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<body>
<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Rectangling</h1>
<div id="introduction" class="section level2">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>Rectangling is the art and craft of taking a deeply nested list
(often sourced from wild caught JSON or XML) and taming it into a tidy
data set of rows and columns. There are three functions from tidyr that
are particularly useful for rectangling:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>unnest_longer()</code> takes each element of a list-column and
makes a new row.</li>
<li><code>unnest_wider()</code> takes each element of a list-column and
makes a new column.</li>
<li><code>hoist()</code> is similar to <code>unnest_wider()</code> but
only plucks out selected components, and can reach down multiple
levels.</li>
</ul>
<p>(Alternative, for complex inputs where you need to rectangle a nested
list according to a specification, see the <a href="https://github.com/mgirlich/tibblify">tibblify</a> package.)</p>
<p>A very large number of data rectangling problems can be solved by
combining <code>jsonlite::read_json()</code> with these functions and a
splash of dplyr (largely eliminating prior approaches that combined
<code>mutate()</code> with multiple <code>purrr::map()</code>s). Note
that jsonlite has another important function called
<code>fromJSON()</code>. We don’t recommend it here because it performs
its own automatic simplification (<code>simplifyVector = TRUE</code>).
This often works well, particularly in simple cases, but we think you’re
better off doing the rectangling yourself so you know exactly what’s
happening and can more easily handle the most complicated nested
structures.</p>
<p>To illustrate these techniques, we’ll use the repurrrsive package,
which provides a number deeply nested lists originally mostly captured
from web APIs.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyr)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dplyr)</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(repurrrsive)</span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="github-users" class="section level2">
<h2>GitHub users</h2>
<p>We’ll start with <code>gh_users</code>, a list which contains
information about six GitHub users. To begin, we put the
<code>gh_users</code> list into a data frame:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" tabindex="-1"></a>users <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>(<span class="at">user =</span> gh_users)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>This seems a bit counter-intuitive: why is the first step in making a
list simpler to make it more complicated? But a data frame has a big
advantage: it bundles together multiple vectors so that everything is
tracked together in a single object.</p>
<p>Each <code>user</code> is a named list, where each element represents
a column.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">names</span>(users<span class="sc">$</span>user[[<span class="dv">1</span>]])</span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [1] "login" "id" "avatar_url" </span></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [4] "gravatar_id" "url" "html_url" </span></span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [7] "followers_url" "following_url" "gists_url" </span></span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [10] "starred_url" "subscriptions_url" "organizations_url" </span></span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [13] "repos_url" "events_url" "received_events_url"</span></span>
<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [16] "type" "site_admin" "name" </span></span>
<span id="cb3-8"><a href="#cb3-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [19] "company" "blog" "location" </span></span>
<span id="cb3-9"><a href="#cb3-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [22] "email" "hireable" "bio" </span></span>
<span id="cb3-10"><a href="#cb3-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [25] "public_repos" "public_gists" "followers" </span></span>
<span id="cb3-11"><a href="#cb3-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> [28] "following" "created_at" "updated_at"</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>There are two ways to turn the list components into columns.
<code>unnest_wider()</code> takes every component and makes a new
column:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" tabindex="-1"></a>users <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(user)</span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 6 × 30</span></span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> login id avatar_url gravatar_id url html_url followers_url following_url</span></span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> </span></span>
<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 gabo… 6.60e5 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 jenn… 5.99e5 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 jtle… 1.57e6 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb4-8"><a href="#cb4-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 juli… 1.25e7 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb4-9"><a href="#cb4-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 leep… 3.51e6 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb4-10"><a href="#cb4-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 masa… 8.36e6 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb4-11"><a href="#cb4-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 22 more variables: gists_url <chr>, starred_url <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb4-12"><a href="#cb4-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # subscriptions_url <chr>, organizations_url <chr>, repos_url <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb4-13"><a href="#cb4-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # events_url <chr>, received_events_url <chr>, type <chr>, site_admin <lgl>,</span></span>
<span id="cb4-14"><a href="#cb4-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # name <chr>, company <chr>, blog <chr>, location <chr>, email <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb4-15"><a href="#cb4-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # hireable <lgl>, bio <chr>, public_repos <int>, public_gists <int>,</span></span>
<span id="cb4-16"><a href="#cb4-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # followers <int>, following <int>, created_at <chr>, updated_at <chr></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>But in this case, there are many components and we don’t need most of
them so we can instead use <code>hoist()</code>. <code>hoist()</code>
allows us to pull out selected components using the same syntax as
<code>purrr::pluck()</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" tabindex="-1"></a>users <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">hoist</span>(user, </span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">followers =</span> <span class="st">"followers"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">login =</span> <span class="st">"login"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">url =</span> <span class="st">"html_url"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 6 × 4</span></span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> followers login url user </span></span>
<span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <int> <chr> <chr> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 303 gaborcsardi https://github.com/gaborcsardi <named list [27]></span></span>
<span id="cb5-10"><a href="#cb5-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 780 jennybc https://github.com/jennybc <named list [27]></span></span>
<span id="cb5-11"><a href="#cb5-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 3958 jtleek https://github.com/jtleek <named list [27]></span></span>
<span id="cb5-12"><a href="#cb5-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 115 juliasilge https://github.com/juliasilge <named list [27]></span></span>
<span id="cb5-13"><a href="#cb5-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 213 leeper https://github.com/leeper <named list [27]></span></span>
<span id="cb5-14"><a href="#cb5-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 34 masalmon https://github.com/masalmon <named list [27]></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p><code>hoist()</code> removes the named components from the
<code>user</code> list-column, so you can think of it as moving
components out of the inner list into the top-level data frame.</p>
</div>
<div id="github-repos" class="section level2">
<h2>GitHub repos</h2>
<p>We start off <code>gh_repos</code> similarly, by putting it in a
tibble:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repos <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>(<span class="at">repo =</span> gh_repos)</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" tabindex="-1"></a>repos</span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 6 × 1</span></span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> repo </span></span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 <list [30]></span></span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 <list [30]></span></span>
<span id="cb6-8"><a href="#cb6-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 <list [30]></span></span>
<span id="cb6-9"><a href="#cb6-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 <list [26]></span></span>
<span id="cb6-10"><a href="#cb6-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 <list [30]></span></span>
<span id="cb6-11"><a href="#cb6-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 <list [30]></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>This time the elements of <code>repos</code> are a list of
repositories that belong to that user. These are observations, so should
become new rows, so we use <code>unnest_longer()</code> rather than
<code>unnest_wider()</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repos <span class="ot"><-</span> repos <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(repo)</span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" tabindex="-1"></a>repos</span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 176 × 1</span></span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> repo </span></span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 <named list [68]></span></span>
<span id="cb7-7"><a href="#cb7-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 <named list [68]></span></span>
<span id="cb7-8"><a href="#cb7-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 <named list [68]></span></span>
<span id="cb7-9"><a href="#cb7-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 <named list [68]></span></span>
<span id="cb7-10"><a href="#cb7-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 <named list [68]></span></span>
<span id="cb7-11"><a href="#cb7-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 <named list [68]></span></span>
<span id="cb7-12"><a href="#cb7-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 170 more rows</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Then we can use <code>unnest_wider()</code> or
<code>hoist()</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repos <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">hoist</span>(repo, </span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">login =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"owner"</span>, <span class="st">"login"</span>), </span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">name =</span> <span class="st">"name"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">homepage =</span> <span class="st">"homepage"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">watchers =</span> <span class="st">"watchers_count"</span></span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
<span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 176 × 5</span></span>
<span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> login name homepage watchers repo </span></span>
<span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <chr> <chr> <int> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 gaborcsardi after <NA> 5 <named list [65]></span></span>
<span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 gaborcsardi argufy <NA> 19 <named list [65]></span></span>
<span id="cb8-12"><a href="#cb8-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 gaborcsardi ask <NA> 5 <named list [65]></span></span>
<span id="cb8-13"><a href="#cb8-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 gaborcsardi baseimports <NA> 0 <named list [65]></span></span>
<span id="cb8-14"><a href="#cb8-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 gaborcsardi citest <NA> 0 <named list [65]></span></span>
<span id="cb8-15"><a href="#cb8-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 gaborcsardi clisymbols "" 18 <named list [65]></span></span>
<span id="cb8-16"><a href="#cb8-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 170 more rows</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Note the use of <code>c("owner", "login")</code>: this allows us to
reach two levels deep inside of a list. An alternative approach would be
to pull out just <code>owner</code> and then put each element of it in a
column:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repos <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">hoist</span>(repo, <span class="at">owner =</span> <span class="st">"owner"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(owner)</span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 176 × 18</span></span>
<span id="cb9-5"><a href="#cb9-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> login id avatar_url gravatar_id url html_url followers_url following_url</span></span>
<span id="cb9-6"><a href="#cb9-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> </span></span>
<span id="cb9-7"><a href="#cb9-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 gabo… 660288 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb9-8"><a href="#cb9-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 gabo… 660288 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb9-9"><a href="#cb9-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 gabo… 660288 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb9-10"><a href="#cb9-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 gabo… 660288 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb9-11"><a href="#cb9-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 gabo… 660288 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb9-12"><a href="#cb9-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 gabo… 660288 https://a… "" http… https:/… https://api.… https://api.…</span></span>
<span id="cb9-13"><a href="#cb9-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 170 more rows</span></span>
<span id="cb9-14"><a href="#cb9-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 10 more variables: gists_url <chr>, starred_url <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb9-15"><a href="#cb9-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # subscriptions_url <chr>, organizations_url <chr>, repos_url <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb9-16"><a href="#cb9-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # events_url <chr>, received_events_url <chr>, type <chr>, site_admin <lgl>,</span></span>
<span id="cb9-17"><a href="#cb9-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # repo <list></span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="game-of-thrones-characters" class="section level2">
<h2>Game of Thrones characters</h2>
<p><code>got_chars</code> has a similar structure to
<code>gh_users</code>: it’s a list of named lists, where each element of
the inner list describes some attribute of a GoT character. We start in
the same way, first by creating a data frame and then by unnesting each
component into a column:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" tabindex="-1"></a>chars <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>(<span class="at">char =</span> got_chars)</span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" tabindex="-1"></a>chars</span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 30 × 1</span></span>
<span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> char </span></span>
<span id="cb10-5"><a href="#cb10-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb10-6"><a href="#cb10-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 <named list [18]></span></span>
<span id="cb10-7"><a href="#cb10-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 <named list [18]></span></span>
<span id="cb10-8"><a href="#cb10-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 <named list [18]></span></span>
<span id="cb10-9"><a href="#cb10-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 <named list [18]></span></span>
<span id="cb10-10"><a href="#cb10-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 <named list [18]></span></span>
<span id="cb10-11"><a href="#cb10-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 <named list [18]></span></span>
<span id="cb10-12"><a href="#cb10-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 24 more rows</span></span>
<span id="cb10-13"><a href="#cb10-13" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-14"><a href="#cb10-14" tabindex="-1"></a>chars2 <span class="ot"><-</span> chars <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(char)</span>
<span id="cb10-15"><a href="#cb10-15" tabindex="-1"></a>chars2</span>
<span id="cb10-16"><a href="#cb10-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 30 × 18</span></span>
<span id="cb10-17"><a href="#cb10-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> url id name gender culture born died alive titles aliases father</span></span>
<span id="cb10-18"><a href="#cb10-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <lgl> <list> <list> <chr> </span></span>
<span id="cb10-19"><a href="#cb10-19" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 https://ww… 1022 Theo… Male "Ironb… "In … "" TRUE <chr> <chr> "" </span></span>
<span id="cb10-20"><a href="#cb10-20" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 https://ww… 1052 Tyri… Male "" "In … "" TRUE <chr> <chr> "" </span></span>
<span id="cb10-21"><a href="#cb10-21" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 https://ww… 1074 Vict… Male "Ironb… "In … "" TRUE <chr> <chr> "" </span></span>
<span id="cb10-22"><a href="#cb10-22" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 https://ww… 1109 Will Male "" "" "In … FALSE <chr> <chr> "" </span></span>
<span id="cb10-23"><a href="#cb10-23" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 https://ww… 1166 Areo… Male "Norvo… "In … "" TRUE <chr> <chr> "" </span></span>
<span id="cb10-24"><a href="#cb10-24" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 https://ww… 1267 Chett Male "" "At … "In … FALSE <chr> <chr> "" </span></span>
<span id="cb10-25"><a href="#cb10-25" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 24 more rows</span></span>
<span id="cb10-26"><a href="#cb10-26" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 7 more variables: mother <chr>, spouse <chr>, allegiances <list>,</span></span>
<span id="cb10-27"><a href="#cb10-27" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # books <list>, povBooks <list>, tvSeries <list>, playedBy <list></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>This is more complex than <code>gh_users</code> because some
component of <code>char</code> are themselves a list, giving us a
collection of list-columns:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" tabindex="-1"></a>chars2 <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">select_if</span>(is.list)</span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 30 × 7</span></span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> titles aliases allegiances books povBooks tvSeries playedBy </span></span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <list> <list> <list> <list> <list> <list> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 <chr [2]> <chr [4]> <chr [1]> <chr [3]> <chr [2]> <chr [6]> <chr [1]></span></span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 <chr [2]> <chr [11]> <chr [1]> <chr [2]> <chr [4]> <chr [6]> <chr [1]></span></span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 <chr [2]> <chr [1]> <chr [1]> <chr [3]> <chr [2]> <chr [1]> <chr [1]></span></span>
<span id="cb11-8"><a href="#cb11-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 <chr [1]> <chr [1]> <NULL> <chr [1]> <chr [1]> <chr [1]> <chr [1]></span></span>
<span id="cb11-9"><a href="#cb11-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 <chr [1]> <chr [1]> <chr [1]> <chr [3]> <chr [2]> <chr [2]> <chr [1]></span></span>
<span id="cb11-10"><a href="#cb11-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 <chr [1]> <chr [1]> <NULL> <chr [2]> <chr [1]> <chr [1]> <chr [1]></span></span>
<span id="cb11-11"><a href="#cb11-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 24 more rows</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>What you do next will depend on the purposes of the analysis. Maybe
you want a row for every book and TV series that the character appears
in:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" tabindex="-1"></a>chars2 <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(name, books, tvSeries) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_longer</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(books, tvSeries), <span class="at">names_to =</span> <span class="st">"media"</span>, <span class="at">values_to =</span> <span class="st">"value"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(value)</span>
<span id="cb12-5"><a href="#cb12-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 179 × 3</span></span>
<span id="cb12-6"><a href="#cb12-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> name media value </span></span>
<span id="cb12-7"><a href="#cb12-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <chr> <chr> </span></span>
<span id="cb12-8"><a href="#cb12-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Theon Greyjoy books A Game of Thrones</span></span>
<span id="cb12-9"><a href="#cb12-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Theon Greyjoy books A Storm of Swords</span></span>
<span id="cb12-10"><a href="#cb12-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 Theon Greyjoy books A Feast for Crows</span></span>
<span id="cb12-11"><a href="#cb12-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 Theon Greyjoy tvSeries Season 1 </span></span>
<span id="cb12-12"><a href="#cb12-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Theon Greyjoy tvSeries Season 2 </span></span>
<span id="cb12-13"><a href="#cb12-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 Theon Greyjoy tvSeries Season 3 </span></span>
<span id="cb12-14"><a href="#cb12-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 173 more rows</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Or maybe you want to build a table that lets you match title to
name:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1" tabindex="-1"></a>chars2 <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href="#cb13-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(name, <span class="at">title =</span> titles) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href="#cb13-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(title)</span>
<span id="cb13-4"><a href="#cb13-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 59 × 2</span></span>
<span id="cb13-5"><a href="#cb13-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> name title </span></span>
<span id="cb13-6"><a href="#cb13-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <chr> </span></span>
<span id="cb13-7"><a href="#cb13-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Theon Greyjoy Prince of Winterfell </span></span>
<span id="cb13-8"><a href="#cb13-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Theon Greyjoy Lord of the Iron Islands (by law of the green lands)</span></span>
<span id="cb13-9"><a href="#cb13-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 Tyrion Lannister Acting Hand of the King (former) </span></span>
<span id="cb13-10"><a href="#cb13-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 Tyrion Lannister Master of Coin (former) </span></span>
<span id="cb13-11"><a href="#cb13-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Victarion Greyjoy Lord Captain of the Iron Fleet </span></span>
<span id="cb13-12"><a href="#cb13-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 Victarion Greyjoy Master of the Iron Victory </span></span>
<span id="cb13-13"><a href="#cb13-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 53 more rows</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>(Note that the empty titles (<code>""</code>) are due to an
infelicity in the input <code>got_chars</code>: ideally people without
titles would have a title vector of length 0, not a title vector of
length 1 containing an empty string.)</p>
</div>
<div id="geocoding-with-google" class="section level2">
<h2>Geocoding with google</h2>
<p>Next we’ll tackle a more complex form of data that comes from
Google’s geocoding service, stored in the repurssive package</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repurrrsive<span class="sc">::</span>gmaps_cities</span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 5 × 2</span></span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href="#cb14-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> city json </span></span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href="#cb14-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb14-5"><a href="#cb14-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Houston <named list [2]></span></span>
<span id="cb14-6"><a href="#cb14-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Washington <named list [2]></span></span>
<span id="cb14-7"><a href="#cb14-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 New York <named list [2]></span></span>
<span id="cb14-8"><a href="#cb14-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 Chicago <named list [2]></span></span>
<span id="cb14-9"><a href="#cb14-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Arlington <named list [2]></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p><code>json</code> is a list-column of named lists, so it makes sense
to start with <code>unnest_wider()</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb15"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb15-1"><a href="#cb15-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repurrrsive<span class="sc">::</span>gmaps_cities <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb15-2"><a href="#cb15-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(json)</span>
<span id="cb15-3"><a href="#cb15-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 5 × 3</span></span>
<span id="cb15-4"><a href="#cb15-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> city results status</span></span>
<span id="cb15-5"><a href="#cb15-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <list> <chr> </span></span>
<span id="cb15-6"><a href="#cb15-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Houston <list [1]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb15-7"><a href="#cb15-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Washington <list [2]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb15-8"><a href="#cb15-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 New York <list [1]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb15-9"><a href="#cb15-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 Chicago <list [1]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb15-10"><a href="#cb15-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Arlington <list [2]> OK</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Notice that <code>results</code> is a list of lists. Most of the
cities have 1 element (representing a unique match from the geocoding
API), but Washington and Arlington have two. We can pull these out into
separate rows with <code>unnest_longer()</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repurrrsive<span class="sc">::</span>gmaps_cities <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb16-2"><a href="#cb16-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(json) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb16-3"><a href="#cb16-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(results)</span>
<span id="cb16-4"><a href="#cb16-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 7 × 3</span></span>
<span id="cb16-5"><a href="#cb16-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> city results status</span></span>
<span id="cb16-6"><a href="#cb16-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <list> <chr> </span></span>
<span id="cb16-7"><a href="#cb16-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Houston <named list [5]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb16-8"><a href="#cb16-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Washington <named list [5]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb16-9"><a href="#cb16-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 Washington <named list [5]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb16-10"><a href="#cb16-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 New York <named list [5]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb16-11"><a href="#cb16-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Chicago <named list [5]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb16-12"><a href="#cb16-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 Arlington <named list [5]> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb16-13"><a href="#cb16-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 1 more row</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Now these all have the same components, as revealed by
<code>unnest_wider()</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repurrrsive<span class="sc">::</span>gmaps_cities <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb17-2"><a href="#cb17-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(json) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb17-3"><a href="#cb17-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(results) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb17-4"><a href="#cb17-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(results)</span>
<span id="cb17-5"><a href="#cb17-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 7 × 7</span></span>
<span id="cb17-6"><a href="#cb17-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> city address_components formatted_address geometry place_id types status</span></span>
<span id="cb17-7"><a href="#cb17-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <list> <chr> <list> <chr> <list> <chr> </span></span>
<span id="cb17-8"><a href="#cb17-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Hous… <list [4]> Houston, TX, USA <named list> ChIJAYW… <list> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb17-9"><a href="#cb17-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Wash… <list [2]> Washington, USA <named list> ChIJ-bD… <list> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb17-10"><a href="#cb17-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 Wash… <list [4]> Washington, DC, … <named list> ChIJW-T… <list> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb17-11"><a href="#cb17-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 New … <list [3]> New York, NY, USA <named list> ChIJOwg… <list> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb17-12"><a href="#cb17-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Chic… <list [4]> Chicago, IL, USA <named list> ChIJ7cv… <list> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb17-13"><a href="#cb17-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 Arli… <list [4]> Arlington, TX, U… <named list> ChIJ05g… <list> OK </span></span>
<span id="cb17-14"><a href="#cb17-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 1 more row</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>We can find the latitude and longitude by unnesting
<code>geometry</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repurrrsive<span class="sc">::</span>gmaps_cities <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb18-2"><a href="#cb18-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(json) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb18-3"><a href="#cb18-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(results) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb18-4"><a href="#cb18-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(results) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb18-5"><a href="#cb18-5" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(geometry)</span>
<span id="cb18-6"><a href="#cb18-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 7 × 10</span></span>
<span id="cb18-7"><a href="#cb18-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> city address_components formatted_address bounds location </span></span>
<span id="cb18-8"><a href="#cb18-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <list> <chr> <list> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb18-9"><a href="#cb18-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Houston <list [4]> Houston, TX, USA <named list> <named list></span></span>
<span id="cb18-10"><a href="#cb18-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Washington <list [2]> Washington, USA <named list> <named list></span></span>
<span id="cb18-11"><a href="#cb18-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 Washington <list [4]> Washington, DC, USA <named list> <named list></span></span>
<span id="cb18-12"><a href="#cb18-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 New York <list [3]> New York, NY, USA <named list> <named list></span></span>
<span id="cb18-13"><a href="#cb18-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Chicago <list [4]> Chicago, IL, USA <named list> <named list></span></span>
<span id="cb18-14"><a href="#cb18-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 Arlington <list [4]> Arlington, TX, USA <named list> <named list></span></span>
<span id="cb18-15"><a href="#cb18-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 1 more row</span></span>
<span id="cb18-16"><a href="#cb18-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 5 more variables: location_type <chr>, viewport <list>, place_id <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb18-17"><a href="#cb18-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # types <list>, status <chr></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>And then location:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repurrrsive<span class="sc">::</span>gmaps_cities <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb19-2"><a href="#cb19-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(json) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb19-3"><a href="#cb19-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(results) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb19-4"><a href="#cb19-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(results) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb19-5"><a href="#cb19-5" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(geometry) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb19-6"><a href="#cb19-6" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(location)</span>
<span id="cb19-7"><a href="#cb19-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 7 × 11</span></span>
<span id="cb19-8"><a href="#cb19-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> city address_components formatted_address bounds lat lng</span></span>
<span id="cb19-9"><a href="#cb19-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <list> <chr> <list> <dbl> <dbl></span></span>
<span id="cb19-10"><a href="#cb19-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Houston <list [4]> Houston, TX, USA <named list> 29.8 -95.4</span></span>
<span id="cb19-11"><a href="#cb19-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Washington <list [2]> Washington, USA <named list> 47.8 -121. </span></span>
<span id="cb19-12"><a href="#cb19-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 Washington <list [4]> Washington, DC, USA <named list> 38.9 -77.0</span></span>
<span id="cb19-13"><a href="#cb19-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 New York <list [3]> New York, NY, USA <named list> 40.7 -74.0</span></span>
<span id="cb19-14"><a href="#cb19-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Chicago <list [4]> Chicago, IL, USA <named list> 41.9 -87.6</span></span>
<span id="cb19-15"><a href="#cb19-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 Arlington <list [4]> Arlington, TX, USA <named list> 32.7 -97.1</span></span>
<span id="cb19-16"><a href="#cb19-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 1 more row</span></span>
<span id="cb19-17"><a href="#cb19-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 5 more variables: location_type <chr>, viewport <list>, place_id <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb19-18"><a href="#cb19-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # types <list>, status <chr></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>We could also just look at the first address for each city:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb20-1"><a href="#cb20-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repurrrsive<span class="sc">::</span>gmaps_cities <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb20-2"><a href="#cb20-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(json) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb20-3"><a href="#cb20-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">hoist</span>(results, <span class="at">first_result =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb20-4"><a href="#cb20-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(first_result) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb20-5"><a href="#cb20-5" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(geometry) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb20-6"><a href="#cb20-6" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(location)</span>
<span id="cb20-7"><a href="#cb20-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 5 × 12</span></span>
<span id="cb20-8"><a href="#cb20-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> city address_components formatted_address bounds lat lng</span></span>
<span id="cb20-9"><a href="#cb20-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <list> <chr> <list> <dbl> <dbl></span></span>
<span id="cb20-10"><a href="#cb20-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Houston <list [4]> Houston, TX, USA <named list [2]> 29.8 -95.4</span></span>
<span id="cb20-11"><a href="#cb20-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Washington <list [2]> Washington, USA <named list [2]> 47.8 -121. </span></span>
<span id="cb20-12"><a href="#cb20-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 New York <list [3]> New York, NY, USA <named list [2]> 40.7 -74.0</span></span>
<span id="cb20-13"><a href="#cb20-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 Chicago <list [4]> Chicago, IL, USA <named list [2]> 41.9 -87.6</span></span>
<span id="cb20-14"><a href="#cb20-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Arlington <list [4]> Arlington, TX, USA <named list [2]> 32.7 -97.1</span></span>
<span id="cb20-15"><a href="#cb20-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 6 more variables: location_type <chr>, viewport <list>, place_id <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb20-16"><a href="#cb20-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # types <list>, results <list>, status <chr></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Or use <code>hoist()</code> to dive deeply to get directly to
<code>lat</code> and <code>lng</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb21"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb21-1"><a href="#cb21-1" tabindex="-1"></a>repurrrsive<span class="sc">::</span>gmaps_cities <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb21-2"><a href="#cb21-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">hoist</span>(json,</span>
<span id="cb21-3"><a href="#cb21-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">lat =</span> <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="st">"results"</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="st">"geometry"</span>, <span class="st">"location"</span>, <span class="st">"lat"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb21-4"><a href="#cb21-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">lng =</span> <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="st">"results"</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="st">"geometry"</span>, <span class="st">"location"</span>, <span class="st">"lng"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb21-5"><a href="#cb21-5" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb21-6"><a href="#cb21-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 5 × 4</span></span>
<span id="cb21-7"><a href="#cb21-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> city lat lng json </span></span>
<span id="cb21-8"><a href="#cb21-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb21-9"><a href="#cb21-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 Houston 29.8 -95.4 <named list [2]></span></span>
<span id="cb21-10"><a href="#cb21-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 Washington 47.8 -121. <named list [2]></span></span>
<span id="cb21-11"><a href="#cb21-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 New York 40.7 -74.0 <named list [2]></span></span>
<span id="cb21-12"><a href="#cb21-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 Chicago 41.9 -87.6 <named list [2]></span></span>
<span id="cb21-13"><a href="#cb21-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 Arlington 32.7 -97.1 <named list [2]></span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="sharla-gelfands-discography" class="section level2">
<h2>Sharla Gelfand’s discography</h2>
<p>We’ll finish off with the most complex list, from <a href="https://sharla.party/post/discog-purrr/">Sharla Gelfand’s</a>
discography. We’ll start the usual way: putting the list into a single
column data frame, and then widening so each component is a column. I
also parse the <code>date_added</code> column into a real date-time<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1"><sup>1</sup></a>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb22"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb22-1"><a href="#cb22-1" tabindex="-1"></a>discs <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tibble</span>(<span class="at">disc =</span> discog) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb22-2"><a href="#cb22-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(disc) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb22-3"><a href="#cb22-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">date_added =</span> <span class="fu">as.POSIXct</span>(<span class="fu">strptime</span>(date_added, <span class="st">"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"</span>))) </span>
<span id="cb22-4"><a href="#cb22-4" tabindex="-1"></a>discs</span>
<span id="cb22-5"><a href="#cb22-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 155 × 5</span></span>
<span id="cb22-6"><a href="#cb22-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> instance_id date_added basic_information id rating</span></span>
<span id="cb22-7"><a href="#cb22-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <int> <dttm> <list> <int> <int></span></span>
<span id="cb22-8"><a href="#cb22-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 354823933 2019-02-16 17:48:59 <named list [11]> 7496378 0</span></span>
<span id="cb22-9"><a href="#cb22-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 354092601 2019-02-13 14:13:11 <named list [11]> 4490852 0</span></span>
<span id="cb22-10"><a href="#cb22-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 354091476 2019-02-13 14:07:23 <named list [11]> 9827276 0</span></span>
<span id="cb22-11"><a href="#cb22-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 351244906 2019-02-02 11:39:58 <named list [11]> 9769203 0</span></span>
<span id="cb22-12"><a href="#cb22-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 351244801 2019-02-02 11:39:37 <named list [11]> 7237138 0</span></span>
<span id="cb22-13"><a href="#cb22-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 351052065 2019-02-01 20:40:53 <named list [11]> 13117042 0</span></span>
<span id="cb22-14"><a href="#cb22-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 149 more rows</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>At this level, we see information about when each disc was added to
Sharla’s discography, not any information about the disc itself. To do
that we need to widen the <code>basic_information</code> column:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb23-1"><a href="#cb23-1" tabindex="-1"></a>discs <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(basic_information)</span>
<span id="cb23-2"><a href="#cb23-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> Error in `unnest_wider()`:</span></span>
<span id="cb23-3"><a href="#cb23-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ! Can't duplicate names between the affected columns and the original</span></span>
<span id="cb23-4"><a href="#cb23-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> data.</span></span>
<span id="cb23-5"><a href="#cb23-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ✖ These names are duplicated:</span></span>
<span id="cb23-6"><a href="#cb23-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ℹ `id`, from `basic_information`.</span></span>
<span id="cb23-7"><a href="#cb23-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ℹ Use `names_sep` to disambiguate using the column name.</span></span>
<span id="cb23-8"><a href="#cb23-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> ℹ Or use `names_repair` to specify a repair strategy.</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Unfortunately that fails because there’s an <code>id</code> column
inside <code>basic_information</code>. We can quickly see what’s going
on by setting <code>names_repair = "unique"</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb24"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb24-1"><a href="#cb24-1" tabindex="-1"></a>discs <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(basic_information, <span class="at">names_repair =</span> <span class="st">"unique"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb24-2"><a href="#cb24-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> New names:</span></span>
<span id="cb24-3"><a href="#cb24-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> • `id` -> `id...7`</span></span>
<span id="cb24-4"><a href="#cb24-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> • `id` -> `id...14`</span></span>
<span id="cb24-5"><a href="#cb24-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 155 × 15</span></span>
<span id="cb24-6"><a href="#cb24-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> instance_id date_added labels year master_url artists id...7 thumb</span></span>
<span id="cb24-7"><a href="#cb24-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <int> <dttm> <list> <int> <chr> <list> <int> <chr></span></span>
<span id="cb24-8"><a href="#cb24-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 354823933 2019-02-16 17:48:59 <list> 2015 <NA> <list> 7.50e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb24-9"><a href="#cb24-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 354092601 2019-02-13 14:13:11 <list> 2013 https://api… <list> 4.49e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb24-10"><a href="#cb24-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 354091476 2019-02-13 14:07:23 <list> 2017 https://api… <list> 9.83e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb24-11"><a href="#cb24-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 351244906 2019-02-02 11:39:58 <list> 2017 https://api… <list> 9.77e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb24-12"><a href="#cb24-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 351244801 2019-02-02 11:39:37 <list> 2015 https://api… <list> 7.24e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb24-13"><a href="#cb24-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 351052065 2019-02-01 20:40:53 <list> 2019 https://api… <list> 1.31e7 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb24-14"><a href="#cb24-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 149 more rows</span></span>
<span id="cb24-15"><a href="#cb24-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 7 more variables: title <chr>, formats <list>, cover_image <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb24-16"><a href="#cb24-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # resource_url <chr>, master_id <int>, id...14 <int>, rating <int></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>The problem is that <code>basic_information</code> repeats the
<code>id</code> column that’s also stored at the top-level, so we can
just drop that:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb25"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb25-1"><a href="#cb25-1" tabindex="-1"></a>discs <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb25-2"><a href="#cb25-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="sc">!</span>id) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb25-3"><a href="#cb25-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(basic_information)</span>
<span id="cb25-4"><a href="#cb25-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 155 × 14</span></span>
<span id="cb25-5"><a href="#cb25-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> instance_id date_added labels year master_url artists id thumb</span></span>
<span id="cb25-6"><a href="#cb25-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <int> <dttm> <list> <int> <chr> <list> <int> <chr></span></span>
<span id="cb25-7"><a href="#cb25-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 354823933 2019-02-16 17:48:59 <list> 2015 <NA> <list> 7.50e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb25-8"><a href="#cb25-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 354092601 2019-02-13 14:13:11 <list> 2013 https://api… <list> 4.49e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb25-9"><a href="#cb25-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 354091476 2019-02-13 14:07:23 <list> 2017 https://api… <list> 9.83e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb25-10"><a href="#cb25-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 351244906 2019-02-02 11:39:58 <list> 2017 https://api… <list> 9.77e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb25-11"><a href="#cb25-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 351244801 2019-02-02 11:39:37 <list> 2015 https://api… <list> 7.24e6 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb25-12"><a href="#cb25-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 351052065 2019-02-01 20:40:53 <list> 2019 https://api… <list> 1.31e7 http…</span></span>
<span id="cb25-13"><a href="#cb25-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 149 more rows</span></span>
<span id="cb25-14"><a href="#cb25-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 6 more variables: title <chr>, formats <list>, cover_image <chr>,</span></span>
<span id="cb25-15"><a href="#cb25-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # resource_url <chr>, master_id <int>, rating <int></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Alternatively, we could use <code>hoist()</code>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb26"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb26-1"><a href="#cb26-1" tabindex="-1"></a>discs <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb26-2"><a href="#cb26-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">hoist</span>(basic_information,</span>
<span id="cb26-3"><a href="#cb26-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"title"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb26-4"><a href="#cb26-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">year =</span> <span class="st">"year"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb26-5"><a href="#cb26-5" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">label =</span> <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="st">"labels"</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="st">"name"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb26-6"><a href="#cb26-6" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">artist =</span> <span class="fu">list</span>(<span class="st">"artists"</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="st">"name"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb26-7"><a href="#cb26-7" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb26-8"><a href="#cb26-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 155 × 9</span></span>
<span id="cb26-9"><a href="#cb26-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> instance_id date_added title year label artist basic_information</span></span>
<span id="cb26-10"><a href="#cb26-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <int> <dttm> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <list> </span></span>
<span id="cb26-11"><a href="#cb26-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 354823933 2019-02-16 17:48:59 Demo 2015 Tobi… Mollot <named list [9]> </span></span>
<span id="cb26-12"><a href="#cb26-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 354092601 2019-02-13 14:13:11 Observan… 2013 La V… Una B… <named list [9]> </span></span>
<span id="cb26-13"><a href="#cb26-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 354091476 2019-02-13 14:07:23 I 2017 La V… S.H.I… <named list [9]> </span></span>
<span id="cb26-14"><a href="#cb26-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 351244906 2019-02-02 11:39:58 Oído Abs… 2017 La V… Rata … <named list [9]> </span></span>
<span id="cb26-15"><a href="#cb26-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 351244801 2019-02-02 11:39:37 A Cat's … 2015 Kato… Ivy (… <named list [9]> </span></span>
<span id="cb26-16"><a href="#cb26-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 351052065 2019-02-01 20:40:53 Tashme 2019 High… Tashme <named list [9]> </span></span>
<span id="cb26-17"><a href="#cb26-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 149 more rows</span></span>
<span id="cb26-18"><a href="#cb26-18" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 2 more variables: id <int>, rating <int></span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Here I quickly extract the name of the first label and artist by
indexing deeply into the nested list.</p>
<p>A more systematic approach would be to create separate tables for
artist and label:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb27"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb27-1"><a href="#cb27-1" tabindex="-1"></a>discs <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-2"><a href="#cb27-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">hoist</span>(basic_information, <span class="at">artist =</span> <span class="st">"artists"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-3"><a href="#cb27-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="at">disc_id =</span> id, artist) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-4"><a href="#cb27-4" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(artist) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-5"><a href="#cb27-5" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(artist)</span>
<span id="cb27-6"><a href="#cb27-6" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 167 × 8</span></span>
<span id="cb27-7"><a href="#cb27-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> disc_id join name anv tracks role resource_url id</span></span>
<span id="cb27-8"><a href="#cb27-8" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <int></span></span>
<span id="cb27-9"><a href="#cb27-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 7496378 "" Mollot "" "" "" https://api… 4.62e6</span></span>
<span id="cb27-10"><a href="#cb27-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 4490852 "" Una Bèstia Incontrolable "" "" "" https://api… 3.19e6</span></span>
<span id="cb27-11"><a href="#cb27-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 9827276 "" S.H.I.T. (3) "" "" "" https://api… 2.77e6</span></span>
<span id="cb27-12"><a href="#cb27-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 9769203 "" Rata Negra "" "" "" https://api… 4.28e6</span></span>
<span id="cb27-13"><a href="#cb27-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 7237138 "" Ivy (18) "" "" "" https://api… 3.60e6</span></span>
<span id="cb27-14"><a href="#cb27-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 13117042 "" Tashme "" "" "" https://api… 5.21e6</span></span>
<span id="cb27-15"><a href="#cb27-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 161 more rows</span></span>
<span id="cb27-16"><a href="#cb27-16" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb27-17"><a href="#cb27-17" tabindex="-1"></a>discs <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-18"><a href="#cb27-18" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">hoist</span>(basic_information, <span class="at">format =</span> <span class="st">"formats"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-19"><a href="#cb27-19" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="at">disc_id =</span> id, format) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-20"><a href="#cb27-20" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(format) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-21"><a href="#cb27-21" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_wider</span>(format) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb27-22"><a href="#cb27-22" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">unnest_longer</span>(descriptions)</span>
<span id="cb27-23"><a href="#cb27-23" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # A tibble: 258 × 5</span></span>
<span id="cb27-24"><a href="#cb27-24" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> disc_id descriptions text name qty </span></span>
<span id="cb27-25"><a href="#cb27-25" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr></span></span>
<span id="cb27-26"><a href="#cb27-26" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 1 7496378 "Numbered" Black Cassette 1 </span></span>
<span id="cb27-27"><a href="#cb27-27" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 2 4490852 "LP" <NA> Vinyl 1 </span></span>
<span id="cb27-28"><a href="#cb27-28" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 3 9827276 "7\"" <NA> Vinyl 1 </span></span>
<span id="cb27-29"><a href="#cb27-29" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 4 9827276 "45 RPM" <NA> Vinyl 1 </span></span>
<span id="cb27-30"><a href="#cb27-30" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 5 9827276 "EP" <NA> Vinyl 1 </span></span>
<span id="cb27-31"><a href="#cb27-31" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> 6 9769203 "LP" <NA> Vinyl 1 </span></span>
<span id="cb27-32"><a href="#cb27-32" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#> # ℹ 252 more rows</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Then you could join these back on to the original dataset as
needed.</p>
</div>
<div class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document">
<hr />
<ol>
<li id="fn1"><p>I’d normally use <code>readr::parse_datetime()</code> or
<code>lubridate::ymd_hms()</code>, but I can’t here because it’s a
vignette and I don’t want to add a dependency to tidyr just to simplify
one example.<a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back">↩︎</a></p></li>
</ol>
</div>
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