1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
|
\name{pwt8.0}
\alias{pwt8.0}
\title{Penn World Table 8.0}
\description{
Relative levels of income, output, inputs, productivity for
167 countries between 1950 and 2011 (base year: 2005).
}
\usage{data("pwt8.0")}
\format{A data frame with 10,354 observations of 39 variables.
\describe{
\item{country}{factor with country name.}
\item{isocode}{factor with ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code.}
\item{year}{year.}
\item{currency}{factor with national currency unit.}
\item{rgdpe}{Expenditure-side real GDP at chained PPPs
(in million 2005 USD).}
\item{rgdpo}{Output-side real GDP at chained PPPs (in million 2005 USD).}
\item{pop}{Population (in millions).}
\item{emp}{Number of persons engaged (in millions).}
\item{avh}{Average annual hours worked by persons engaged.}
\item{hc}{Index of human capital per person, based on years of schooling
(Barro and Lee 2013) and returns to education (Psacharopoulos 1994).}
\item{cgdpe}{Expenditure-side real GDP at current PPPs
(in million 2005 USD).}
\item{cgdpo}{Output-side GDP at current PPPs (in million 2005 USD).}
\item{ck}{Capital stock at current PPPs (in million 2005 USD).}
\item{ctfp}{TFP level at current PPPs (USA = 1).}
\item{rgdpna}{Real GDP at constant 2005 national prices
(in million 2005 USD).}
\item{rkna}{Capital stock at constant 2005 national prices
(in million 2005 USD).}
\item{rtfpna}{TFP at constant national prices (2005 = 1).}
\item{labsh}{Share of labour compensation in GDP at current
national prices.}
\item{xr}{Exchange rate, national currency/USD (market and estimated).}
\item{pl_gdpe}{Price level of CGDPe (PPP/XR,
price level of USA GDPo in 2005 = 1).}
\item{pl_gdpo}{Price level of CGDPo (PPP/XR,
price level of USA GDPo in 2005 = 1).}
\item{i_cig}{Factor. indicating whether relative price data for consumption,
investment, and government is extrapolated, benchmark, or interpolated.}
\item{i_xm}{Factor indicating whether relative price data for exports and
imports is extrapolated, benchmark, or interpolated.}
\item{i_xr}{Factor indicating whether the exchange rate is
market-based or estimated.}
\item{i_outlier}{Factor indicating whether the observation on \code{pl_gdpe}
or \code{pl_gdpo} is an outlier or not.}
\item{cor_exp}{Correlation between expenditure shares of the country
and the US (benchmark observations only).}
\item{statcap}{Statistical capacity indicator
(source: World Bank, developing countries only).}
\item{csh_c}{Share of household consumption at current PPPs.}
\item{csh_i}{Share of gross capital formation at current PPPs.}
\item{csh_g}{Share of government consumption at current PPPs.}
\item{csh_x}{Share of merchandise exports at current PPPs.}
\item{csh_m}{Share of merchandise imports at current PPPs.}
\item{csh_r}{Share of residual trade and GDP statistical discrepancy
at current PPPs.}
\item{pl_c}{Price level of household consumption (price level of
USA GDPo in 2005 = 1).}
\item{pl_i}{Price level of capital formation (price level of
USA GDPo in 2005 = 1).}
\item{pl_g}{Price level of government consumption (price level of
USA GDPo in 2005 = 1).}
\item{pl_x}{Price level of exports (price level of USA GDPo in 2005 = 1.}
\item{pl_m}{Price level of imports (price level of USA GDPo in 2005 = 1.}
\item{pl_k}{Price level of the capital stock
(price level of USA in 2005 = 1.}
}
}
\details{
The Penn World Table (version 8.0) is a database with information on
relative levels of income, output, inputs, productivity for 167 countries
between 1950 and 2011. For more details see the official documentation
provided at \url{http://www.ggdc.net/pwt/}.
Version 8.0 has been constructed by Feenstra, Inklaar, and Timmer (2013ab).
Compared to earlier versions (see Heston et al. 2012, and also R package
\pkg{pwt}), the construction of the data has changed somewhat and also some
variables have been renamed, added, or dropped. The PWT 8.0 website provides
many additional materials including documentation and scripts for constructing
customized variables.
The data set \code{pwt8.0} provided here largely preserves the properties
of the original data. All character or indicator variables are stored
as factors, though. Also, the variables \code{isocode} (rather than
\code{countrycode}) and \code{currency} (rather than \code{currency_unit})
are used as in package \pkg{pwt}. Following Feenstra et al., the ISO
country code (\code{isocode}) now strictly follows ISO 3166-1 alpha-3, i.e.,
COD (rather than ZAR) is used for the Democratic Republic of Congo,
DEU (rather than GER) for Germany and ROU (rather than ROM) for Romania.
Feenstra et al provide a detailed list of overlapping variables in version
7.1 and 8.0. Here, only the variable names are list:
\tabular{ll}{
Version 8.0 \tab Version 7.1\cr
\code{cgdpe} \tab \code{tcgdp}\cr
\code{xr} \tab \code{xrat}\cr
\code{pl_gdpe} \tab \code{p}\cr
\code{csh_c} \tab \code{cc}\cr
\code{csh_i} \tab \code{ci}\cr
\code{csh_g} \tab \code{cg}\cr
\code{pl_c} \tab \code{pc}\cr
\code{pl_i} \tab \code{pi}\cr
\code{pl_g} \tab \code{pg}\cr
}
Similarly, the following variables from version 7.1 can be constructed
(approximately) from 8.0 data:
\tabular{ll}{
Version 7.1 \tab Link to Version 8.0?\cr
\code{ppp} \tab Compute as \code{pl_gdpe * xr}\cr
\code{cgdp} \tab Compute as \code{cgdpe/pop}\cr
\code{y} \tab Divide \code{cgdpe} by \code{pop} and divide by USA values\cr
\code{rgdpch} \tab Closest comparison: \code{rgdpe/pop}\cr
\code{rgdpwok} \tab Closest comparison: \code{rgdpe/emp}\cr
\code{rgdpl2th} \tab Closest comparison: \code{rgdpe/(avh * emp)}\cr
}
}
\source{
Feenstra, Inklaar, and Timmer (2013a), see
\url{http://www.ggdc.net/pwt/}.
}
\references{
Barro RJ, Lee JW (2013).
A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950--2010.
\emph{Journal of Development Economics}, forthcoming.
URL \url{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.001}
Feenstra RC, Inklaar R, Timmer MP (2013a).
The Next Generation of the Penn World Table.
URL \url{http://www.ggdc.net/pwt/}.
Feenstra RC, Inklaar R, Timmer MP (2013b).
PWT 8.0: A User's Guide.
URL \url{http://www.ggdc.net/pwt/}.
Heston A, Summers R, Aten B (2012).
Penn World Table Version 7.1, Center for International
Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania.
URL \url{http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/}.
Psacharopoulous G (1994).
Returns to Investment in Education: A Global Update.
\emph{World Development}, 22(9), 1325-1343.
}
\keyword{datasets}
|
