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|
#lang scribble/manual
@(require "common.rkt")
@title[#:tag "renderer3d"]{3D Renderers}
@declare-exporting[plot]
@defmodule*/no-declare[(plot) #:link-target? #f]
@section{3D Renderer Function Arguments}
As with functions that return 2D renderers, functions that return 3D renderers always have these kinds of arguments:
@itemlist[
@item{Required (and possibly optional) arguments representing the graph to plot.}
@item{Optional keyword arguments for overriding calculated bounds, with the default value @(racket #f).}
@item{Optional keyword arguments that determine the appearance of the plot.}
@item{The optional keyword argument @(racket #:label), which specifies the name of the renderer in the legend.}]
See @secref["renderer2d-function-arguments"] for a detailed example.
@section{3D Point Renderers}
@defproc[(points3d
[vs (sequence/c (sequence/c #:min-count 3 real?))]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:sym sym point-sym/c (point-sym)]
[#:color color plot-color/c (point-color)]
[#:fill-color fill-color (or/c plot-color/c 'auto) 'auto]
[#:x-jitter x-jitter (>=/c 0) (point-x-jitter)]
[#:y-jitter y-jitter (>=/c 0) (point-y-jitter)]
[#:z-jitter z-jitter (>=/c 0) (point-z-jitter)]
[#:size size (>=/c 0) (point-size)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (point-line-width)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (point-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that draws points in 3D space.
For example, a scatter plot of points sampled uniformly from the surface of a sphere:
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(define (runif) (- (* 2 (random)) 1))
(define (rnormish) (+ (runif) (runif) (runif) (runif)))
(define xs0 (build-list 1000 (λ _ (rnormish))))
(define ys0 (build-list 1000 (λ _ (rnormish))))
(define zs0 (build-list 1000 (λ _ (rnormish))))
(define mags (map (λ (x y z) (sqrt (+ (sqr x) (sqr y) (sqr z))))
xs0 ys0 zs0))
(define xs (map / xs0 mags))
(define ys (map / ys0 mags))
(define zs (map / zs0 mags))
(plot3d (points3d (map vector xs ys zs) #:sym 'dot)
#:altitude 25)]
When @racket[x-jitter], @racket[y-jitter], or @racket[z-jitter] is non-zero,
each point @racket[p] is translated along the matching axis by a random distance
no greater than the given value. Jitter may be applied in either the positive or
negative direction, so total spread along e.g. the x-axis is twice @racket[x-jitter].
Note that adding random noise to data, via jittering or otherwise, is usually a bad idea.
See the documentation for @racket[points] for examples where jittering may be appropriate.
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(vector-field3d
[f (or/c (real? real? real? . -> . (sequence/c real?))
((vector/c real? real? real?) . -> . (sequence/c real?)))]
[x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples exact-positive-integer? (vector-field3d-samples)]
[#:scale scale (or/c real? (one-of/c 'auto 'normalized)) (vector-field-scale)]
[#:color color plot-color/c (vector-field-color)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (vector-field-line-width)]
[#:line-style line-style plot-pen-style/c (vector-field-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (vector-field-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that draws a vector field in 3D space.
The arguments are interpreted identically to the corresponding arguments to @racket[vector-field].
@examples[#:eval plot-eval
(plot3d (vector-field3d (λ (x y z) (vector x z y))
-2 2 -2 2 -2 2))]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label and controlling the arrowhead"]
}
@section{3D Line Renderers}
@defproc[(lines3d
[vs (sequence/c (sequence/c #:min-count 3 real?))]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:color color plot-color/c (line-color)]
[#:width width (>=/c 0) (line-width)]
[#:style style plot-pen-style/c (line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (line-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that draws connected lines.
The @racket[parametric3d] function is defined in terms of this one.
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(parametric3d
[f (real? . -> . (sequence/c real?))]
[t-min rational?] [t-max rational?]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (line-samples)]
[#:color color plot-color/c (line-color)]
[#:width width (>=/c 0) (line-width)]
[#:style style plot-pen-style/c (line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (line-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots a vector-valued function of time. For example,
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(require (only-in plot/utils 3d-polar->3d-cartesian))
(plot3d (parametric3d (λ (t) (3d-polar->3d-cartesian (* t 80) t 1))
(- pi) pi #:samples 3000 #:alpha 0.5)
#:altitude 25)]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(arrows3d
[vs (or/c (listof (sequence/c #:min-count 3 real?))
(vectorof (vector/c (sequence/c #:min-count 3 real?)
(sequence/c #:min-count 3 real?))))]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:color color plot-color/c (arrows-color)]
[#:width width (>=/c 0) (arrows-line-width)]
[#:style style plot-pen-style/c (arrows-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (arrows-alpha)]
[#:arrow-head-size-or-scale size (or/c (list/c '= (>=/c 0)) (>=/c 0)) (arrow-head-size-or-scale)]
[#:arrow-head-angle angle (>=/c 0) (arrow-head-angle)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that draws arrows. The arguments and arrow-head parameters are interpreted identically as in @racket[arrows].
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(plot3d (arrows3d `((0 0 0) (1 1 1) (2 2 2) (3 2 1)))
#:altitude 25)]
@history[#:added "7.9"]
}
@section{3D Surface Renderers}
@defproc[(surface3d
[f (real? real? . -> . real?)]
[x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (plot3d-samples)]
[#:color color plot-color/c (surface-color)]
[#:style style plot-brush-style/c (surface-style)]
[#:line-color line-color plot-color/c (surface-line-color)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (surface-line-width)]
[#:line-style line-style plot-pen-style/c (surface-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (surface-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots a two-input, one-output function. For example,
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval (plot3d (list (surface3d (λ (x y) (+ (sqr x) (sqr y))) -1 1 -1 1
#:label "z = x² + y²")
(surface3d (λ (x y) (- (+ (sqr x) (sqr y)))) -1 1 -1 1
#:color 4 #:line-color 4
#:label "z = -x² - y²")))]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(polar3d
[f (real? real? . -> . real?)]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (plot3d-samples)]
[#:color color plot-color/c (surface-color)]
[#:style style plot-brush-style/c (surface-style)]
[#:line-color line-color plot-color/c (surface-line-color)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (surface-line-width)]
[#:line-style line-style plot-pen-style/c (surface-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (surface-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots a function from longitude and latitude to radius.
@racket[(f θ ϕ)] → @racket[r]
Currently, longitudes(θ) range from @(racket 0) to @(racket (* 2 pi)), and latitudes(ϕ) from @(racket (* -1/2 pi)) to @(racket (* 1/2 pi)).
These intervals may become optional arguments to @racket[polar3d] in the future.
A sphere is the graph of a polar function of constant radius:
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval (plot3d (polar3d (λ (θ ϕ) 1)) #:altitude 25)]
Combining polar function renderers allows faking latitudes or longitudes in larger ranges, to get, for example, a seashell plot:
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(parameterize ([plot-decorations? #f]
[plot3d-samples 75])
(define (f1 θ ϕ) (+ 1 (/ θ 2 pi) (* 1/8 (sin (* 8 ϕ)))))
(define (f2 θ ϕ) (+ 0 (/ θ 2 pi) (* 1/8 (sin (* 8 ϕ)))))
(plot3d (list (polar3d f1 #:color "navajowhite"
#:line-style 'transparent #:alpha 2/3)
(polar3d f2 #:color "navajowhite"
#:line-style 'transparent #:alpha 2/3))))]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(parametric-surface3d
[f (real? real? . -> . (sequence/c real?))]
[s-min rational?][s-max rational?]
[t-min rational?][t-max rational?]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (plot3d-samples)]
[#:s-samples s-samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) samples]
[#:t-samples t-samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) samples]
[#:color color plot-color/c (surface-color)]
[#:style style plot-brush-style/c (surface-style)]
[#:line-color line-color plot-color/c (surface-line-color)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (surface-line-width)]
[#:line-style line-style plot-pen-style/c (surface-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (surface-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots a two-input, one-output function. @racket[(f s t)] → @racket['(x y z)]
For example,
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(plot3d (list
(parametric-surface3d
(λ (θ ϕ)
(list (* (+ 5 (sin ϕ)) (sin θ))
(* (+ 5 (sin ϕ)) (cos θ))
(+ 0 (cos ϕ))))
0 (* 2 pi) #:s-samples 50
0 (* 2 pi)
#:label "torus1")
(parametric-surface3d
(λ (θ ϕ)
(list (+ 4 (* (+ 3 (sin ϕ)) (sin θ)))
(+ 0 (cos ϕ))
(* (+ 3 (sin ϕ)) (cos θ))))
0 (* 2 pi) #:s-samples 30
0 (* 2 pi)
#:color 4
#:label "torus2"))
#:z-min -6 #:z-max 6
#:altitude 22)]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(polygons3d
[vs (sequence/c (sequence/c (sequence/c real?)))]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:color color plot-color/c (surface-color)]
[#:style style plot-brush-style/c (surface-style)]
[#:line-color line-color plot-color/c (surface-line-color)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (surface-line-width)]
[#:line-style line-style plot-pen-style/c (surface-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (surface-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that draws polygons.
The @racket[parametric-surface3d] function is defined in terms of this one.
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval (plot3d
(polygons3d (list (list (list 1 0 0)(list 0 0 1)(list 0 1 0)(list 1 1 1))
(list (list 0 0 0)(list 0 0 1)(list 0 1 0))
(list (list 1 0 0)(list 0 1 0)(list 0 0 0))))
#:angle 355
#:altitude 30)]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@section{3D Contour (Isoline) Renderers}
@defproc[(isoline3d
[f (real? real? . -> . real?)] [z real?]
[x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (plot3d-samples)]
[#:color color plot-color/c (line-color)]
[#:width width (>=/c 0) (line-width)]
[#:style style plot-pen-style/c (line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (line-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots a single contour line on the surface of a function.
The appearance keyword arguments are interpreted identically to the appearance keyword arguments to @(racket isoline).
This function is not terribly useful by itself, but can be when combined with others:
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(define (saddle x y) (- (sqr x) (sqr y)))
(plot3d (list (surface3d saddle -1 1 -1 1)
(isoline3d saddle 1/4 #:width 2 #:style 'long-dash)))]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(contours3d
[f (real? real? . -> . real?)]
[x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (plot3d-samples)]
[#:levels levels (or/c 'auto exact-positive-integer? (listof real?)) (contour-levels)]
[#:colors colors (plot-colors/c (listof real?)) (contour-colors)]
[#:widths widths (pen-widths/c (listof real?)) (contour-widths)]
[#:styles styles (plot-pen-styles/c (listof real?)) (contour-styles)]
[#:alphas alphas (alphas/c (listof real?)) (contour-alphas)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots contour lines on the surface of a function.
The appearance keyword arguments are interpreted identically to the appearance keyword arguments to @(racket contours).
In particular, when @(racket levels) is @(racket 'auto), contour values correspond precisely to @italic{z} axis ticks.
For example,
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval (plot3d (contours3d (λ (x y) (+ (sqr x) (sqr y))) -1.1 1.1 -1.1 1.1
#:label "z = x² + y²"))]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(contour-intervals3d
[f (real? real? . -> . real?)]
[x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (plot3d-samples)]
[#:levels levels (or/c 'auto exact-positive-integer? (listof real?)) (contour-levels)]
[#:colors colors (plot-colors/c (listof ivl?)) (contour-interval-colors)]
[#:styles styles (plot-brush-styles/c (listof ivl?)) (contour-interval-styles)]
[#:line-colors line-colors (plot-colors/c (listof ivl?)) (contour-interval-line-colors)]
[#:line-widths line-widths (pen-widths/c (listof ivl?)) (contour-interval-line-widths)]
[#:line-styles line-styles (plot-pen-styles/c (listof ivl?)) (contour-interval-line-styles)]
[#:contour-colors contour-colors (plot-colors/c (listof real?)) (contour-colors)]
[#:contour-widths contour-widths (pen-widths/c (listof real?)) (contour-widths)]
[#:contour-styles contour-styles (plot-pen-styles/c (listof real?)) (contour-styles)]
[#:alphas alphas (alphas/c (listof ivl?)) (contour-interval-alphas)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots contour intervals and contour lines on the surface of a function.
The appearance keyword arguments are interpreted identically to the appearance keyword arguments to @(racket contour-intervals).
For example,
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval (plot3d (contour-intervals3d (λ (x y) (+ (sqr x) (sqr y)))
-1.1 1.1 -1.1 1.1
#:label "z = x² + y²"))]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@section{3D Isosurface Renderers}
@defproc[(isosurface3d
[f (real? real? real? . -> . real?)] [d rational?]
[x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (plot3d-samples)]
[#:color color plot-color/c (surface-color)]
[#:style style plot-brush-style/c (surface-style)]
[#:line-color line-color plot-color/c (surface-line-color)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (surface-line-width)]
[#:line-style line-style plot-pen-style/c (surface-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (surface-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots the surface of constant output value of the function @(racket f). The argument @(racket d) is the constant value.
For example, a sphere is all the points in which the Euclidean distance function returns the sphere's radius:
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval (plot3d (isosurface3d
(λ (x y z) (sqrt (+ (sqr x) (sqr y) (sqr z)))) 1
-1 1 -1 1 -1 1)
#:altitude 25)]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(isosurfaces3d
[f (real? real? real? . -> . real?)]
[x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:d-min d-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:d-max d-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:samples samples (and/c exact-integer? (>=/c 2)) (plot3d-samples)]
[#:levels levels (or/c 'auto exact-positive-integer? (listof real?)) (isosurface-levels)]
[#:colors colors (plot-colors/c (listof real?)) (isosurface-colors)]
[#:styles styles (plot-brush-styles/c (listof real?)) (isosurface-styles)]
[#:line-colors line-colors (plot-colors/c (listof real?)) (isosurface-line-colors)]
[#:line-widths line-widths (pen-widths/c (listof real?)) (isosurface-line-widths)]
[#:line-styles line-styles (plot-pen-styles/c (listof real?)) (isosurface-line-styles)]
[#:alphas alphas (alphas/c (listof real?)) (isosurface-alphas)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that plots multiple isosurfaces. The appearance keyword arguments are interpreted similarly to those of @(racket contours).
Use this to visualize functions from three inputs to one output; for example:
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(define (saddle x y z) (- (sqr x) (* 1/2 (+ (sqr y) (sqr z)))))
(plot3d (isosurfaces3d saddle #:d-min -1 #:d-max 1 #:label "")
#:x-min -2 #:x-max 2
#:y-min -2 #:y-max 2
#:z-min -2 #:z-max 2)]
If it helps, think of the output of @(racket f) as a density or charge.
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@section{3D Rectangle Renderers}
@defproc[(rectangles3d
[rects (sequence/c (sequence/c #:min-count 3 ivl?))]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) #f] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:color color plot-color/c (rectangle-color)]
[#:style style plot-brush-style/c (rectangle-style)]
[#:line-color line-color plot-color/c (rectangle-line-color)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (rectangle3d-line-width)]
[#:line-style line-style plot-pen-style/c (rectangle-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (rectangle-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that draws rectangles.
This can be used to draw histograms; for example,
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(require (only-in plot/utils bounds->intervals linear-seq))
(define (norm2 x y) (exp (* -1/2 (+ (sqr (- x 5)) (sqr y)))))
(define x-ivls (bounds->intervals (linear-seq 2 8 16)))
(define y-ivls (bounds->intervals (linear-seq -5 5 16)))
(define x-mids (linear-seq 2 8 15 #:start? #f #:end? #f))
(define y-mids (linear-seq -5 5 15 #:start? #f #:end? #f))
(plot3d (rectangles3d (append*
(for/list ([y-ivl (in-list y-ivls)]
[y (in-list y-mids)])
(for/list ([x-ivl (in-list x-ivls)]
[x (in-list x-mids)])
(define z (norm2 x y))
(vector x-ivl y-ivl (ivl 0 z)))))
#:alpha 3/4
#:label "Appx. 2D Normal"))]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(discrete-histogram3d
[cat-vals (sequence/c (or/c (vector/c any/c any/c (or/c real? ivl? #f))
(list/c any/c any/c (or/c real? ivl? #f))))]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) 0] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) 0] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) 0] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:gap gap (real-in 0 1) (discrete-histogram-gap)]
[#:color color plot-color/c (rectangle-color)]
[#:style style plot-brush-style/c (rectangle-style)]
[#:line-color line-color plot-color/c (rectangle-line-color)]
[#:line-width line-width (>=/c 0) (rectangle3d-line-width)]
[#:line-style line-style plot-pen-style/c (rectangle-line-style)]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (rectangle-alpha)]
[#:label label (or/c string? pict? #f) #f]
[#:add-x-ticks? add-x-ticks? boolean? #t]
[#:add-y-ticks? add-y-ticks? boolean? #t]
[#:x-far-ticks? x-far-ticks? boolean? #f]
[#:y-far-ticks? y-far-ticks? boolean? #f]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that draws discrete histograms on a two-valued domain.
Missing pairs are not drawn; for example,
@interaction[#:eval plot-eval
(plot3d (discrete-histogram3d '(#(a a 1) #(a b 2) #(b b 3))
#:label "Missing (b,a)"
#:color 4 #:line-color 4))]
@history[#:changed "7.9" "Added support for pictures for #:label"]
}
@defproc[(stacked-histogram3d
[cat-vals (sequence/c (or/c (vector/c any/c any/c (sequence/c real?))
(list/c any/c any/c (sequence/c real?))))]
[#:x-min x-min (or/c rational? #f) 0] [#:x-max x-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:y-min y-min (or/c rational? #f) 0] [#:y-max y-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:z-min z-min (or/c rational? #f) 0] [#:z-max z-max (or/c rational? #f) #f]
[#:gap gap (real-in 0 1) (discrete-histogram-gap)]
[#:colors colors (plot-colors/c nat/c) (stacked-histogram-colors)]
[#:styles styles (plot-brush-styles/c nat/c) (stacked-histogram-styles)]
[#:line-colors line-colors (plot-colors/c nat/c) (stacked-histogram-line-colors)]
[#:line-widths line-widths (pen-widths/c nat/c) (stacked-histogram-line-widths)]
[#:line-styles line-styles (plot-pen-styles/c nat/c) (stacked-histogram-line-styles)]
[#:alphas alphas (alphas/c nat/c) (stacked-histogram-alphas)]
[#:labels labels (labels/c nat/c) '(#f)]
[#:add-x-ticks? add-x-ticks? boolean? #t]
[#:add-y-ticks? add-y-ticks? boolean? #t]
[#:x-far-ticks? x-far-ticks? boolean? #f]
[#:y-far-ticks? y-far-ticks? boolean? #f]
) (listof renderer3d?)]{
Returns a renderer that draws a stacked histogram.
Think of it as a version of @racket[discrete-histogram] that allows multiple values to be specified for each pair of categories.
@examples[#:eval plot-eval
(define data '(#(a a (1 1 1)) #(a b (1.5 3)) #(b b ()) #(b a (1/2))))
(plot3d (stacked-histogram3d data #:labels '("Red" #f "Blue")
#:alphas '(2/3 1 2/3)))]
}
@defproc[(point-label3d
[v (sequence/c real?)] [label (or/c string? #f) #f]
[#:color color plot-color/c (plot-foreground)]
[#:size size (>=/c 0) (plot-font-size)]
[#:face face (or/c string? #f) (plot-font-face)]
[#:family family font-family/c (plot-font-family)]
[#:anchor anchor anchor/c (label-anchor)]
[#:angle angle real? (label-angle)]
[#:point-color point-color plot-color/c (point-color)]
[#:point-fill-color point-fill-color (or/c plot-color/c 'auto) 'auto]
[#:point-size point-size (>=/c 0) (label-point-size)]
[#:point-line-width point-line-width (>=/c 0) (point-line-width)]
[#:point-sym point-sym point-sym/c 'fullcircle]
[#:alpha alpha (real-in 0 1) (label-alpha)]
) renderer3d?]{
Returns a renderer that draws a labeled point.
If @(racket label) is @(racket #f), the point is labeled with its position.
Analogous to @racket[point-label].
}
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