
    # turned off
    if (inherits(el, "element_blank")) {
      grobs <- list(element_render(theme, "panel.background"))
    } else {
      line_gp <- gpar(
        col = el$colour,
        lwd = len0_null(el$size*.pt),
        lty = el$linetype
      )
      grobs <- c(
        list(element_render(theme, "panel.background")),
        lapply(sf::st_geometry(panel_params$graticule), sf::st_as_grob, gp = line_gp)
      )
    }
    ggname("grill", do.call("grobTree", grobs))
  },

  render_axis_h = function(self, panel_params, theme) {
    graticule <- panel_params$graticule

    # top axis
    id1 <- id2 <- integer(0)
    # labels based on panel side
    id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == panel_params$label_axes$top & graticule$y_start > 0.999))
    id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == panel_params$label_axes$top & graticule$y_end > 0.999))

    # labels based on graticule direction
    if ("S" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == "E" & graticule$y_start > 0.999))
    }
    if ("N" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == "E" & graticule$y_end > 0.999))
    }
    if ("W" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == "N" & graticule$y_start > 0.999))
    }
    if ("E" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == "N" & graticule$y_end > 0.999))
    }

    ticks1 <- graticule[unique(id1), ]
    ticks2 <- graticule[unique(id2), ]
    tick_positions <- c(ticks1$x_start, ticks2$x_end)
    tick_labels <- c(ticks1$degree_label, ticks2$degree_label)

    if (length(tick_positions) > 0) {
      top <- draw_axis(
        tick_positions,
        tick_labels,
        axis_position = "top",
        theme = theme
      )
    } else {
      top <- zeroGrob()
    }

    # bottom axis
    id1 <- id2 <- integer(0)
    # labels based on panel side
    id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == panel_params$label_axes$bottom & graticule$y_start < 0.001))
    id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == panel_params$label_axes$bottom & graticule$y_end < 0.001))

    # labels based on graticule direction
    if ("S" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == "E" & graticule$y_start < 0.001))
    }
    if ("N" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == "E" & graticule$y_end < 0.001))
    }
    if ("W" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == "N" & graticule$y_start < 0.001))
    }
    if ("E" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == "N" & graticule$y_end < 0.001))
    }

    ticks1 <- graticule[unique(id1), ]
    ticks2 <- graticule[unique(id2), ]
    tick_positions <- c(ticks1$x_start, ticks2$x_end)
    tick_labels <- c(ticks1$degree_label, ticks2$degree_label)

    if (length(tick_positions) > 0) {
      bottom <- draw_axis(
        tick_positions,
        tick_labels,
        axis_position = "bottom",
        theme = theme
      )
    } else {
      bottom <- zeroGrob()
    }

    list(top = top, bottom = bottom)
  },

  render_axis_v = function(self, panel_params, theme) {
    graticule <- panel_params$graticule

    # right axis
    id1 <- id2 <- integer(0)
    # labels based on panel side
    id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == panel_params$label_axes$right & graticule$x_end > 0.999))
    id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == panel_params$label_axes$right & graticule$x_start > 0.999))

    # labels based on graticule direction
    if ("N" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == "E" & graticule$x_end > 0.999))
    }
    if ("S" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == "E" & graticule$x_start > 0.999))
    }
    if ("E" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == "N" & graticule$x_end > 0.999))
    }
    if ("W" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == "N" & graticule$x_start > 0.999))
    }

    ticks1 <- graticule[unique(id1), ]
    ticks2 <- graticule[unique(id2), ]
    tick_positions <- c(ticks1$y_end, ticks2$y_start)
    tick_labels <- c(ticks1$degree_label, ticks2$degree_label)

    if (length(tick_positions) > 0) {
      right <- draw_axis(
        tick_positions,
        tick_labels,
        axis_position = "right",
        theme = theme
      )
    } else {
      right <- zeroGrob()
    }

    # left axis
    id1 <- id2 <- integer(0)
    # labels based on panel side
    id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == panel_params$label_axes$left & graticule$x_end < 0.001))
    id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == panel_params$label_axes$left & graticule$x_start < 0.001))

    # labels based on graticule direction
    if ("N" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == "E" & graticule$x_end < 0.001))
    }
    if ("S" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == "E" & graticule$x_start < 0.001))
    }
    if ("E" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id1 <- c(id1, which(graticule$type == "N" & graticule$x_end < 0.001))
    }
    if ("W" %in% panel_params$label_graticule) {
      id2 <- c(id2, which(graticule$type == "N" & graticule$x_start < 0.001))
    }

    ticks1 <- graticule[unique(id1), ]
    ticks2 <- graticule[unique(id2), ]
    tick_positions <- c(ticks1$y_end, ticks2$y_start)
    tick_labels <- c(ticks1$degree_label, ticks2$degree_label)

    if (length(tick_positions) > 0) {
      left <- draw_axis(
        tick_positions,
        tick_labels,
        axis_position = "left",
        theme = theme
      )
    } else {
      left <- zeroGrob()
    }

    list(left = left, right = right)
  }
)

sf_rescale01 <- function(x, x_range, y_range) {
  if (is.null(x)) {
    return(x)
  }

  sf::st_normalize(x, c(x_range[1], y_range[1], x_range[2], y_range[2]))
}
sf_rescale01_x <- function(x, range) {
  (x - range[1]) / diff(range)
}


#' @param crs Use this to select a specific coordinate reference system (CRS).
#'   If not specified, will use the CRS defined in the first layer.
#' @param datum CRS that provides datum to use when generating graticules
#' @param label_axes Character vector or named list of character values
#'   specifying which graticule lines (meridians or parallels) should be labeled on
#'   which side of the plot. Meridians are indicated by `"E"` (for East) and
#'   parallels by `"N"` (for North). Default is `"--EN"`, which specifies
#'   (clockwise from the top) no labels on the top, none on the right, meridians
#'   on the bottom, and parallels on the left. Alternatively, this setting could have been
#'   specified with `list(bottom = "E", left = "N")`.
#'
#'   This parameter can be used alone or in combination with `label_graticule`.
#' @param label_graticule Character vector indicating which graticule lines should be labeled
#'   where. Meridians run north-south, and the letters `"N"` and `"S"` indicate that
#'   they should be labeled on their north or south end points, respectively.
#'   Parallels run east-west, and the letters `"E"` and `"W"` indicate that they
#'   should be labeled on their east or west end points, respectively. Thus,
#'   `label_graticule = "SW"` would label meridians at their south end and parallels at
#'   their west end, whereas `label_graticule = "EW"` would label parallels at both
#'   ends and meridians not at all. Because meridians and parallels can in general
#'   intersect with any side of the plot panel, for any choice of `label_graticule` labels
#'   are not guaranteed to reside on only one particular side of the plot panel. Also,
#'   `label_graticule` can cause labeling artifacts, in particular if a graticule line
#'   coincides with the edge of the plot panel. In such circumstances, `label_axes` will
#'   generally yield better results and should be used instead.
#'
#'   This parameter can be used alone or in combination with `label_axes`.
#' @param ndiscr number of segments to use for discretising graticule lines;
#'   try increasing this when graticules look unexpected
#' @inheritParams coord_cartesian
#' @export
#' @rdname ggsf
coord_sf <- function(xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, expand = TRUE,
                     crs = NULL, datum = sf::st_crs(4326),
                     label_graticule = waiver(),
                     label_axes = waiver(),
                     ndiscr = 100, default = FALSE, clip = "on") {

  if (is.waive(label_graticule) && is.waive(label_axes)) {
    # if both `label_graticule` and `label_axes` are set to waive then we
    # use the default of labels on the left and at the bottom
    label_graticule <- ""
    label_axes <- "--EN"
  } else {
    # if at least one is set we ignore the other
    label_graticule <- label_graticule %|W|% ""
    label_axes <- label_axes %|W|% ""
  }

  if (is.character(label_axes)) {
    label_axes <- parse_axes_labeling(label_axes)
  } else if (!is.list(label_axes)) {
    abort("Panel labeling format not recognized.")
    label_axes <- list(left = "N", bottom = "E")
  }

  if (is.character(label_graticule)) {
    label_graticule <- unlist(strsplit(label_graticule, ""))
  } else {
    abort("Graticule labeling format not recognized.")
    label_graticule <- ""
  }

  ggproto(NULL, CoordSf,
    limits = list(x = xlim, y = ylim),
    datum = datum,
    crs = crs,
    label_axes = label_axes,
    label_graticule = label_graticule,
    ndiscr = ndiscr,
    expand = expand,
    default = default,
    clip = clip
  )
}

parse_axes_labeling <- function(x) {
  labs = unlist(strsplit(x, ""))
  list(top = labs[1], right = labs[2], bottom = labs[3], left = labs[4])
}