1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="author" content="Daniel Lüdecke" />
<meta name="date" content="2024-05-13" />
<title>The Design Philosophy of Functions in sjmisc</title>
<script>// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
}
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
code {
white-space: pre;
}
.sourceCode {
overflow: visible;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css" data-origin="pandoc">
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { line-height: 1.25; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; }
.sourceCode { overflow: visible; }
code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }
pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; }
@media screen {
div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; }
}
@media print {
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { display: inline-block; text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; }
}
pre.numberSource code
{ counter-reset: source-line 0; }
pre.numberSource code > span
{ position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; }
pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before
{ content: counter(source-line);
position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;
border: none; display: inline-block;
-webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;
padding: 0 4px; width: 4em;
color: #aaaaaa;
}
pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em; border-left: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding-left: 4px; }
div.sourceCode
{ }
@media screen {
pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; }
}
code span.al { color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold; }
code span.an { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
code span.at { color: #7d9029; }
code span.bn { color: #40a070; }
code span.bu { color: #008000; }
code span.cf { color: #007020; font-weight: bold; }
code span.ch { color: #4070a0; }
code span.cn { color: #880000; }
code span.co { color: #60a0b0; font-style: italic; }
code span.cv { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
code span.do { color: #ba2121; font-style: italic; }
code span.dt { color: #902000; }
code span.dv { color: #40a070; }
code span.er { color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold; }
code span.ex { }
code span.fl { color: #40a070; }
code span.fu { color: #06287e; }
code span.im { color: #008000; font-weight: bold; }
code span.in { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
code span.kw { color: #007020; font-weight: bold; }
code span.op { color: #666666; }
code span.ot { color: #007020; }
code span.pp { color: #bc7a00; }
code span.sc { color: #4070a0; }
code span.ss { color: #bb6688; }
code span.st { color: #4070a0; }
code span.va { color: #19177c; }
code span.vs { color: #4070a0; }
code span.wa { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
</style>
<script>
// apply pandoc div.sourceCode style to pre.sourceCode instead
(function() {
var sheets = document.styleSheets;
for (var i = 0; i < sheets.length; i++) {
if (sheets[i].ownerNode.dataset["origin"] !== "pandoc") continue;
try { var rules = sheets[i].cssRules; } catch (e) { continue; }
var j = 0;
while (j < rules.length) {
var rule = rules[j];
// check if there is a div.sourceCode rule
if (rule.type !== rule.STYLE_RULE || rule.selectorText !== "div.sourceCode") {
j++;
continue;
}
var style = rule.style.cssText;
// check if color or background-color is set
if (rule.style.color === '' && rule.style.backgroundColor === '') {
j++;
continue;
}
// replace div.sourceCode by a pre.sourceCode rule
sheets[i].deleteRule(j);
sheets[i].insertRule('pre.sourceCode{' + style + '}', j);
}
}
})();
</script>
<style type="text/css">body {
background-color: #fff;
margin: 1em auto;
max-width: 700px;
overflow: visible;
padding-left: 2em;
padding-right: 2em;
font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 1.35;
}
#TOC {
clear: both;
margin: 0 0 10px 10px;
padding: 4px;
width: 400px;
border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
border-radius: 5px;
background-color: #f6f6f6;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 1.3;
}
#TOC .toctitle {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 15px;
margin-left: 5px;
}
#TOC ul {
padding-left: 40px;
margin-left: -1.5em;
margin-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
#TOC ul ul {
margin-left: -2em;
}
#TOC li {
line-height: 16px;
}
table {
margin: 1em auto;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: #DDDDDD;
border-style: outset;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
table th {
border-width: 2px;
padding: 5px;
border-style: inset;
}
table td {
border-width: 1px;
border-style: inset;
line-height: 18px;
padding: 5px 5px;
}
table, table th, table td {
border-left-style: none;
border-right-style: none;
}
table thead, table tr.even {
background-color: #f7f7f7;
}
p {
margin: 0.5em 0;
}
blockquote {
background-color: #f6f6f6;
padding: 0.25em 0.75em;
}
hr {
border-style: solid;
border: none;
border-top: 1px solid #777;
margin: 28px 0;
}
dl {
margin-left: 0;
}
dl dd {
margin-bottom: 13px;
margin-left: 13px;
}
dl dt {
font-weight: bold;
}
ul {
margin-top: 0;
}
ul li {
list-style: circle outside;
}
ul ul {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
pre, code {
background-color: #f7f7f7;
border-radius: 3px;
color: #333;
white-space: pre-wrap;
}
pre {
border-radius: 3px;
margin: 5px 0px 10px 0px;
padding: 10px;
}
pre:not([class]) {
background-color: #f7f7f7;
}
code {
font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Courier New', monospace;
font-size: 85%;
}
p > code, li > code {
padding: 2px 0px;
}
div.figure {
text-align: center;
}
img {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
padding: 2px;
border: 1px solid #DDDDDD;
border-radius: 3px;
border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
margin: 0 5px;
}
h1 {
margin-top: 0;
font-size: 35px;
line-height: 40px;
}
h2 {
border-bottom: 4px solid #f7f7f7;
padding-top: 10px;
padding-bottom: 2px;
font-size: 145%;
}
h3 {
border-bottom: 2px solid #f7f7f7;
padding-top: 10px;
font-size: 120%;
}
h4 {
border-bottom: 1px solid #f7f7f7;
margin-left: 8px;
font-size: 105%;
}
h5, h6 {
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
font-size: 105%;
}
a {
color: #0033dd;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
color: #6666ff; }
a:visited {
color: #800080; }
a:visited:hover {
color: #BB00BB; }
a[href^="http:"] {
text-decoration: underline; }
a[href^="https:"] {
text-decoration: underline; }
code > span.kw { color: #555; font-weight: bold; }
code > span.dt { color: #902000; }
code > span.dv { color: #40a070; }
code > span.bn { color: #d14; }
code > span.fl { color: #d14; }
code > span.ch { color: #d14; }
code > span.st { color: #d14; }
code > span.co { color: #888888; font-style: italic; }
code > span.ot { color: #007020; }
code > span.al { color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold; }
code > span.fu { color: #900; font-weight: bold; }
code > span.er { color: #a61717; background-color: #e3d2d2; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="title toc-ignore">The Design Philosophy of Functions in
sjmisc</h1>
<h4 class="author">Daniel Lüdecke</h4>
<h4 class="date">2024-05-13</h4>
<p>Basically, this package complements the <em>dplyr</em> package in
that <em>sjmisc</em> takes over data transformation tasks on variables,
like recoding, dichotomizing or grouping variables, setting and
replacing missing values, etc. The data transformation functions also
support labelled data.</p>
<div id="the-design-of-data-transformation-functions" class="section level1">
<h1>The design of data transformation functions</h1>
<p>The design of data transformation functions in this package follows,
where appropriate, the <em>tidyverse-approach</em>, with the first
argument of a function always being the data (either a data frame or
vector), followed by variable names that should be processed by the
function. If no variables are specified as argument, the function
applies to the complete data that was indicated as first function
argument.</p>
<div id="the-data-argument" class="section level2">
<h2>The data-argument</h2>
<p>A major difference to dplyr-functions like <code>select()</code> or
<code>filter()</code> is that the data-argument (the first argument of
each function), may either be a <em>data frame</em> or a
<em>vector</em>. The returned object for each function <em>equals the
type of the data-argument</em>:</p>
<ul>
<li>If the data-argument is a vector, the function returns a
vector.</li>
<li>If the data-argument is a data frame, the function returns a data
frame.</li>
</ul>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(sjmisc)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">data</span>(efc)</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># returns a vector</span></span>
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" tabindex="-1"></a>x <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">rec</span>(efc<span class="sc">$</span>e42dep, <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=1; 3,4=2"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">str</span>(x)</span>
<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> num [1:908] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...</span></span>
<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> - attr(*, "label")= chr "elder's dependency"</span></span>
<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># returns a data frame</span></span>
<span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">rec</span>(efc, e42dep, <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=1; 3,4=2"</span>, <span class="at">append =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> e42dep_r</span></span>
<span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 2</span></span>
<span id="cb1-14"><a href="#cb1-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb1-15"><a href="#cb1-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 2</span></span>
<span id="cb1-16"><a href="#cb1-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 2</span></span>
<span id="cb1-17"><a href="#cb1-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 2</span></span>
<span id="cb1-18"><a href="#cb1-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 2</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>This design-choice is mainly due to compatibility- and
convenience-reasons. It does not affect the usual “tidyverse-workflow”
or when using pipe-chains.</p>
</div>
<div id="the--ellipses-argument" class="section level2">
<h2>The …-ellipses-argument</h2>
<p>The selection of variables specified in the
<code>...</code>-ellipses-argument is powered by dplyr’s
<code>select()</code> and tidyselect’s <code>select_helpers()</code>.
This means, you can use existing functions like <code>:</code> to select
a range of variables, or also use tidyselect’s
<code>select_helpers</code>, like <code>contains()</code> or
<code>one_of()</code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># select all variables with "cop" in their names, and also</span></span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># the range from c161sex to c175empl</span></span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">rec</span>(</span>
<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4" tabindex="-1"></a> efc, <span class="fu">contains</span>(<span class="st">"cop"</span>), c161sex<span class="sc">:</span>c175empl, </span>
<span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"0,1=0; else=1"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb2-6"><a href="#cb2-6" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">append =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span></span>
<span id="cb2-7"><a href="#cb2-7" tabindex="-1"></a>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb2-8"><a href="#cb2-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c82cop1_r c83cop2_r c84cop3_r c85cop4_r c86cop5_r c87cop6_r c88cop7_r</span></span>
<span id="cb2-9"><a href="#cb2-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1</span></span>
<span id="cb2-10"><a href="#cb2-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1</span></span>
<span id="cb2-11"><a href="#cb2-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-12"><a href="#cb2-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-13"><a href="#cb2-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 1 1 0 1 1 1 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-14"><a href="#cb2-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1</span></span>
<span id="cb2-15"><a href="#cb2-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c89cop8_r c90cop9_r c161sex_r c172code_r c175empl_r</span></span>
<span id="cb2-16"><a href="#cb2-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 1 1 1 1 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-17"><a href="#cb2-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 1 1 1 1 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-18"><a href="#cb2-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 1 1 0 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-19"><a href="#cb2-19" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 1 1 0 1 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-20"><a href="#cb2-20" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 1 1 1 1 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-21"><a href="#cb2-21" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 0 0 0 1 0</span></span>
<span id="cb2-22"><a href="#cb2-22" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-23"><a href="#cb2-23" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># center all variables with "age" in name, variable c12hour</span></span>
<span id="cb2-24"><a href="#cb2-24" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># and all variables from column 19 to 21</span></span>
<span id="cb2-25"><a href="#cb2-25" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">center</span>(efc, c12hour, <span class="fu">contains</span>(<span class="st">"age"</span>), <span class="dv">19</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">21</span>, <span class="at">append =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb2-26"><a href="#cb2-26" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c12hour_c e17age_c c160age_c barthtot_c neg_c_7_c pos_v_4_c</span></span>
<span id="cb2-27"><a href="#cb2-27" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 -26.39911 3.878788 2.5371809 10.453001 0.1502242 -0.476731</span></span>
<span id="cb2-28"><a href="#cb2-28" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 105.60089 8.878788 0.5371809 10.453001 8.1502242 -1.476731</span></span>
<span id="cb2-29"><a href="#cb2-29" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 27.60089 2.878788 26.5371809 -29.546999 -0.8497758 0.523269</span></span>
<span id="cb2-30"><a href="#cb2-30" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 125.60089 -12.121212 15.5371809 -64.546999 -1.8497758 2.523269</span></span>
<span id="cb2-31"><a href="#cb2-31" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 125.60089 4.878788 -6.4628191 -39.546999 0.1502242 2.523269</span></span>
<span id="cb2-32"><a href="#cb2-32" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 -26.39911 5.878788 2.5371809 -4.546999 7.1502242 -3.476731</span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="the-function-types" class="section level2">
<h2>The function-types</h2>
<p>There are two types of function designs:</p>
<div id="coercingconverting-functions" class="section level3">
<h3>coercing/converting functions</h3>
<p>Functions like <code>to_factor()</code> or <code>to_label()</code>,
which convert variables into other types or add additional information
like variable or value labels as attribute, typically <em>return the
complete data frame</em> that was given as first argument <em>without
any new variables</em>. The variables specified in the
<code>...</code>-ellipses argument are converted (overwritten), all
other variables remain unchanged.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" tabindex="-1"></a>x <span class="ot"><-</span> efc[, <span class="dv">3</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">5</span>]</span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" tabindex="-1"></a>x <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">str</span>()</span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 'data.frame': 908 obs. of 3 variables:</span></span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> $ e16sex: num 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 ...</span></span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "elder's gender"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "labels")= Named num [1:2] 1 2</span></span>
<span id="cb3-8"><a href="#cb3-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:2] "male" "female"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-9"><a href="#cb3-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> $ e17age: num 83 88 82 67 84 85 74 87 79 83 ...</span></span>
<span id="cb3-10"><a href="#cb3-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "elder' age"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-11"><a href="#cb3-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> $ e42dep: num 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ...</span></span>
<span id="cb3-12"><a href="#cb3-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "elder's dependency"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-13"><a href="#cb3-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "labels")= Named num [1:4] 1 2 3 4</span></span>
<span id="cb3-14"><a href="#cb3-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "independent" "slightly dependent" "moderately dependent" "severely dependent"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-15"><a href="#cb3-15" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-16"><a href="#cb3-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">to_factor</span>(x, e42dep, e16sex) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">str</span>()</span>
<span id="cb3-17"><a href="#cb3-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 'data.frame': 908 obs. of 3 variables:</span></span>
<span id="cb3-18"><a href="#cb3-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> $ e16sex: Factor w/ 2 levels "1","2": 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 ...</span></span>
<span id="cb3-19"><a href="#cb3-19" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "labels")= Named num [1:2] 1 2</span></span>
<span id="cb3-20"><a href="#cb3-20" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:2] "male" "female"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-21"><a href="#cb3-21" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "elder's gender"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-22"><a href="#cb3-22" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> $ e17age: num 83 88 82 67 84 85 74 87 79 83 ...</span></span>
<span id="cb3-23"><a href="#cb3-23" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "elder' age"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-24"><a href="#cb3-24" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> $ e42dep: Factor w/ 4 levels "1","2","3","4": 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ...</span></span>
<span id="cb3-25"><a href="#cb3-25" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "labels")= Named num [1:4] 1 2 3 4</span></span>
<span id="cb3-26"><a href="#cb3-26" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "independent" "slightly dependent" "moderately dependent" "severely dependent"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-27"><a href="#cb3-27" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "elder's dependency"</span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="transformationrecoding-functions" class="section level3">
<h3>transformation/recoding functions</h3>
<p>Functions like <code>rec()</code> or <code>dicho()</code>, which
transform or recode variables, by default add <em>the transformed or
recoded variables</em> to the data frame, so they return the new
variables <em>and</em> the original data as combined data frame. To
return <em>only the transformed and recoded variables</em> specified in
the <code>...</code>-ellipses argument, use argument
<code>append = FALSE</code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># complete data, including new columns</span></span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">rec</span>(efc, c82cop1, c83cop2, <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=0; 3:4=2"</span>, <span class="at">append =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c12hour e15relat e16sex e17age e42dep c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4 c86cop5</span></span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 16 2 2 83 3 3 2 2 2 1</span></span>
<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 148 2 2 88 3 3 3 3 3 4</span></span>
<span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 70 1 2 82 3 2 2 1 4 1</span></span>
<span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 168 1 2 67 4 4 1 3 1 1</span></span>
<span id="cb4-8"><a href="#cb4-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 168 2 2 84 4 3 2 1 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb4-9"><a href="#cb4-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 16 2 2 85 4 2 2 3 3 3</span></span>
<span id="cb4-10"><a href="#cb4-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c87cop6 c88cop7 c89cop8 c90cop9 c160age c161sex c172code c175empl barthtot</span></span>
<span id="cb4-11"><a href="#cb4-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 1 2 3 3 56 2 2 1 75</span></span>
<span id="cb4-12"><a href="#cb4-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 1 3 2 2 54 2 2 1 75</span></span>
<span id="cb4-13"><a href="#cb4-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 1 1 4 3 80 1 1 0 35</span></span>
<span id="cb4-14"><a href="#cb4-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 1 1 2 4 69 1 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-15"><a href="#cb4-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 2 1 4 4 47 2 2 0 25</span></span>
<span id="cb4-16"><a href="#cb4-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 2 2 1 1 56 1 2 1 60</span></span>
<span id="cb4-17"><a href="#cb4-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> neg_c_7 pos_v_4 quol_5 resttotn tot_sc_e n4pstu nur_pst c82cop1_r c83cop2_r</span></span>
<span id="cb4-18"><a href="#cb4-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 12 12 14 0 4 0 NA 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-19"><a href="#cb4-19" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 20 11 10 4 0 0 NA 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb4-20"><a href="#cb4-20" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 11 13 7 0 1 2 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-21"><a href="#cb4-21" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 10 15 12 2 0 3 3 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-22"><a href="#cb4-22" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 12 15 19 2 1 2 2 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-23"><a href="#cb4-23" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 19 9 8 1 3 2 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-24"><a href="#cb4-24" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-25"><a href="#cb4-25" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># only new columns</span></span>
<span id="cb4-26"><a href="#cb4-26" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">rec</span>(efc, c82cop1, c83cop2, <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=0; 3:4=2"</span>, <span class="at">append =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb4-27"><a href="#cb4-27" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c82cop1_r c83cop2_r</span></span>
<span id="cb4-28"><a href="#cb4-28" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-29"><a href="#cb4-29" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb4-30"><a href="#cb4-30" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-31"><a href="#cb4-31" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-32"><a href="#cb4-32" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb4-33"><a href="#cb4-33" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 0 0</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>These variables usually get a suffix, so you can bind these variables
as new columns to a data frame, for instance with
<code>add_columns()</code>. The function <code>add_columns()</code> is
useful if you want to bind/add columns within a pipe-chain <em>to the
end</em> of a data frame.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" tabindex="-1"></a>efc <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">rec</span>(c82cop1, c83cop2, <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=0; 3:4=2"</span>, <span class="at">append =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">add_columns</span>(efc) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c12hour e15relat e16sex e17age e42dep c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4 c86cop5</span></span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 16 2 2 83 3 3 2 2 2 1</span></span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 148 2 2 88 3 3 3 3 3 4</span></span>
<span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 70 1 2 82 3 2 2 1 4 1</span></span>
<span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 168 1 2 67 4 4 1 3 1 1</span></span>
<span id="cb5-10"><a href="#cb5-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 168 2 2 84 4 3 2 1 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb5-11"><a href="#cb5-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 16 2 2 85 4 2 2 3 3 3</span></span>
<span id="cb5-12"><a href="#cb5-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c87cop6 c88cop7 c89cop8 c90cop9 c160age c161sex c172code c175empl barthtot</span></span>
<span id="cb5-13"><a href="#cb5-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 1 2 3 3 56 2 2 1 75</span></span>
<span id="cb5-14"><a href="#cb5-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 1 3 2 2 54 2 2 1 75</span></span>
<span id="cb5-15"><a href="#cb5-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 1 1 4 3 80 1 1 0 35</span></span>
<span id="cb5-16"><a href="#cb5-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 1 1 2 4 69 1 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb5-17"><a href="#cb5-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 2 1 4 4 47 2 2 0 25</span></span>
<span id="cb5-18"><a href="#cb5-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 2 2 1 1 56 1 2 1 60</span></span>
<span id="cb5-19"><a href="#cb5-19" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> neg_c_7 pos_v_4 quol_5 resttotn tot_sc_e n4pstu nur_pst c82cop1_r c83cop2_r</span></span>
<span id="cb5-20"><a href="#cb5-20" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 12 12 14 0 4 0 NA 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb5-21"><a href="#cb5-21" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 20 11 10 4 0 0 NA 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb5-22"><a href="#cb5-22" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 11 13 7 0 1 2 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb5-23"><a href="#cb5-23" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 10 15 12 2 0 3 3 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb5-24"><a href="#cb5-24" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 12 15 19 2 1 2 2 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb5-25"><a href="#cb5-25" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 19 9 8 1 3 2 2 0 0</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>If <code>append = TRUE</code> and <code>suffix = ""</code>, recoded
variables will replace (overwrite) existing variables.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># complete data, existing columns c82cop1 and c83cop2 are replaced</span></span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">rec</span>(efc, c82cop1, c83cop2, <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=0; 3:4=2"</span>, <span class="at">append =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="at">suffix =</span> <span class="st">""</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c12hour e15relat e16sex e17age e42dep c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4 c86cop5</span></span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 16 2 2 83 3 2 0 2 2 1</span></span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 148 2 2 88 3 2 2 3 3 4</span></span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 70 1 2 82 3 0 0 1 4 1</span></span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 168 1 2 67 4 2 0 3 1 1</span></span>
<span id="cb6-8"><a href="#cb6-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 168 2 2 84 4 2 0 1 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb6-9"><a href="#cb6-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 16 2 2 85 4 0 0 3 3 3</span></span>
<span id="cb6-10"><a href="#cb6-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c87cop6 c88cop7 c89cop8 c90cop9 c160age c161sex c172code c175empl barthtot</span></span>
<span id="cb6-11"><a href="#cb6-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 1 2 3 3 56 2 2 1 75</span></span>
<span id="cb6-12"><a href="#cb6-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 1 3 2 2 54 2 2 1 75</span></span>
<span id="cb6-13"><a href="#cb6-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 1 1 4 3 80 1 1 0 35</span></span>
<span id="cb6-14"><a href="#cb6-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 1 1 2 4 69 1 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb6-15"><a href="#cb6-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 2 1 4 4 47 2 2 0 25</span></span>
<span id="cb6-16"><a href="#cb6-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 2 2 1 1 56 1 2 1 60</span></span>
<span id="cb6-17"><a href="#cb6-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> neg_c_7 pos_v_4 quol_5 resttotn tot_sc_e n4pstu nur_pst</span></span>
<span id="cb6-18"><a href="#cb6-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 12 12 14 0 4 0 NA</span></span>
<span id="cb6-19"><a href="#cb6-19" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 20 11 10 4 0 0 NA</span></span>
<span id="cb6-20"><a href="#cb6-20" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 11 13 7 0 1 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb6-21"><a href="#cb6-21" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 10 15 12 2 0 3 3</span></span>
<span id="cb6-22"><a href="#cb6-22" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 12 15 19 2 1 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb6-23"><a href="#cb6-23" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 19 9 8 1 3 2 2</span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="sjmisc-and-dplyr" class="section level2">
<h2>sjmisc and dplyr</h2>
<p>The functions of <strong>sjmisc</strong> are designed to work
together seamlessly with other packages from the tidyverse, like
<strong>dplyr</strong>. For instance, you can use the functions from
<strong>sjmisc</strong> both within a pipe-worklflow to manipulate data
frames, or to create new variables with <code>mutate()</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" tabindex="-1"></a>efc <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(c82cop1, c83cop2) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">rec</span>(<span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=0; 3:4=2"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c82cop1 c83cop2 c82cop1_r c83cop2_r</span></span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 3 2 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-7"><a href="#cb7-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 3 3 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb7-8"><a href="#cb7-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 2 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-9"><a href="#cb7-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 4 1 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-10"><a href="#cb7-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 3 2 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-11"><a href="#cb7-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 2 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-12"><a href="#cb7-12" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-13"><a href="#cb7-13" tabindex="-1"></a>efc <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb7-14"><a href="#cb7-14" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(c82cop1, c83cop2) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb7-15"><a href="#cb7-15" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(</span>
<span id="cb7-16"><a href="#cb7-16" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">c82cop1_dicho =</span> <span class="fu">rec</span>(c82cop1, <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=0; 3:4=2"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb7-17"><a href="#cb7-17" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">c83cop2_dicho =</span> <span class="fu">rec</span>(c83cop2, <span class="at">rec =</span> <span class="st">"1,2=0; 3:4=2"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb7-18"><a href="#cb7-18" tabindex="-1"></a> ) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb7-19"><a href="#cb7-19" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">head</span>()</span>
<span id="cb7-20"><a href="#cb7-20" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> c82cop1 c83cop2 c82cop1_dicho c83cop2_dicho</span></span>
<span id="cb7-21"><a href="#cb7-21" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 3 2 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-22"><a href="#cb7-22" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 3 3 2 2</span></span>
<span id="cb7-23"><a href="#cb7-23" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 2 2 0 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-24"><a href="#cb7-24" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 4 1 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-25"><a href="#cb7-25" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 3 2 2 0</span></span>
<span id="cb7-26"><a href="#cb7-26" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 2 2 0 0</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>This makes it easy to adapt the <strong>sjmisc</strong> functions to
your own workflow.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- code folding -->
<!-- dynamically load mathjax for compatibility with self-contained -->
<script>
(function () {
var script = document.createElement("script");
script.type = "text/javascript";
script.src = "https://mathjax.rstudio.com/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML";
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>
|
